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Online since: July 2011
Authors: Pravitra Chandranupap, Pantharee Kongsat, Panitnad Chandranupap
The polymer components in toner are generally highly hydrophobic and then cannot be dissolved in water [1-4].
In order to avoid any contamination, deionized water was used to make pulp slurry and all chemical solutions.
In this work, the standard printed sheets were cut into pieces and added into water to prepare 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt% aqueous pulp slurries.
McKinney, in: Technology of paper recycling, Blackie Academic & Professional, (1995)
Studies on Surfactant Adsorption at The Cellulose-Water Interface, PhD Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology (2003)
In order to avoid any contamination, deionized water was used to make pulp slurry and all chemical solutions.
In this work, the standard printed sheets were cut into pieces and added into water to prepare 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt% aqueous pulp slurries.
McKinney, in: Technology of paper recycling, Blackie Academic & Professional, (1995)
Studies on Surfactant Adsorption at The Cellulose-Water Interface, PhD Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology (2003)
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Petr Baron, Stanislava Šoltésová
It denotes great interest not only in scientific sphere but also in sphere of results application in the new developing methods and their using in professional practice.
In traditional power stations is combination of steam turbine and alternator, where aggregates are transformed into heat and mechanic energy removed from heated water vapor.
In traditional power stations is combination of steam turbine and alternator, where aggregates are transformed into heat and mechanic energy removed from heated water vapor.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Guo Ping Jiang, Zheng Guo Zhang, Zhi Liang Jin, Tao Zhao
A survey on the tail gas contained HF of the electrolyzed aluminumindustry was analyzed at first,which included the applications of tail gas treating technology and gas purification devices both at home and abroad.Combining with their professional knowledge and engineering experience,a technical scheme was formed that purifying the tail gas with HF by a new progress,which designed a set of pilot plant about wet hydrogen fluoride absorption, and the optimization of this process scheme.
implement a set of equipment to meet different processing plans of absorption liquid absorption, and through experiment verification, continuously improve the process route, eventually exhaust emissions meet the national standards for environmental protection departments, emissions after secondary to absorb hydrogen fluoride was 3.8 mg/m3, national aluminum industrial pollutants emission standards GB25465-2010 in fluoride electrolysis exhaust emissions standards formulated by 4.0 mg/m3.And equipment safe and reliable operation, the desired research goal[4]. 1.Discussions of purification on tail gas of HF containing in aluminium industry The relevant enterprises all over the world to purify containing hydrogen fluoride gas there are two main ways, one is the wet absorption, another is called a dry adsorption.Domestic electrolytic aluminum industry to contain hydrogen fluoride gas with wet absorption process, according to the absorbent absorption purification method and divided into different water
alumina adsorption hydrogen fluoride adsorption properties, reaction fluoride alumina then added to the cell, thus reducing costs, has been widely used in flue gas purification recovery of electrolytic cell, but dry adsorption also some deficiencies.Because dry adsorption on the surface operation cost is low, avoid the secondary pollution.But in the actual operation process, when adsorbent to absorb hydrogen fluoride is close to saturation need to regeneration of adsorbent or replaced, the adsorbent regeneration methods mainly alkaline cleaning or washing method, it also can produce secondary pollution.So, electrolytic aluminium containing hydrogen fluoride industrial tail gas purification technology will also need to continuously improve process, to ensure that play a better role in the actual operation. 1.1 .Analysis of governance routes on fluoride flue gas by wet cleaning inaluminium industrial Electrolytic aluminium fluoride wet flue gas purification treatment methods usually take water
as absorbent.Of course,there are some other methods,sodium bicarbonate, calcium sulphate solution absorption solution absorption, pure alkali (sodium carbonate solution) absorption, caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) solution absorption method, etc. 1.2 .Process of wet purification of sodium carbonate solution as the absorbent The main working principle of HF containing flue gas by wet cleanings ,keeping a good contact with the aluminium fluoride gas and absorption liquid,under the premise of certain pollutants in the flue gas from the gas phase state into a liquid state, namely hydrogen fluoride gas is absorbed by water or alkali, and then will absorb toxic gases after the solution for subsequent processing, to make full use of, used in electrolytic production of fluoride salt, this comprehensive treatment methods are accord with the aim of the circular economy and green chemical.Typical of aluminium fluoride industrial gas treatment process is composed of the following links: absorbing
implement a set of equipment to meet different processing plans of absorption liquid absorption, and through experiment verification, continuously improve the process route, eventually exhaust emissions meet the national standards for environmental protection departments, emissions after secondary to absorb hydrogen fluoride was 3.8 mg/m3, national aluminum industrial pollutants emission standards GB25465-2010 in fluoride electrolysis exhaust emissions standards formulated by 4.0 mg/m3.And equipment safe and reliable operation, the desired research goal[4]. 1.Discussions of purification on tail gas of HF containing in aluminium industry The relevant enterprises all over the world to purify containing hydrogen fluoride gas there are two main ways, one is the wet absorption, another is called a dry adsorption.Domestic electrolytic aluminum industry to contain hydrogen fluoride gas with wet absorption process, according to the absorbent absorption purification method and divided into different water
