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Online since: January 2014
Authors: Xian Fang Hu, Yu Yun Li, Yan Hua Chen, Zhong Yi Yu
Introduction In today's energy depleted, the application of renewable energy is becoming more and more important, vertical ground source heat pump system is one of the new energy utilization way which use of low grade of shallow geothermal energy to heating and cooling, compared with the traditional conventional energy sources such as coal, gas, not only the reduction effect is obvious, its’ system efficiency can also reach more than 3.5 [1] (conventional gas boiler is only 90%,and the coal-fired boiler is lower).
Table 2 Average water temperature of buried pipe under the different start-stop time Total start-stop time proportion Every time the start-stop time Refrigeration conditions Heating conditions (h : h) inlet (℃) outlet (℃) reduction rate Inlet (℃) outlet (℃) growth rate 1 : 2 4 : 8 27.00 24.39 3.65% 11.83 14.44 2.01% 8 : 16 27.50 24.89 11.96% 11.32 13.93 5.00% 16 : 32 28.81 26.20 8.58% 9.83 12.44 3.72% 32 : 64 29.82 27.21   8.85 11.46   1 : 1 4 : 4 30.05 27.44 5.03% 9.48 12.08 2.28% 8 : 8 30.69 28.08 11.56% 8.90 11.50 3.37% 16 : 16 31.67 29.06 9.39% 7.70 10.31 2.91% 32 : 32 32.54 29.94   6.82 9.43   2 : 1 8 : 4 33.63 30.59 8.74% 7.48 10.53 0.39% 16 : 8 33.75 30.71 11.15% 6.64 9.68 2.34% 32 : 16 34.49 31.45 5.61% 5.67 8.71 1.63% 64 : 32 35.01 31.97 5.20 8.25 Data analysis For simulating different operation strategies, the change status of the inlet and outlet water temperature of ground heat exchanger under the different operation modes were concluded as shown in table 2.
Further analyzing the data of table 2 can be seen that when total start-stop time ratio is certain, shorten the start-stop time of heat exchanger each times, the growth rate of buried pipe of the water temperature under the heating conditions is greater than the reducing rate under the cooling conditions, This is mainly because the average temperature difference between buried pipe and the surrounding rock and soil in in heating conditions is higher than in the cooling conditions.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Nikolay Smirnov, Vadim Zakharov, Yulia Kolosova
The use of screens not only reduces losses related to heat transfer but also permits ambient temperature reduction in setback heating mode.
According to the given data (see Table 1), the use of low-emission I-glass increased heat transfer resistance from 0.47 m2.0С/W to 0.61 m2.0С/W (by 29 %), while adding a panel consisting of two metal screens positioned at a distance of 10 mm from each other on the cold side of the environmental chamber increased resistance to 1.76 m2.0С/W (by 274% of control value 1, or 189 % of control value 2).
Ambient temperature reduction in the setback heating mode creates a high energy saving potential.
As shown by calculations and experimental data (see Table 1), the use of external heat-reflecting screens increases heat transfer resistance up to 1.76 m2.0С/W with a significant increase in internal glass temperature, thereby enabling us to further lower indoor ambient temperature (depending on indoor humidity) in the absence of people.
Online since: April 2015
Authors: Ary Setyawan, Arif Budiarto, Hafid Riyan Purnomo
Research on Ultra-Thin Bonded Wearing Course (UTBWC) have shown that UTBWC reduce the damage caused by weathering, oxidation, traffic and provide good skid resistance, rolling noise reduction, reducing hydroplaning, and reduction of water spraying from the road.
The data required to obtain the value of the strain is the specimen thickness and vertical deformation.
Other data that are required are the specimen diameter (cm), specimen thickness (cm), the volume of water that flowed through the layer (ml), and water pressure (kg/cm2).
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Abdelwahab M. Bubtiena, Ahmed H. El Shafei, Othman Jafaar
Both cause reduction in pressures and hence, reduction in nodal demand.
When the relationship between two variables does not change linearly, an exponential curve best fit the set of the data.
