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In addition, there was no significant biofilm reduction across each of the incubation periods.
Muti-species biofilm formation on polymerized adhesive Time (h) Polymerized adhesive Control 24 0.853 ± 0.02* 1.204 ± 0.051 48 1.166 ± 0.115* 1.786 ± 0.148 72 1.305 ± 0.170* 1.953 ± 0.126 data expressed as mean optical density ± SD * significant difference from a control Fig. 1.
The percentages of multi-species biofilm reduction of cariogenic bacteria on the polymerized adhesive compared with a control Discussion Dental caries is known to be a type of chronic infection of the tooth.
No significant differences in biofilm reduction were observed among the incubation periods.
At 24-h incubation, less biofilm inhibitory effect was demonstrated in this multi-species model (30% vs. 65% biofilm reduction).

“Lean Manufacturing" system can be implemented due to a significant reduction or even removal processes that do not bring value.
The leaders of the company hoped that this new methodology will help them to optimize processes to achieve maximum cost reduction and quality improvement.
These projects were analyzed to obtain accurate data about improvement, cost reduction and approaches.
In particular, its share was 89 per cent of the total resulting cost reductions. 6 Sigma by far the winner came second with contribution of 7 per cent, the share of Lean had 4 per cent of different independent applications.

The intensity of production and the capitalization of the results of scientific and technological progress lead to a sharp reduction in the innovation cycle and an acceleration in the pace of technology renewal.
In order to increase the efficiency of human interaction and technological equipment, there is a tendency to introduce elements of cyberphysical systems such as "big data," "artificial intelligence," "computer vision," "machine learning," "Internet of things," "neurotechnology," "blockchain" [2].
These devices were introduced into production with a positive technical and economic effect, in particular with a four-fold increase in the accuracy of the geometric shape and a 1.8-fold reduction in the main technological time.
Consequently, there is a need to seek more flexible software-based process accuracy management conditions that provide a dramatic reduction in the means and time frame for the preparation of management programs.
As follows from the above, the software of these devices should promptly respond to a change in the range of products and a reduction in the timing of a change in their production.

Fig.1 Roof greening of Tsinghua Fig. 2 Roof vegetable greening of Nanjing Vertical planting can also help energy conservation and emission reduction of buildings while beautifying building through exterior facade structure or independent setting of net, climbing type and net type are used by selected plants(Fig.4).
Fig.5 Plant roots puncture resistant waterproof material test According to detection test data statistics in 2007-2013, there are mainly 6 types of root resistant waterproof materials used for planted roof, namely elastomer (SBS) modified bituminous waterproof sheet material, plastomer (APP) modified bituminous waterproof sheet material, PVC, macromolecule polyethylene polypropylene, thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) waterproof roll and polyurea.
Only through planning, design, implementation and operation according to the concept of green building and appropriate construction technology integration and large-scale promotion and application can we realize “energy, land, water and material conservation and environmental protection” and achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction.
In 2012, Implementation Opinions of Beijing on Promoting Vertical Planting Construction of Urban Space pointed out, “roof greening is included in green coverage ratio indicator of districts and countries; roof greening included in the indicator of engineering greening land area can enjoy the preference of reduction or exemption of flood prevention charges; water for the maintenance of roof greening is charged according to the charge standard of garden irrigation water and sewage treatment fee is exempted; for newly built/rebuilt medium and high-rise, multi-story and low-rise public buildings without sloping roof with less than 12 floors and a length less than 40m, roof greening must be designed, the area of which shall not be less than 50% of the roof area; for buildings with a floor area over 1000m2, accessible garden roof greening must be set up.
Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Chengdu and Wuhan etc. have launched corresponding encouragement policies, regulations, methods and plans to promote the construction and improvement of planted roof of buildings and affiliated facilities and positively promoted orderly implementation of roof greening through reduction or exemption of charges and conversion of greening rate.

