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However, many engineers have little idea how to start with this new issue.
It would help engineers to incorporate sustainability if the difficulties and their reasons can be identified.
Chong et al. [2] surveyed over 200 civil engineers in the US, and nearly all respondents regarded sustainability as important, but actual application and implementation by their organizations was extremely low.
Oey: Journal of Management in Engineering Vol. 25(3) (2009), p. 143-154
Toklu: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 128(2) (2002), p. 117-126

Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409-0030, U.S.A. 2.
College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P.R.
Genda Chen, Professor of Civil Engineering Keywords: Corrosion; Chloride; Cracking; Pullout bond.
Therefore, relating the elongation to the average cross-sectional area loss instead of the area loss at the critical section is more appropriate in engineering applications.

Journal Citation (to be inserted by the publisher) Copyright by Trans Tech Publications Monitoring the degradation of reinforced concrete beams under cyclic loading J S Owen School of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD.
Introduction There has recently been a growing interest in developing damage detection and structural health monitoring (SHM) methodologies to help in managing an ageing Civil Engineering infrastructure.
Reasons for this include the difficulty in getting adequate modal data from large civil engineering structures and the inherent weak non-linearity of damaged RC elements.
Key Engineering Materials, Vols 204-205, (2001), pp 17-26 [3] N Haritos & J S Owen, "The Use of Vibration Data for Damage Detection in Bridges: A Comparison of System Identification and Pattern Recognition Approaches."

Probabilistic Modelling of Strength of Concretes with RCA Roman JASKULSKI1, a *, Anna STĘPIEŃ1,c and Marlena SOBOCIŃSKA1,b 1Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Mechanics and Petrochemistry 09-400 Płock, ul.
Supera, High performance concrete with SCM and recycled aggregate, Key Engineering Materials, 677 (2015) 233-240
Jamal, Predicting the 28 Days Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Artificial Neural Network. i-Manager's Journal on Civil Engineering 6,2 (2016): 1
Jamal, Prediction of Compressive Strength of Concrete by Data-Driven Models. i-Manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 5,2 (2015): 16
Jaskulski, Application of simulation methods in engineering issues, Zeszyty Naukowe.

Experimental Behavior of Masonry Vaults Strengthened with Thin Extradoxal or Intradoxal Layer of Fiber Reinforced Lime Mortar Natalino Gattesco1, a, Ingrid Boem1, b *, Alessandra Gubana2,c, Davide Menegon2, Norman Bello2 and Allen Dudine3,d 1Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, p.le Europa 1, Trieste (I) 2Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, Udine (I) 3Fibre Net S.r.l., via Jacopo Stellini 3 - Z.I.U., Pavia di Udine (I) agattesco@units.it, bboem@dicar.units.it, calessandra.gubana@uniud.it, dallen.dudine@fibrenet.info; Keywords: masonry structures, seismic retrofitting, structural rehabilitation, composite materials, glass-fibers, vaults, experimental tests Abstract.
Acknowledgements The financial support of the composite engineering factory Fibre Net S.r.l., Udine, Italy is gratefully acknowledged.
Sacco, Experimental tests and numerical modeling of reinforced masonry arches, Engineering Structures, 32 (2010): 776-792
Conf. on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing “Civil-Comp 2015”, Prague 2015, 1-4 September
Stepanek, Additional strengthening of masonry vaulted structures by nonprestressed reinforcement, Architecture Civil Engineering Environment 2, 3 (2009): 85-90