In linear regression, the relationship between two variables is modeled by minimizing the sum of the squared errors to fit a straight line to a set of data points.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Victoriya Petropavlovskaya, Аleksandr F. Buryanov, Tatiana B. Novichenkova
Using them in manufacturing would both result in products cost reduction with utilizing a valuable technogenicrock and enhance the ecological figures.
A comparative analysis was performed by the lab data to determine hydrate gypsum relative areas, pored compactness, and also solubility of raw mixtures which were determined by the value of electro-conductivity of solutions with «Multitest KSL-101».
Under further increase of the relative area up to 1006 m2/kg the solubility decreases due to the reduction of the number of defects on particles surface.
Fig. 7 Strength of gypsum composite versus the content of large fraction of hydrate technogenic gypsum powder mixes on 7th days of curing The data obtained as the result of the investigations on solubility of monofractional powders and bimodal mixtures on the base of technogenic gypsum and also on gypsum composite strength are in compliance with computer modeling outcomes.
Online since: July 2022
Authors: Antonio Del Prete, Giovanna Rotella, Rodolfo Franchi
A reduction or the elimination of the MWFs in machining could also translate into a cost reduction for their purchasing, disposal and treatment.
The optimization problem can be written as: Minimize Uvi,ni, (i=1…N) (4) With respect to vi,n i(i=1…N) (5) Subject to Rai≤Rai', Pi≤Pi', MR i ≥MR i', (6) HV i≥HV i', D≤D' , T≤T' (7) vmini≤vi≤vmaxi , nmin i ≤ni≤ nmax i (8) It is worth pointing out that the mathematical expression of each variable behavior has been derived from the experimental data so the equations are empirically determined.
[6] Franchi R., Del Prete A., Umbrello D., (2017) Inverse analysis procedure to determine flow stress and friction data for finite element modeling of machining, International Journal of Material Forming Volume 10, Issue 5, Pages 685 – 6951
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Ming Liu, Yu Fang Yu
The Green Restaurant® 4.0 provides a comprehensive method of rewarding existing restaurants and foodservice operations with points in each of the GRA’s seven environmental categories, including water efficiency, waste reduction and recycling, sustainable furnishings and building materials, sustainable food, energy, disposables, and chemical and pollution reduction [1].
Methodology The study collected data through questionnaires with four sections: consumers’ behavioral beliefs, attitudes and patronage intention toward green restaurant, and basic respondent demographic data.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Yaroslav A. Erisov
Introduction One of the promising lines of the current machine-building companies’ advancements and competitive growth is the reduction of the time and costs of developing new products and operational processes due to intensive use of the latest computational methods and computer simulation at the design stage [1].
Elimination of this drift requires additional procedures, such as artificial reduction of the strain increment value [16].
Flow-chart for the stress computation algorithm Summary Mathematical modelling makes it possible to obtain a larger amount of data, to do a more comprehensive study and to compare a greater number of options then the natural experiment.
Soare, About the mechanical data required to describe the anisotropy of thin sheets to correctly predict the earing of deep-drawn cups, International Journal of Material Forming. 1 (2008) 285-288
Online since: August 2004
Authors: Che Hua Yang, Ming Fong Huang
The hydriding phenomena have been studied sine 1960's [1] and are continuously been studied regarding to the uptake mechanism and the reduction of ductility [2,3].
Multi-mode dispersion curves can be extracted from the z-scan data by a two-step signal processing scheme.
Due to the reduction of stiffness caused by the hydrogen-charging, the phase velocity of the hydrogen-charged Zircaloy is reduced.
With the experimental data shown in Fig. 5, a better resolution of 100 ppm in measuring the HC is feasible with the current ultrasound technique.
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Mao Fa Jiang, Cheng Jun Liu, Hong Liang Liu
Increasing the strength of the pipeline steel enables a significant reduction in wall thickness with consequent reduction in weight [1].
According with Eq. 2 and the data (Fig. 1 and Tab.2), the grain size could be easily calculated.
The quenching experiment results indicate that the data (Tab.2) is correct and the Eq. 2 could be used to estimate the grain growth behavior.
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