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Study on the role of geogrid-reinforced for fly ash retaining wall basing on the analysis of FLAC3D Wei Shi1,a,Jin Han2,b, Yong Bin Li 2,b 1School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao, 266033, China 2Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao, 266033, China Keywords: Numerical Simulation, Reinforced Function, Reinforcement Spacing , Safety Factor.
Abstract.Geogrid-reinforced retaining wall is widely used in civil engineering, the role of geogrid reinforcement and the calculations of reinforcement material in the retaining wall design need further refinement.This paper analyzes the fly ash retaining wall with and without reinforcement by using finite element software of FLAC3D,studys the impact of geogrid-reinforced function on the stability of fly ash retaining wall ,gets the design parameters of geogrid-reinforced fly ash retaining wall.The numerical results show that: the fly ash retaining walls' safety factor is lower when its height is greater than 6m,reinforcement is needed for fly ash retaining wall to improve its safety factor to ensure the stability of retaining wall.Simulate and analyze the 8m high geogrid reinforced fly ash retaining wall,the results show that: increasing the reinforcement spacing can increase the lateral and vertical displacement of geogrid reinforced fly ash retaining wall, the maximum vertical displacement
Introduction Reinforced earth retaining wall is a composite structure,it consists of three main components: reinforcement material, loose medium and panel.Geogrid is an ideal reinforcement material as a new geo-synthetic materials,it has high strength, low elongation, and the soil strong bite, good durability, not easy to creep, etc.Geogrid-reinforced fly ash retaining wall is not only effective utilization of industrial solid waste but also economic and environment ,it is widely used in civil engineering design of retaining wall,however, its design and stability analysis theory and methods need further improvement.As the limitations of traditional design analysis method basing on limit equilibrium theory, using FLAC3D to analyze the stability of geogrid-reinforced fly ash retaining wall in this paper,the numerical convergence is seen as the instability criterion.
[3]Qihua Zhao, Geotechnical retaining and anchoring engineering[M] , Sichuan University Press,2008.In Chinese.

Considering the transformation of the system and the increasing of the load in the construction process of long-span arch bridge, combining with the definite engineering example and calculating the construction process of arch bridge by using finite element method,focusing on the analysis of deformation and stress of arch bridge under the effect of shrinkage and creep in the process of construction.
In recent years, the research of influence of shrinkage and creep to deformation and stress of arch bridge are less, in this paper,taking Zhangjiawan arch bridge which is building as an engineering example,calculating the deflection and stress of control section in the process of consruction and explaining the stress of arch ring and bridge linear under the effect of shrinkage and creep.
Fig.1 Elevation view of Zhangjiawan arch bridge(unit:cm) Structure model.According to the construction process of zhangjiawan arch bridge,or setting down full framing, prepressing full framing, pouring the arch box, removing full framing, pouring spandrel column,set up hollow slab beam and deck paving, imitating and computing the construction process of zhangjiawan arch bridge by using Midas/civil which is finite element analysis software , the main calculating parameter is shown in Tab.1, on the basis of the stress of deck arch bridge, the arch ring is the main stress structure and the upper structure can be transtrated into concentrated load work on the arch ring in the construction process of zhangjiawan arch bridge.
Tab.1 The main calculating parameter item parameter value concret of the arch box modulus of elasticity 3.35×104 N/mm2 volume weight 26 kN/m3 concret of the stand column,the bottom beam,the tie beam and the bent cap modulus of elasticity 3.0×104 N/mm2 volume weight 26 kN/m3 gravity acceleration 9.81 m/s2 duration of shrinkage and creep 277d Fig.2 The finite element model of Zhangjiawan arch bridge Calculation results and analysis.We have analysed and calculated three stages in the process of construction by using Midas/Civil software,obtaining the deflection and stress of control section whether you considering shrinkage and creep or not, among three stages: the stage one is naked arch which bear the dead weight load, the stage two is that the stand column concret have poured and the hollow slab beam have set up, the stage three is that the arch ring bear the secondary dead load.
China Civil Engineering Journal,2008(in Chinese) [6] The Industry Standard of The People’s Republic of China.

Study on Mechanical Properties of Ribbed Cast Steel Spherical Joint in Complex Stress State Yulan Zhang1, a, Zhihua Chen2, b, Yongjian Liu3, c, Xiejin Wei4, d and Yidu Bu5, e 1School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China 2School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China 3School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China 4School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China 5School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China azhangyl1964@163.com, bzhchen@tju.edu.cn, cLiuyongjian77@163.com dweixiejin@sina.com, ebuyidu@126.com Keywords: cast steel joint; ribbed cast steel spherical joint; nonlinear finite element analysis; design method; manufacturing technology and technical criteria.
Based on Ordos airport terminals engineering, the structure and design method of ribbed steel ball nodes is put forward in this essay, in which nonlinear finite element method is applied, bearing capacity and deformation capacity of ribbed steel ball nodes in the complex stress state is made a penetrating analysis to determine mechanical performance of the ribbed steel ball.
Conclusion The advantages of the cast-steel joints have been validated by numerous engineering practices in China and abroad.
Combined with Ordos’ airport terminals engineering, the design and structural method of ribbed cast steel spherical joints is proposed in this essay which applies the analysis method of nonlinear finite element to deal with the bearing capacity and deformability of it under complex stress state.
Design and construction of substructure and superstructures, edited by Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers , London.(1991)

Horpibulsak, C. phetchuag, and Chin A. kulkiniwat: soil stabilization by calcium carbide residue and fly ash, journal of material in Civil Engineering (2011)
Anwar hussain: Stabilized soils incorporating combinations of Rice Husk Ashe and Cement Kiln Dust, Journal of Civil Engineering Materials Vol.23 (2011)
Javadi: Effect of resin on the strength of soil-cement mixture, Journal of materials in Civil Engineering.
Kim: Postconstruct evaluation of subgrades chemically treated with Lime Kiln Dust, Journal of materials in Civil Engineering.
Ertern: Utilization of pumice waste for clayey subgrade of pavement, Journal of materials in Civil Engineering (2011).

