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This procedure smoothes out minor errors of individual data points.
Data analysis includes all pixels in a ring-shaped area around the hole, described by the inner and outer integration radius, which the user can select.
Displacements diminish with distance from the hole, so that measurement data becomes less and less useful for the analysis.
While the hole-drilling process is similar to that of the common strain-gage method, measurement and data analysis are quite different.
This may have affected hole quality, but not that much that data analysis was clearly affected.

The age in pipelines network is a major problem and the reduction of these has become a major priority for pipeline authorities around the world.
The technique identified singularities in the simulated data, however when the same analysis was applied to the experimental data, the expected results did not agree with the lengths found in the network.
The measuring instrument for data capture used data acquisition from National Instrument at sampling frequency of 1 kHz to capture any change in the steady-state operating.
The raw data will be capture by using software Dasy Lab and then data will be analysed using signal processing analysis synchrosqueezing method from software Mat lab.

By using the daily data from the First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSP), Flied Experiment (FIFE), and worldwide meteorological stations, it has been shown that clouds, soil moisture, and precipitation cause the reduction of the DTR range by over 50% [7].
The data used in this study are the meteorological data that have been collected by the Thai Meteorological Department (TMD).
There are some missing data over the period of the study, which is about 0.54% of the total data.
Due to this, less than 1% of the total data, therefore, was neglected.
STD means standard deviation of the whole data.

During the test, the force-displacement data is recorded.
The reproducibility of the force-displacement data and the local deformation data is tested with two different dies.
Force-displacement data The measured deviations are presumed to be normal fluctuations that result of the complex structure of NCFs.
The deviation of the force-displacement data and the deformation data is small when the same textile is used.
Both the force-displacement data and the deformation data have a maximum deviation of 9 %.

Figure 1 shows the weight change data for several alloys tested at temperatures between 575 and 800°C.
This was evident in the measured weight change data developed as a function of exposure time.
The data indicated a monotonically decreasing weight of the specimens, which is essentially linear with time.
A comparison of the data for a deposit containing 1 wt.% NaCl with earlier-reported data for a deposit containing 5 wt.% NaCl showed that the alloy weight losses are much less with the lower concentration of NaCl.
Data in these plots were obtained for deposits containing 5 wt.% NaCl.

The paper presents the design of a small-scale building integrated photovoltaic micro-grid system, which is a master-slave system with bi-directional battery inverter as the core of the system.A photovoltaic energy system and management system are established, which has the function of real-time data monitoring and logging, switches different micro-grid operation mode.
(2)Getting the original measurement data using real-time monitoring of the PV system can provides useful data for system improvement and optimization and scientific research.
Such data is the most original and accurate, which gained by remote monitoring without human intervention factor.
Therefore, this system is the energy monitoring system based on the network of WEB, which is mainly responsible for the equipment condition monitoring, historical data logging, real-time data display and remote transmission, fault diagnosis and alarm, and the achievement of control algorithm (mode switching function)as well.
Due to the function of PC configuration achieved by WEB-based configuration software in energy monitoring system, the function of remote data transfer and remote control can be implemented through the Internet, which facilitates remote engineers, debugging and maintaining the equipment.

Data are means ± standard deviations of three independent experiments performed in triplicate.
Data shown represent the average biofilm thickness ± standard deviations of three independent experiments.
Contrary to the previous reports, our data didn’t show any benefits of DLC over the plastic (positive control) in term of inhibition of Candida biofilm formation.
Unlike previously published data, all these factors were studied carefully, and all prospective variables were taken in to consideration.
XTT data supported with confocal microscopy images confirmed the growth of biofilm on DLC and proved that under physiological conditions DLC supports candida biofilm growth just like PVC.

For vibration reduction in truss structures, piezoelectric shunt damping has been investigated in [7, 8, 9].
In this paper, the rotational and lateral spring element stiffness used in the piezo-elastic supports is first verified by experimental data and the updated model is then validated by comparing numerical and experimental capability to attenuate vibration.
For the experimental setup, the vibration reduction in y-direction is 16 dB and in z-direction is 26 dB.
Therefore, the updated numerical simulation still overestimates the possible vibration reduction compared to experimental results, Fig. 9.
However, the updated numerical simulation still overestimates the possible vibration reduction compared to experimental results.

Comparative studies by ÖNEL [29] revealed CFRP’s superior strength enhancement (84%) over GFRP (45%), albeit with trade-offs in displacement reduction and energy dissipation.
Calibration of the CDP model necessitated experimental data from four critical laboratory tests: Ø Uniaxial compression to characterize hardening and crushing behavior, Ø uniaxial tension to define cracking initiation and fracture energy, Ø biaxial failure tests aligned with Kupfer’s curve for Class B50 concrete to establish the plane stress failure envelope, Ø triaxial compression tests to evaluate confinement effects under combined hydrostatic and deviatoric stresses.
While a reduction in ductility was observed for reinforced beams—evidenced by a maximum strain of 4.79×10−54.79×10−5 for the non-reinforced beam, 4.07×10−54.07×10−5 for the internally reinforced beam, and 3.49×10−53.49×10−5 for the externally CFRP-reinforced beam—this corresponds to ductility reductions of 15% and 27% for internal and external reinforcement, respectively.
This corresponds to a 6% reduction in deflection for internal reinforcement and a 16% reduction for external CFRP bonding, confirming the latter’s superior efficacy in stiffness enhancement. 5.
Conversely, the internally embedded CFRP approach, while yielding a slightly lower strength increase of 34% and a 6% reduction in deflection, offers a more reliable load transfer mechanism that minimizes issues related to adhesive debonding, thereby improving ductility and long-term performance.

STUDY AREA AND DATA SOURCES A.
Data sources The information of wetland is extracted from the remote sensing images in three years:1983,1995 and 2007.The main data sources are Landsat(TM) data of less cloud cover with 30m spatial resolution.
All the images were geometrically corrected and transformed to a Universal Transverse Mercator(UTM) map projection.The mail assistant data are nationl land use databases at a spatial scale of 1:100,000.Land use classes of this database include arable land, woodland, grassland, water, constructed land, unused land and sea.
The yalu estuary wetland core patch fragmentation degree aggravating, large plaque area reduction led to the decrease of the diversity of habitats in the region, expanding of artificial wetland and the area of wetland landscape type, will result in the region's natural ecosystem to agricultural ecosystem.
Assessmentof environmental impacts of riverbasin developmenton the riverine forests of eastern Kenya usingmult-i temporal satellite data.International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2001,22:2701-2729 [5] Li S N, Wang G X, Deng W and Hu Y M. 2009.