Steel Slag as a Substitute for Natural Aggregate in the Production of Concrete VÁCLAVÍK Vojtěch1, a *, DVORSKÝ Tomáš1,b, ŠIMÍČEK Vojtěch1,c, ONDOVÁ Marcela 2,d, VALÍČEK Jan3,e, KUŠNEROVÁ Milena3,f and GOLA Lukáš3,g 1Faculty of Mining and Geology, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 17 Listopadu 15, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic 2Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Vysokoskolska 4, 042 00 Kosice, Slovakia 3Faculty of Mining and Geology, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Institute of Physics, 17 Listopadu 15, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic avojtech.vaclavik@vsb.cz, btomas.dvorsky@vsb.cz, cvojtech.simicek@vsb.cz, dmarcela.ondova@tuke.sk, ejan.valicek@vsb.cz, fmilena.kusnerova@vsb.cz, glukas.gola.st@vsb.cz Keywords: steel slag, natural aggregate, substitute, concrete, mechanical and physical properties.
The utilization of industrial waste in civil engineering segment has great environmental aspect.
Stevulova, Benefits of fly ash utilization in concrete road cover, Theoretical foundations of chemical engineering, vol. 46, Is. 6 (2012) 713-718
Halabi, Use of steel slag aggregate in asphalt concrete mixes, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering vol. 34, Issue 8 (2007) 902-911

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Beam String Structure Zhengrong Jianga, Mu Xub, Weining Duanc, Kairong Shid, Jian Caie, Shitong Wangf School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China azhrjiang@scut.edu.cn, b380286718@163.com, cwnduan@qq.com, dkrshi@scut.edu.cn, ecvjcai@scut.edu.cn, fkjjgxh@126.com Keywords: Beam String Structure; Long-Span Steel Structure; Geometric Nonlinearity; Finite Element Method Abstract: Beam string structure (BSS), which is a new kind of semi-rigid hybrid system, composed of arch, strut and string, has been developed rapidly in long-span steel structures in recent years.
Although the linear analysis can meet the requirement of practical engineering due to its weak nonlinearity of BSS, the nonlinear method is also important to improve the precision theoretically.

Random Seismic Response Analysis of Long-span Bridge Structures Zhangjun Liu1,a,Yanfu Xing2,b,Yong Wan2,c 1College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002，P.R.China 2College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002，P.R.China aliuzhangjun73@yahoo.com.cn,bxyf8626@163.com, c674379502@qq.com Keywords: bridge structure, random seismic response, probability density evolution method, orthogonal expansion.
[6] Chen J.B, Li J:Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics.Vol.20(2005),p33-44
[7] Li J, Chen J.B:International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering.
[11] Chen J.B, Li J:Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics.Vol.24(2009),p51-59

Numerical Simulation of U-shape Bend Flow Movement Based on CCHE Model Yuanyuan Li1,a, Zhenwei Mu1,b , Yangping Sun2,c and Yafei Jia3,d 1College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China 2Water Industry group co., LTD, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China 3Nation Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering, the University of Mississippi, Oxford, USA ayy331420@163.com, bxjmzw@163.com (corresponding autoor), c15999143011@163.com, djia@ncche.olemiss.edu Keywords: U-shape bend flow; CCHE2D model; bend flow; numerical simulation Abstract.
Introduction Natural river is curved, bend flow movement which is common form in natural and hydraulic engineering, and the flow pattern is complex.
The flow characteristic both determines the basic rule of fluvial process and holds significant value to the practical engineering, such as river regulation, fluvial process, navigation, bank protection etc.[1] At present, the study of flow movement characteristics has become more widely.
Port & Waterway Engineering. (2012), p. 46-49.

Rhim 1,a , Sang Kyun Woo 2,b , and Young Chul Song2,c 1 Department of Architectural Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea 2 Korea Electric Power Research Institute, Taejon 103-16, Korea a hcrhim@yonsei.ac.kr, bwskyun@kepri.re.kr, cycsong@kepri.re.kr Keywords: electromagnetic, ultrasonic, microwave, concrete, FRP, debonding Abstract.
This work will provide a basis for further development of debonding detection technique in civil engineering applications.
Flaviis: "Electromagnetic Properties of Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Concrete," Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering (SAMPE) 2004 Symposium and Exhibition, Renaissance Long Beach Hotel, Long Beach, California (2004)
Kim: "Use of Microwaves for Damage Detection of Fiber Reinforced Polymer-Wrapped Concrete Structures," Journal of Engineering Mechanics, pp. 172-183 (2002)
Buyukozturk: "Wideband Microwave Imaging of Concrete for Nondestructive Testing," ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 126, No. 12, pp. 14511457 (2000)