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The desire to understand the nature of these grain boundary phases has resulted in a number of investigations on sialon glass formation and properties [2-9].
The effects on properties of changes in grain boundary glass chemistry, as a result of changes in sintering additives, can be summarised as follows [10]: 1) When 18 e/o N is substituted for oxygen, viscosity increases by >2 orders of magnitude. 2) Increasing the Y:Al ratio of the glass results in a further slight increase in viscosity. 3) Changing the rare earth cation from a larger ion, such as La or Ce, to a smaller cation, such as Er or Lu, increases viscosity by a further 3 orders of magnitude.

Experiments Clay, talc, feldspar and other raw materials were used to prepare the basic tile bodies. 3wt%, 5wt% and 10wt% of copper mine tailings were added into the basic bodies, and numbered A, B and C, respectively.
W.H.Hall [5] supposed that the intensity distribution caused by grain refinement and micro distortion was close to Cauchy distribution.
Βcosθ/λ=1/Dhkl+4E(Sinθ/λ) (1) Where, β is the integral breadth of a reflection (in radians) located at 2θ, λ is the characteristic X-ray wavelength (Cu λKα=0.15406 nm), E is the coefficient of lattice distortion marking the degree of micro distortion, Dhkl is the averaged grain size corresponding to hkl reflection direction, and θ is the Bragg diffraction angle.

The total energy of core-shell nanoparticles composed of the energy anisotropy EA, magnetostatic interaction energy Em, energy grain in the field of mechanical stressesEσ, interfacial energy of the exchange interaction Eex and energy of grains of the magnetic moment the external magnetic field EH: E=EA+Em+Eσ+Eex+EH. 6.
Acknowledgements The work is supported by grant of Ministry of Education and Science 02.740.11.0549 (Reference number 2010-1.2.2-214-005-006).

Now most of the sweeper adopts the latter, but if the back blowing type suction mouth design improperly ,it can not achieve the ideal effect of absorbing dust, and may lead to strong fugitive dust [7-9].Today although road sweeper have been studied for decades at home and aboard, but these studies mainly is through the enterprise using engineering practice means to complete ,there are two situations occurring as follows: a number of technical on research and development need to rely on our own to explore; The engineering practice have greater demand for human, material and financial resources, and it is difficult to achieve better expected.
Suction mouth needs to follow the theorem of conservation of nature in the work process, and the dust starting in the negative pressure sucking needs to follow grain motion equation.
(4)Initiation of particle motion equation Particles will be rolling or sliding on the suction mouth under the action of negative pressure sucking, and then suspended into the inlet,while the critical speed of a stream is needed in the movement, called the starting speed of particles, as shown below: (8) Where, is the particles starting speed, m·s-1;d is the grain diameter, mm; D is the pipe diameter of flow field, mm; is the start coefficient; is the actual density of particles, kg·m-3; is the density of the air, kg·m-3, f is friction coefficient of particles and flow pipe, g is the acceleration of gravity, m·s-2.General for 10mm diameter road dust such as sand, coal, cement, iron, wood, rubber, we calculate using volume density,and volume density of these common dust average about 50~2500kg ·m-3, Through the calculation of 8 equations, the suction nozzle needs suction
Figure3 Flow field distribution of ground Figure 3 shows the distribution of flow field in the ground of mouth and extended area covering, it can be found that a large number of air flow from the three regions of front mouth, the back, the left (refers to the near side suction mouth) into the ground of suction mouth covering, the flowing speed can be up to 30m/s or even higher, this speed enough to suck various dust into sweeper .Because of the right end of the suction mouth placing special structure of exhaust pipe and plate, a portion of the fluid in the fluid region is flowing outward.

The polycrystalline nature of films is attributed due the presence of a large number of peaks.
The average grain size of the films was estimated to around 250 Å.
The grains, for lower content of lead in the host lattice, become smaller in size, densely packed.
When the lead is incorporate in the lattice of CdSe, the grains appear larger in size.
Over all the grain size was found to be varying for all compositions [15].

