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However, some of these alloys undergo a drastic ductility reduction at intermediate temperatures during fabrication, which may result on Ductility-Dip Cracking (DDC).
Ni-data thermodynamic and MobNi kinetic databases were used.
As expected alloy-A presents the same behavior of comercial alloy 690, which displays a strong ductility reduction in the evaluated temperature range.
Thus, EP reduction results also on the reduction of strain buildup along the grain boundaries and at the triple points, which provides an important DDC resistance improvement.

SEM data retrieval mechanism is electron beam emitted by the electron source then this electron beam will interact with the specimen.
Similarly, SiCw reduction will lead to increased density.
That is because the success of the process of grain growth and pore reduction depends on the stage of treatment.
It is seen before the start of the sinter process and increased holding time, a reduction in the pores.
Sintering time effect, a reduction in the pores on the surface looks more uniform microstructure homogeneous.

The basic objectives of environmental conscious manufacturing is reduction of waste, reduction of hazardous materials and processes and reduction of energy consumption [1].
The main functions of cutting fluid are cooling (removal of the heat developed during machining) and lubricating (reduction of friction among cutting tool surfaces and material), as well as transporting the chips outside the machining zone.
One of the diagnostic tools used in the analysis is the Box-Cox plot (Fig. 1), which is used to determine the appropriate transformation to apply to the response data.

But the ball nose is not the most appropriate for ISF with high quality as it can let bad superficial quality, however as the objective of this process is always cost reduction, ball nose ends up being the most used tool profile.
Results and Discussion The parameters used in the assays of ISF with the processing data are shown in Table 1.
Between 700 to 1440 mm / min is a high reduction.
With AP 0,4 mm, the advance in X and Y increases proportionately to the reduction of the surface roughness used for all the advances.
In this step that remained constant rotation was varied and the advancement in XY and AP, there was obtained an excellent result concerning the reduction of the processing time, because the first piece obtained in 150 minutes while the last took 9 minutes with low surface roughness.

There are two key components for the effective reduction of recombination at surfaces: chemical passivation and field effect passivation.
The concentration of charge that diffused into the film can be estimated using data reported in reference [6].
This concentration of charge is sufficient to provide effective passivation, as reported in [11], thus the lower observed effective lifetime in this specimen immediately after diffusing potassium ions is due to a reduction in chemical passivation caused by an increase in trap states at the interface between the silicon and the dielectric.
The decay in effective lifetime observed over a period of 600 days could be due to a reduction in either the chemical or field effect component of passivation.
James, et al., A wafer-based monocrystalline silicon photovoltaics road map: Utilizing known technology improvement opportunities for further reductions in manufacturing costs, Sol.

Heating above the LCST leads here to a de-swelling of the shell and therewith to a drastic reduction of the particle size as well as to a drastic increase of the refractive index.
However, a strong volume reduction during the phase transition led to the appearance of a surface pattern and prevented a commercial application in windows.
Fig. 3: Transmission of a Cloud GelÔ (d = 1mm; data from [13]).
To overcome the problem of volume reduction in chemically crosslinked gels, thermotropic gels with a physical network have been developed [14].
Thus, the switching results only in a significant reduction of the refractive index of the particle core, and the incident light is predominantly scattered at the core/shell interface.

As the rate of reduction in water content with time is of interest to practice, the drying rate of the soils generally termed, solidification, was determined for the treated soils.
This process was investigated by recording the reduction of moisture content of the material with time.
It can be observed that the addition of FA/CL/FDG stabilizer led to significant reduction in water content of the soils.
aconst w s d ===− ρ ρ 1 1 (3) 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7 1.75 1.8 1.85 8 13 18 23 28 Moisture Content(%) D r y D e n s i t y ( g / c m 3 ) 100%Silt 6%OPC 14%Quicklime 16%FA/6%CL/1%FGDG y = x 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% Experimental Value P re di cte d Va lue 100%Silt 6%OPC 14%Quicklime 16%FA/6%CL/1%FGDG 6%CL/4%GGBS/3.2%OPC 16%FA/3.2%QL/3.2%GGBS/1.6%OPC 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 Compaction Degree A l l o w a b l e M o i s t u r e C o n t e n t ( % ) Silt 6%OPC 14%Quicklime 16%FA/6%CL/1%FGDG Fig.3 Compaction curve Fig. 4 Eq. 2 verification Fig. 5 MAMC at different compaction degree The parameters a for soil or treated soils calculated from the average value of )1( w d − ρ from the experimental data series on the wet side of compaction cures are shown in Tab.2.
The addition of FA/CL/FDG stabilizer increasing the solids content by bulking and reducing the free moisture through hydration reactions leads to significant reduction in water content of the soils and results in improvement in drying rate.

Despite extensive studies of constitutive behavior during LTSP, detailed microstructure evolution data are known only for 775 and 815°С [9].
The reduction per pass was 5-10%.
The total reduction of was ~50%, thus yielding a final sheet thickness of 2 mm.
A reduction of temperature to 550°C leads to a marked decrease in the fraction of the b phase to ~10%, thereby decreasing the length of the interphase boundaries and increasing microstructural instability.
The reduction in texture intensity during SP deformation can also be ascribed to grain-boundary sliding and the concomitant randomization effect associated with the rotation of alpha particles.

This is achieved by reduction of the friction that develops in the contact zones between tool and workpiece as well as between tool and chip.
After data of evaluation factors are obtained through grinding experiments, the performance of grinding fluid can be evaluated using an applicable evaluation model.
In this paper, the material removal ability and hardness reduction of ground surface was measured after grinding.
Using the index of Key Engineering Materials Vols. 283 material removal ability and hardness reduction, the boundary lubrication effects of cutting fluids had been examined.
The experimental results of the material removal ability are increased, and the hardness reduction of ground surface was decreased obviously.

Data analyses were carried out using PoSAP for the reconstruction and IVASTM for generating atom maps and particle analyses with Nmin = 5 and Dmax = L = S = 0.5 nm.
When 10 mm diameter rods are drawn down to 3 mm diameter wire in multiple steps in a lab at a drawing speed of 100 mm/s, the electrical conductivity and UTS (without any artificial ageing) vary with increasing drawing reduction as shown in Fig. 2.
It is evident that for both alloys, the tensile strength increases significantly with increasing drawing reduction.
By contrast, the electrical conductivity decreases by 1-2 %IACS with increasing drawing reduction as the diameter decreases from 10 mm down to about 5 mm.
Figure 2: Effect of drawing reduction from 10 to 3 mm diameter on the conductivity and ultimate tensile strength of Alloys 2 and 3 without any ageing, compared to the 3 mm diameter wire requirements from European Standard EN 50183:2000.