Numerical analysis in civil engineering is mostly provided with software based on finite element method.
Testing of sliding joints at Faculty of civil engineering VSB – Technical University of Ostrava indicates better shear characteristics of SBS modified asphalt belts then oxidised asphalt belts.
Bradac, Utilization of bitumen insulating stripes as sliding joints for buildings on undermined area, Civil Engineering. 1982.
Cajka, Construction of a green golf club buildings on undermined area, in: 4th International Conference on Green Building, Materials and Civil Engineering, 2014
Stara, Multi-layer rheological sliding joint in the foundation structures, Transactions of the VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, Civil Engineering Series. 13(2) (2010) 41-46.

Flexural Strengthening of Structural Timber in the 21st Century: A State of the Art Review Shujaatullah Sheikh1, a and Yusof Ahmad1,b 1Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Malaysia.
In these countries, countless civil engineering structures such as schools, stadiums, train stations, bridges and housing schemes have been built using solid timber and engineered wood products (EWPs) such as glued laminated timber (glulam), parallel strand lumber (PSL), laminated strand lumber (LSL) and laminated veneer lumber (LVL).
[9] Yusof, A. (2013), “Ductility of Timber Beams Strengthened Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer”, Journal of Civil Engineering and Architure, USA, May 2013, Volume 7, No. 5 (Serial No. 66), pp. 535-544
[24] Yusof, A. (2010), “Bending behavior of timber beams strengthened using fiber reinforced polymer bars and plates”, Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
Thesis, Division of Structural Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Luleå, Sweden

State-of-the-Art of Seismic Response of Utility Tunnel Luzhen Jiang1, a 1School of Civil Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China ajiangluzhen@163.com Keywords: Utility tunnel, Seismic response, Lifeline earthquake engineering, Seismic design Abstract.
Li: Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Vol.30(1) (2010), p.147(in Chinese) [23] J.
Li: Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Vol.30(2) (2010), p.123 (in Chinese) [24] J.
Chen: Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Vol.29 (2009), p.41(in Chinese) [26] L.Z.
Li: Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Vol.9(4) (2010), p.555 [28] J.

Comparative Studies of Base Isolation Systems featured with Lead Rubber Bearings and Friction Pendulum Bearings Arati Pokhrel1, a *, Jianchun Li1, b, Yancheng Li1, c, Nicos Maksis 2, d,Yang Yu 1, e 1 Centre for Built Infrastructure Research, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia 2 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece a*Arati.Pokhrel@student.uts.edu.au, b Jianchun.Li@uts.edu.au, c Yancheng.Li@uts.edu.au, d nmakris@upatras.gr, e yang.yu@uts.edu.au Keywords: Isolation system, Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB), Friction Pendulum Bearing (FPB), Fundamental Period Abstract.
Due to the fact that safety is the major concern for civil structures in a seismic active zone, it has always been a challenge for structural engineers to protect structures from earthquake.
It is one of the most successful tools of earthquake engineering pertaining to the passive structural vibration control technologies.
Naeim, Design of Structures with Seismic Isolation, Earthquake Engineering Handbook, University of Hawaii, CRC Press, 2003

The tunnel of small interval clip rock mechanics properties research Yemin ZHANG 1,2a, Wenjian LI 2b, Jincai LI 3c 1School of Civil Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang , China 110004 2School of Civil and Safety Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, China 116028 3Chaozhou Construction and Installation Company, Chaozhou, China 521021 am1964@126.com, bxcsword@126.com, cxcsword@sina.com Keywords: Small interval tunnel, Intermediate clip rock, Construction project, Mechanics characteristic, Numerical simulation.
Put forward the tunnel between them weak rock the concept, more explicit the engineering geological conditions of weak rock tunnel clip to control surfaces.
And on the basis of guidance for engineering construction, in actual construction which has obtained a better effect.
These unfavorable factors is also restricted engineering can be successfully the key to progress.
American Society of Civil Engineers ,Transportation Facilities, Infrastructure, and Pavements, pp. 1830-1835

Sustainable Materials with Potential Application as Core Materials in Vacuum Insulations Jiřί ZACH1,a*, Jitka HROUDOVÁ1,b and Azra KORJENIC2,c 1Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Veveří 331/95, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic 2Vienna University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Building Construction and Technology, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria azach.j@fce.vutbr.cz, bhroudova.j@fce.vutbr.cz, cazra.korjenic@tuwien.ac.at *corresponding author Keywords: Core materials, vacuum insulation panels, organic fibers, thermal conductivity, thermal insulation, heat transfer.
In 1999 vacuum insulation panels were approved in the USA for use in Civil Engineering as thermal insulation materials [5].
Description of the Test Samples and Methodology of the Carried Experiment The trend of achieving sustainable development in the area of new, eco-friendly materials remains topical for many experts concerned with developing new materials applicable worldwide in civil engineering as well as elsewhere.
Vejelis, et al., Evaluation of Structure Influence on Thermal Conductivity of Thermal Insulating Materials from Renewable Resources, Materials Science-Medziagotyra, National Conference on Materials Engineering, 17 (2011) 208-212