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Therefore, it is very important to minimize the adverse effects of wax on the flow properties of crude oil[7].
Many ways are available in practice, which include blending with lighter oil, stream heating, mechanical scraping and use of chemical additives [8].
Results and Discussion The four crude oil samples were produced from Henan Oil Field of China, and the main properties were shown in Table 2.
Effect of wax inhibitors on pour point and rheological properties of Iranian waxy crude oil.
[14] Lucas A.G., Modern petroleum technology, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., England. (2000) [15] Manka J.S., Ziegler K.L., Factors affecting the performance of crude oil wax-control additives, SPE 67326.

The disturbed zone around an excavation is a region where the original state of the in situ rock mass, such as stress, strain, rock stability, water flow, etc. has been affected.
The displacement and stresses are the factors controlling the roadway stability.
In this article, major test results and conceptual behavior of rock joints during mechanical tests are reviewed with constitutive models.
Materials mechanics properties parameters （such as Young’s modulus, compressive strength）were given in table 1.
Material mechanical properties Results and Discussion In order to study the effect of lateral pressure coefficient in solid material, several numerical models with different sample were established and solid material modeling was conducted.

Ordered micro-structured surface will make the material characteristics such as optical properties, adhesion, lubricity, wear resistance and other properties change.
But with the development of research, people found the surface with microstructure has better friction properties than the smooth one, and gain the new pathways to reduce friction through texture microstructure ( as shown in Figure 1 ).
At present, people have constructed non smooth microstructure in the kinematic pair work surface to improve their wear resistance and fatigue resistance properties.
In many cases, vibration and noise are considered negative factors, if the vibration exceeds allowable limits, it will have a larger dynamic load and noise, and will affect the performance and service life.
Microstructured optical components have microstructured surfaces, which determines the light reflection, transmission and diffraction properties.

The structure and service properties of the semiproducts prepared from rapidly quenched (RQ) alloys are conventionally improved by increasing the melt cooling rate.
Such methods also promoted the formation of new nonequilibrium phases and grain refinement to nanoscale size and, as a result, affected the mechanical characteristics of the alloys [4].
These works showed the advantage of this approach for the preparation of materials with special properties.
The structured and properties of the Al-Fe alloys also change after SPD.
The total strengthening effect caused by the above factors (ultrafine grains, supersaturated solid solution, fine aluminides, and structural defects) can be illustrated by the dependence of microhardness on the degree of deformation (Fig. 6b).

The evaluation of energy savings in the area of transport infrastructure entails a complex characterization of factors, attitudes and consequences.
Classification and approach of the factors affecting the economic viability of WMA.
Another major factor in the process of using RAP was the technological development [6].
Mallick, An Evaluation of the Effects of Warm Mix Asphalt Additives on Workability and Mechanical Properties of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Material, Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2008, [12] R.

Sliding mode control system diagram Road Input Many interference factors affecting vehicle, which this paper only consider the effect of the road input.
Road roughness mainly USES the pavement power spectral density of describing the statistical properties [7]
References [1] Song Xubin, Ahmadian Mehdi, Southward Steve.An adaptive semi-active control algorithm for vehicle suspension systems [C]//Proceedings of ASME IMECE 2003:International Mechanical Engineers Conference(2003)

Lasers have been shown to be an effective tool for machining many materials that are difficult-to-machine using mechanical processes.
The physical properties and chemical compositions of the PCD material were given in Table 1.
Table 1 Physical properties and chemical compositions of PCD used in the study Physical Properties Value Chemical composition Percentage Density [g/cm3] 3.8-4.1 Diamond 92 Thermal conductivity at 20oC [W/mK] 560 Titanium 3-8 Thermal expansion [10-6/oC] 1.5-3.8 Tungsten-cobalt alloy 3-8 Knoop hardness [Kg/mm2] 5000-8000 Nickel 2 Graphitization temperature [K] ~700 Experimental Design.
Surface roughness is a major factor in accessing surface quality in milling process.
It can be noticed from Fig. 3(f) that the number of passes affects the surface roughness in a complex way.

According to theoretical consideration of metallurgists’ protective clothes reliability increase problem all the major questions, connected with obtaining of new kinds of composite materials and their properties regulated by special requirements, were experimentally studied.
There is suggested a formation of new fireproofed fabrics, which have high protective properties to the melted drops of metal, injuring the special cloth of the metallurgist.
The raw materials available for us may be used in the most efficient way by combination of different types and properties of thermal-resistant and heat-resistant threads in an appropriate composition which meets the established requirements.
If to consider the issue of the metallurgist’s clothes fire proofness from the point of view of in-service reliability, it was discovered that the most significant factor, affecting the worker’s clothes, was high adhesion of the melted metal particles to the metal surface with its subsequent burning.
When solving the task of elimination of the fabric surface damages caused by the melted metals splashes, it is necessary to consider the thermophysical processes of mass and heat transfer at the fabrics taking into consideration the specific properties of the components.

The mechanical properties and critical buckling loads of the plates are greatly improved by the surface nanocrystallization technology.
Gabor [3] investigated the dynamic buckling of stiffened plate by using the finite element method and experimental exploration, the factors which affect the dynamic buckling are also discussed.
Chakrabarti [4] studied the sandwich plates under different loading on the edges and revealed the buckling properties through finite element analysis.
The material properties are based on 304SS stainless steel and the elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio and density are defined as 195 GPa, 0.27 and 7960 kg/m3 respectively.
In the anti-buckling design, the plate with vertical stripes is the optimized layout since it shows best anti-buckling properties.

Introduction Over the last few years, more and more attention has been paid to the development of mathematical models that predict the final microstructure of a product based on the processing conditions, in order to optimize the different variables and achieve the best combination of strength-toughness properties in as-rolled materials.
N(t) represents the instantaneous precipitate number density and Nc(t) the number of dislocation nodes which is calculated as follows: 5.1 )(5.0)( ttNc ρ= with 2 )( )(       − = p T y f bM t t µα σσ ρ Eq. 3 The constant fp is a "dislocation density factor" [6] to fit the observed data and predictions, since the exact value for flow stress is not always available for each specific case and/or not all the dislocation nodes can be active in terms of precipitate nucleation; this factor is used to adjust ρ(t).
The interface energy, γ, strongly affects the critical nucleus size (RC = -2γ /∆GV).
Prior to the analysis of the stress-relaxation curves with the model, it must be taken into consideration the fact that the observed strength evolution is given in part by the contribution of the different softening and hardening mechanisms affecting the microstructure, but the other part comes from a test contribution related to the conversion of elastic into inelastic strain which can introduce a significant stress relax.
Finally the mechanical softening and recrystallized fraction evolution calculated with the model at 1015 and 1060ºC are represented in Fig. 3, together with the experimental softening fraction derived from the relaxation curves of Fig. 1(a) following the usual procedure [15, 17].