alumina adsorption hydrogen fluoride adsorption properties, reaction fluoride alumina then added to the cell, thus reducing costs, has been widely used in flue gas purification recovery of electrolytic cell, but dry adsorption also some deficiencies.Because dry adsorption on the surface operation cost is low, avoid the secondary pollution.But in the actual operation process, when adsorbent to absorb hydrogen fluoride is close to saturation need to regeneration of adsorbent or replaced, the adsorbent regeneration methods mainly alkaline cleaning or washing method, it also can produce secondary pollution.So, electrolytic aluminium containing hydrogen fluoride industrial tail gas purification technology will also need to continuously improve process, to ensure that play a better role in the actual operation. 1.1 .Analysis of governance routes on fluoride flue gas by wet cleaning inaluminium industrial Electrolytic aluminium fluoride wet flue gas purification treatment methods usually take water
as absorbent.Of course,there are some other methods,sodium bicarbonate, calcium sulphate solution absorption solution absorption, pure alkali (sodium carbonate solution) absorption, caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) solution absorption method, etc. 1.2 .Process of wet purification of sodium carbonate solution as the absorbent The main working principle of HF containing flue gas by wet cleanings ,keeping a good contact with the aluminium fluoride gas and absorption liquid,under the premise of certain pollutants in the flue gas from the gas phase state into a liquid state, namely hydrogen fluoride gas is absorbed by water or alkali, and then will absorb toxic gases after the solution for subsequent processing, to make full use of, used in electrolytic production of fluoride salt, this comprehensive treatment methods are accord with the aim of the circular economy and green chemical.Typical of aluminium fluoride industrial gas treatment process is composed of the following links: absorbing
Online since: October 2021
Authors: Patrik Bayer, Martin Vyšvařil, Tomáš Žižlavský
The influence of the very fine fraction of spongilites in building binders has scarcely been studied so far and there is almost no professional work on this topic.
Mortar mixtures were prepared using the constant water/binder ratio of 0.5 and binder/aggregate volume ratio of 1:1.
One cycle consisted of 6 h freezing at −20 °C and 12 h thawing in 20 °C warm water.
The improved frost resistance of spongilite mortars can be due to their lower water absorption.
Total porosity, water absorption and frost resistance coefficient (Df) of mortars.
Mortar mixtures were prepared using the constant water/binder ratio of 0.5 and binder/aggregate volume ratio of 1:1.
One cycle consisted of 6 h freezing at −20 °C and 12 h thawing in 20 °C warm water.
The improved frost resistance of spongilite mortars can be due to their lower water absorption.
Total porosity, water absorption and frost resistance coefficient (Df) of mortars.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Pan Cheng, Wei Luo, Jia Qi Chen, Lian Heng Zhao
Study on Stability of Subgrade Slope along River Subjected to Water Level Fluctuation and Stream Erosion[J].
Quasi-static Analysis of Seismic Stability of Anchored Rock Slope under Surcharge and Water Pressure Conditions[J].
(In Chinese) [11] The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People’s Republic of China.
Beijing: China Water Power Press, 2007.
Improving on Assumption for Water Pressure Distributing on Failure Surface in Rock Slope[J].
Quasi-static Analysis of Seismic Stability of Anchored Rock Slope under Surcharge and Water Pressure Conditions[J].
(In Chinese) [11] The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People’s Republic of China.
Beijing: China Water Power Press, 2007.
Improving on Assumption for Water Pressure Distributing on Failure Surface in Rock Slope[J].
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Xiao Ge Li, Xing Bin Ma, Shu Yan Gong
The existing chain of Yulin coal chemical industry has brought a lot negative external effects to the
local, mainly in the destruction of the environment: first,the damage to local ecological
environment, first of all is water pollution.
Water in Yulin Energy Development Zone was polluted seriously, the 9 in 11main rivers was polluted by different levels, suspended particles over the surface of water increased by nearly a hundred times before development.
Enterprises should actively take forms to introduce foreign investment and coal chemical industry professionals, promote the development of local coal chemical industry.
Water in Yulin Energy Development Zone was polluted seriously, the 9 in 11main rivers was polluted by different levels, suspended particles over the surface of water increased by nearly a hundred times before development.
Enterprises should actively take forms to introduce foreign investment and coal chemical industry professionals, promote the development of local coal chemical industry.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Jian Guo Chen, Xin Xin Cheng, Min Chen
Introduction
Green building refers to the buildings which economize resources (energy, land, water and materials), protect the environment and reduce pollution, providing people with health, suitable and efficient use of space, and are in harmony with nature through its life cycle [1].
M.H.Issa, J.H.Rankin et al. [6] conducted a survey between 1200 LEED accredited professionals in Canada to investigate practitioners’ perception of green building and the results showed that high cost premiums was the primary barrier to investing in green practices while energy cost saving was the most important type of savings incurred in green buildings.
In order to meet the energy, water and other environmental requirements of green building, the selection of materials will be stricter.
According to the research conducted by William Bradshaw, green building can save electricity about 38%, water about 34% and gas about 35% on average [10].