Introduction Reduction of the greenhouse pollution, lowering the amount of scrap produced during the fabrication of components and diminishing the number of processing steps are important aspects currently taken into account by the manufacturing sector [1].
Another key feature generally considered during the development and/or improvement of engineered products is the reduction of weight.
The very fine particle size of the Fe/Ni (85-15) powder was chosen in order to favour diffusion of the alloying elements into the Ti matrix as well as the densification of the materials, because a small particle size implies high surface energy which is the driving force for sintering and porosity reduction.
Variation of the density (a) and total residual porosity (b) of the Ti-5.41Fe/Ni and Ti-7.57Fe/Ni alloys versus sintering temperature By comparing the behaviour of the two alloys, it can be noticed that the Ti-7.57Fe/Ni alloy reached higher density, which is due to the combined effect of the intrinsic higher green density of the alloy due to the greater amount of heavy alloying elements and the higher densification due to the higher amount of smaller particles as the porosity (i.e. relative density) data of Fig. 2 b) confirms.
Variation of the hardness of the Ti-5.41Fe/Ni and Ti-7.57Fe/Ni alloys versus sintering temperature As in the case of the density, the hardness of the Ti-5.41Fe/Ni and Ti-7.57Fe/Ni alloys increases with the increment of the sintering temperature as a direct consequence of the reduction of the total residual porosity and homogenisation of the alloying elements.

Based on the order of the limitations, tooling companies can get early access to fixed product information which results in a reduction of the overall development time.
By using a Design Structure Matrix (DSM), the features can be clustered in order to prepare data for the upcoming steps of the method.
The first step is to calculate the cost reduction factor which describes the potential of each feature to reduce the tool costs.
Afterwards, features can be ranked with regard to the severity of the cost reduction factor.
This feature with the highest cost reduction factor needs to be de declared as reference feature which has the biggest impact on the tool costs.

However, because the total reduction during finishing is relatively limited in thick strip, grain refinement may not be fully exploited.
Rolling parameters such as reheat temperature, finishing and coiling temperatures as well as strip reductions and speeds were obtained from mill logs.
Coiling below 625°C, however, resulted in a finer, more acicular ferrite and a significant reduction in pearlite fraction and pearlite colony size, Fig. 7. 0 50 100 150 200 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 Strain Stress, MPa (1090) (1020) (975) (920) (952) (900) (1000) 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Applied strain below 953 oC (TNR) Ferrite grain size, µµµµm Good industrial DWTT toughness Poor industrial DWTT toughness a)High reheat(1250°C), HT rolling dα =6.3µm b) Low reheat(1150°C), HT rolling dα =5.9µm c) High reheat(1250°C), LT rolling dα =4µm d) Low reheat(1150°C), LT rolling dα =3.9µm Fig. 6.
Shallow, non-energy-absorbing pits were reported to nucleate at cementite particles causing an increase in deformation resistance and a reduction in the ductility limit of the steel.
Thanks go to H. de Klerk for supplying mill data.