DSS and SDSS differ by their pitting resistance equivalent number (PREn) (PREn=%Cr +3.3%(Mo + 0.5%W + 16% N), which takes into account the contents of Cr, Mo, W, and N.
The σ is the more prone precipitate in SDSS, it nucleates at the α/γ interfaces and grain edges, consuming the ferrite phase towards the interior of the grain.
The samples were polished using alumina solution with 1µm grain size.
In Figure 1 (b), aged for 60 minutes, a white-colored phase appeared in the microstructure present mainly in the ferritic grain.
The sample in Figure 1 (c) aged for 180 minutes presented a high number of intermetallic phases, with regions in the ferritic matrix where there is a phase interrupted by another secondary phase.

It is shown that the use of preliminary thermal-cyclic deformation of the steel 10 stock material results in a fine-grained structure of a hot-rolled sheet (3 mm thick) produced by an industrial technology.
This led to the development of technologies based on methods and modes that allow intensifying a number of physical and chemical processes through the use of features of structural transformations occurring in metals and alloys.
Deformation thermal-cycling treatment can not only improve a number of physical and mechanical characteristics of metals and alloys, but obtain a deformed semi-finished products made of hypereutectic silumins with low plasticity through the use of thermal cycling deformation combined with annealing [7-10].
The preliminary thermal-cyclic forging does not increase the contamination of hot-rolled sheet steel 10 with nonmetallic inclusions whose number and distribution is determined by the slice place and steelmaking technology. 2.
The use of preliminary thermal-cyclic forging for the production of hot-rolled sheet steel 10 provides a more fine-grained structure and improves its strength characteristics by almost 30 %. 3.

The high cost of processing of Ti alloys is an important limitation to their utilization in a number of applications.
Commercial purity Ti does not show ideal mechanical properties, which however can be enhanced by alloying with a number of other elements.
However, when comparing to other more popular metallic materials such as Al and Fe alloys, Ti and Ti alloys components are expensive, which is a serious limitation to the widening of their commercial utilization in a number of applications.
Recently, a number of works has reported results related to the casting of Ti alloys, including a few studies on the Ti-Cu and Ti-Nb systems [9-14].
In the first case, microstructure of Ti-10%Nb alloy is constituted, according to X-ray analysis shown in Fig. 4(b), only by martensite α' phase, as well defined grains (dimensions of α'grains in the order of 200 µm).

There are a large number of clews whose diameter is about 100 nm.
As a result, the weak links between the grains are increasingly improved and the coupling through the grain boundaries becomes stronger.
for different composites PANI/ Fe3O4 sample C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C7 C8 M σ300(S/cm) 0.18 0.6 0.61 1.18 1.46 3.69 0.88 0.19 1.10-6 Ea (eV) 0.051 0.050 0.044 0.048 0.040 0.061 0.064 0.038 - To (K) n = 2 R 1.0 104 0.9978 0.97.104 0.9970 0.87.104 0.9995 0.95.104 0.9998 1.03.104 0.9995 1.78.104 0.9996 1.74.104 0.9980 0.76.104 0.9975 - For temperatures corresponding to typical semiconductor behavior, the temperature dependence of conductivity of the composite sample can be expressed by the one-dimensional variable range hopping (1D-VRH) model proposed by Mott [25] as follows: (7) (8) where Lc is the location length, N(EF) is the density of states at the Fermi level, kB is the Boltzman constant and Z is the number
Another important factor is the grain size, because smaller grain size, the surface area of grain boundary is increased, which causes an increase in the number of defects and impurities.

The coefficient can be gotten by a large number of experiments.
Material removal per unit time volume V is: (10) Traditional grinding material removal volume minus EDM workpiece material removal volume, grinding volume of material removed: (11) Assume that the distribution of grits density of grinding wheel surface is Nds, the grits number through the dynamic abrasive grinding zone per unit time is .
(21) Nnhi is the number of sliding friction abrasive in different depth [11].
According to the equations of motion of single grain, a single-grit’s trajectory of movement is drawn.
[7] B.F.Feng, G.Q.Cai and X.L.Sun: Groove，Chip and Force Formation in Single Grain High-Speed Grinding.