M.H.Issa, J.H.Rankin et al. [6] conducted a survey between 1200 LEED accredited professionals in Canada to investigate practitioners’ perception of green building and the results showed that high cost premiums was the primary barrier to investing in green practices while energy cost saving was the most important type of savings incurred in green buildings.
In order to meet the energy, water and other environmental requirements of green building, the selection of materials will be stricter.
According to the research conducted by William Bradshaw, green building can save electricity about 38%, water about 34% and gas about 35% on average [10].
Online since: April 2021
Authors: Konstantin B. Maslennikov, Nicolay Urtsev, Sergey I. Platov
The accelerated cooling mode is determined by the coolant flow rate (water) through the collectors and the running speed of hot rolled breakdown in the area (RS).
This leads to a different flow of phase and structural transformations along the sheet thickness and, therefore, the need to take into account the conductive interaction of different layers of the strip, both in terms of heat removal by water and the transfer of the thermal transition effect.
• Possibility of “manual” adjustment of a number of input parameters of the model (temperature of the end of rolling, speed of movement of the roll in the accelerated cooling, water consumption by collectors of AC, thickness of the roll).
By modeling the structure formation in the researcher's workstation, the professionals can fine-tune the production process mode in order to obtain the required uniformity and dispersion of the microstructure of the final product.
This leads to a different flow of phase and structural transformations along the sheet thickness and, therefore, the need to take into account the conductive interaction of different layers of the strip, both in terms of heat removal by water and the transfer of the thermal transition effect.
• Possibility of “manual” adjustment of a number of input parameters of the model (temperature of the end of rolling, speed of movement of the roll in the accelerated cooling, water consumption by collectors of AC, thickness of the roll).
By modeling the structure formation in the researcher's workstation, the professionals can fine-tune the production process mode in order to obtain the required uniformity and dispersion of the microstructure of the final product.
Online since: March 2020
Authors: Mohamad Ashry Jusoh, Syarifah Norsuhaila Syed Mahmud, You Kok Yeow, Fahmiruddin Esa
The EFB powder was immersed in distilled water for 24 hours to segregate ash content from powder.
The Professional Network Analyzer was used to study the dielectric properties of PolyOP1 and PolyOP2 composites.
Water as blowing agent is chosen based on the nature of vaporization properties.
The presence of water blowing agent in the composite gave enhancement to dielectric constant and loss factor.
Kim, Mechanical , Morphological , and Thermal Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Blown by Distilled Water, J.
The Professional Network Analyzer was used to study the dielectric properties of PolyOP1 and PolyOP2 composites.
Water as blowing agent is chosen based on the nature of vaporization properties.
The presence of water blowing agent in the composite gave enhancement to dielectric constant and loss factor.
Kim, Mechanical , Morphological , and Thermal Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Blown by Distilled Water, J.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Jia Xi Duan, Xiao Jun Lv, Qi Dou Zhou, Zhi Yong Xie
Fig. 1 Finite element model and sketch of the cylinder
Table 1 Model scale and material property
Geometry [mm]
Material Property
Length
2000
Young’s Modulus
206000
[N/mm2]
Diameter
1600
Rib’s scale
10×50
Damping
0.06
Rib’s space
200
Density
7.85E-9
[N/mm3]
Base panel
375×200
Cover’s thickness
20
Poisson’s
Ratio
0.3
Cylinder’s thickness
6
Table 2 Time consumed by different mesh size
Mesh
2Ele(100mm)
4Ele(50mm)
8Ele(25mm)
Nodes
2328
9436
29558
Elements
2318
9353
29273
Time
20’
4 h
18 h 20’
Computer configuration
CPU:E5504@2.00GHz,
Memory:15.9GB,
OS: XP Professional x64
Table 3 Time consumed of fluid-structure interaction
Mesh
2Ele(100mm)
4Ele(50mm)
Nodes
3012
11704
Elements
3736
15332
Time
6’
247’
Verify of the vibration test.
Fig. 5 (A) and (B) show the comparison of mean square velocity (MSV) in vacuum and water.
The structure is 5 meters below the water level and the reflection of free surface is taken into consideration.
(A) In vacuum (B) In water Fig. 5 Comparison of MSV in vacuum and water Radiation SPL and radiation power.
(A) Radiation sound pressure (B) Radiation sound power Fig. 6 Radiation SPL and sound power level in water Fig. 7 Contour map of radiation SPL on 2ele(Left) and 4ele(right) at 520Hz Conclusions The steady sinusoidal and random white noise signals are employed as input for excitation force and the acceleration sensors are used to measure the response.
Fig. 5 (A) and (B) show the comparison of mean square velocity (MSV) in vacuum and water.
The structure is 5 meters below the water level and the reflection of free surface is taken into consideration.
(A) In vacuum (B) In water Fig. 5 Comparison of MSV in vacuum and water Radiation SPL and radiation power.
(A) Radiation sound pressure (B) Radiation sound power Fig. 6 Radiation SPL and sound power level in water Fig. 7 Contour map of radiation SPL on 2ele(Left) and 4ele(right) at 520Hz Conclusions The steady sinusoidal and random white noise signals are employed as input for excitation force and the acceleration sensors are used to measure the response.