Grey relation clustering and grey whiten weight function clustering are also commonly used in the evaluation of various schemes, but it needs to converse each index into dimensionless, the same level, the positive data which can be added in the application analysis, and the weight is more difficult to be handled [8].
Garage capacity EI1 Comprehensive benefit of car access EI Parking space EI12 Time and efficiency EI2 Development of scenic areas EI3 Carrying capacity EI13 Structural complexity EI14 Equipment flexibility EI15 Equipment cos tEI16 Garage capacity utilization rate EI11 Mechanical equipment running time EI22 Automation degree EI23 Operation of the noise reduction EI31 Surrounding environment of coordination EI32 EI32 Ability of meeting user needs EI33 Efficiency of car access EI21 Management convenience EI34 Technology advanced EI35 Fig.4 Evaluation index system of the stereo parking equipment.
Number Evaluation index Index nature Grey type Inferior Bad Middle Good Excellent 1 Garage capacity utilization rate qualitative 0～0.2 0.2～0.4 0.4～0.6 0.6～0.8 0.8～1 2 Parking space quantitative 3 Carrying capacity qualitative 0～10 10～20 20～30 30～40 40～50 4 Structural complexity qualitative 0～3 3～6 6～9 9～12 12～15 5 Equipment flexibility qualitative 0～0.2 0.2～0.4 0.4～0.6 0.6～0.8 0.8～1 6 Equipment cost qualitative 0～4 4～8 8～12 12～16 16～20 7 Efficiency of car access qualitative 0～0.2 0.2～0.4 0.4～0.6 0.6～0.8 0.8～1 8 Mechanical equipment running time qualitative 0～1.5 1.5～3 3～4.5 4.5～6 6～7.5 9 Automation degree qualitative 0～2 2～4 4～6 6～8 8～10 10 Operation of the noise reduction qualitative 0～3 3～6 6～9 9～12 12～15 11 Surrounding environment of coordination qualitative 0～5.5 5.5～11 11～16.5 16.5～22 22～27.5 12 Ability of meeting user needs qualitative 0～6 6～12 12～18 18～24 24～30 13 Management convenience qualitative 0～5 5～10 10～15 15～20 20～25 14 Technology advanced qualitative 0～4 4～8 8～12 12
Number Evaluation index Index type Design scope System scope 1 Garage capacity utilization rate Larger type Middle Bad Bad Good Good Good 2 Parking space 3～40 3～50 10～140 3～21 10～60 1～6 3 Parking space Larger type Good Middle Good Excellent Middle Middle 4 Structural complexity Smaller type Middle Inferior Middle Inferior Middle Bad 5 Equipment flexibility Larger type Middle Good Middle Good Middle Good 6 Equipment cost Middle type Middle Bad Middle Middle Good Bad 7 Efficiency of car access Larger type Good Good Good Excellent Middle Good 8 Mechanical equipment running time Middle type Bad Inferior Inferior Bad Bad Bad 9 Automation degree Middle type Middle Middle Middle Good Good Middle 10 Operation of the noise reduction Smaller type Bad Bad Middle Inferior Inferior Bad 11 Surrounding environment of coordination Larger type Good Good Middle Excellent Excellent Good 12 Ability of meeting user needs Middle type Middle Good Good Middle Middle Middle 13 Management convenience Middle
Number Evaluation index Information amount of each index 1 Garage capacity utilization rate 3.8074 3.8074 0.8074 0.8074 3.8074 2 Parking space 0.3451 2.1155 0 0.7370 0.7370 3 Parking space 3.3219 1.3219 0.3219 3.3219 3.3219 4 Structural complexity 0.2224 1.8074 0.2224 1.8074 0.8074 5 Equipment flexibility 0.8074 1.8074 0.8074 1.8074 0.8074 6 Equipment cost 2.0000 0 0 2.0000 2.0000 7 Efficiency of car access 1.3219 1.3219 0.3219 3.3219 1.3219 8 Mechanical equipment running time 2.0000 2.0000 0 0 0 9 Automation degree 0 0 2.0000 2.0000 0 10 Operation of the noise reduction 1.3219 3.3219 0.3219 0.3219 1.3219 11 Surrounding environment of coordination 1.3219 3.3219 0.3219 0.3219 1.3219 12 Ability of meeting user needs 2.0000 2.0000 0 0 0 13 Management convenience 0 2.0000 0 0 2.0000 14 Technology advanced 1.8074 0.8074 0.2224 0.8074 3.8074 Total information amount of each scheme I∑ 15.5455 20.2103 3.6032 13.2764 16.4238 From Table 3, it is known that the total information amount of each

The anomalous coarsening of the C11b-phase grains is driven by a reduction in the residual strain on the lamellar interfaces [6].
Such thermal instability of the lamellar microstructure could be significantly improved by the addition of Cr and Zr, that is considered to be due to the reduction in the misfit strain on the lamellar interfaces [13].
These maps were created from the data collected via electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) of the samples in the scanning electron microscope (SEM).
The results confirm that Cr and Zr additions lead to a significant reduction in the volume fraction of coarse C11b phase grains that do not exhibit a variant orientation relationship, as suggested in Fig. 1.
Reductions in the SSCR owing to refinement of the microstructure have also been reported for directionally solidified eutectic alloys, such as MoSi2/Mo5Si3 [22] and Ni/Ni3Al/Cr3C2 [23], which have aligned microstructures.

From the above results, we found that the (002) characterized peak shifted to high angle with higher Al3+ concentration, it also can be conjectured that the Al atoms had the smaller radii than the Zn ions, the crystal structure of AZO nanorods were distorted by Al3+ ions substituted the Zn2+ site to form the AlZn, and it result in reduction of lattice constant.
According to the above results, the Al concentration of AZO nanorods (60 μM Al(NO3)3 in the bath) were 2.84 at.%, other Al3+ concentrations of AZO nanorods, And the Al concentration of 20 μM, 80 μM, and 100μM Al(NO3)3 were obtained by XPS semi-quantitative analysis were 1.40 at.%, 3.61 at.%, and 3.90 at.%, respectively (the related data are not shown in this paper).
Ag/AgCl) at cathode surface, and the following reaction was that hydrogen reduction took place at around -0.205V (vs.
As obtained from the cathodic polarization curve this was the reason that we set the electroplating potential at -1.0 V for ZnO electroplating, and the nitrate ions have dominated these reductions.
The standard reduction potential of Al3+ ions were quite negative (at -1.867 V vs.