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Online since: February 2012
Authors: Xing Hui Yang, Jian Xin Ren, Xing Mei Zhao, Ran Chen
SWT with adaptive threshold is adopted to analyze the actual dynamic MEMS gyroscope data.
At the same condition of wavelet-base and decomposition scale, the experiment dynamic data analytical result shows that SWT has better de-noise effect than traditional DWT and adaptive threshold is better than traditional threshold.
Experiments result and analysis Experiment data was derived from a dynamic MEMS gyroscope after 30m warm-up, all the output data is digital.
The data measured in poor experiment environment are processed in the following way.
Noise Reduction for Low-field Pulsed NMR Signal via Stationary Wavelet Transform.
At the same condition of wavelet-base and decomposition scale, the experiment dynamic data analytical result shows that SWT has better de-noise effect than traditional DWT and adaptive threshold is better than traditional threshold.
Experiments result and analysis Experiment data was derived from a dynamic MEMS gyroscope after 30m warm-up, all the output data is digital.
The data measured in poor experiment environment are processed in the following way.
Noise Reduction for Low-field Pulsed NMR Signal via Stationary Wavelet Transform.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Gang Gu, Ai Guo Wang, Chen Cheng Hu, Hai Chao Liang
Abstract: In this paper, to gradually comprehensive analyze the impact of coal exploration to vegetation growth, Chongqing Songzao Mining was selected as the study area, vegetation index changes of the past decade were analyzed from a macro perspective using three remote sensing data, and then species composition and community structure of different times collapse area was analyzed using microscopic samples investigate.
Fig. 1 The map of study area Vegetation Index Analysis In this study, the mine three periods Landsat-TM (30 m resolution) image data were used, and1999, 2004 and 2008 mines NDVI raster data were obtained using ERDAS remote sensing software.
Fig. 2 The map of vegetation index of three periods in damaged area Tab. 1 Three periods damaged area NDVI pixel number Year 0-0.1 0.1-0.2 0.2-0.3 0.3-0.4 0.4-0.5 0.5-0.6 1999 9677 32391 56067 31266 4257 24 2004 26312 45766 52857 8733 40 0 2008 720 3364 51211 70509 7848 52 Fig. 3 Comparison chart of the three periods damaged vegetation index pixels In order to further analyze damaged vegetation index changes during the decade, according to three vegetation index maps, using ArcGis software for computing analysis, 1999-2004, 2004-2008 and 1999-2008 NDVI difference value raster data in the damaged area were obtained, and then the difference raster data for each period was reclassified.
On the whole, during the ten-year period, in Songzao mines northeast, land damage extent had been moderate and severe and vegetation index had showed a decreasing trend, while in the central and southern mines, land destruction had been moderate, and severe damage, and the reduction of vegetation index had accounted for a small proportion and the vegetation index showed an increasing trend, and in land serious damage area, the vegetation index was increased based.
Tab. 2 The impact of coal mining to the community characteristics in Songzao Mined Time Numbers of plots Number of samples Richness index Average coverage Growth conditions 1992-1993 3 60 Arbor 22.5 Bush 35.3 Herbs 8.5 92% Good 1997-1998 9 180 Arbor 21.7 Bush 38.9 Herbs 9.5 94% Good 2002-2003 8 160 Arbor 26.7 Bush 31.3 Herbs 7.2 93% Good 2007-2008 7 140 Arbor 26.8 Bush 32.5 Herbs 7.5 93% Good Conclusion Using the remote sensing data, through macro analysis of subsidence area vegetation cover in different periods and the microscopic investigation of the species composition and community characteristics, this paper studied the effect of subsidence on vegetation growth in Songzao mining, the mainly conclusions are as follows: 1) It can be inferred from the macro that the short term coal mining in Songzao will impact on the growth of vegetation, but with the surface gradually stabilized, this effect gradually disappeared, and vegetation can recovery well in the absence of human
Fig. 1 The map of study area Vegetation Index Analysis In this study, the mine three periods Landsat-TM (30 m resolution) image data were used, and1999, 2004 and 2008 mines NDVI raster data were obtained using ERDAS remote sensing software.
Fig. 2 The map of vegetation index of three periods in damaged area Tab. 1 Three periods damaged area NDVI pixel number Year 0-0.1 0.1-0.2 0.2-0.3 0.3-0.4 0.4-0.5 0.5-0.6 1999 9677 32391 56067 31266 4257 24 2004 26312 45766 52857 8733 40 0 2008 720 3364 51211 70509 7848 52 Fig. 3 Comparison chart of the three periods damaged vegetation index pixels In order to further analyze damaged vegetation index changes during the decade, according to three vegetation index maps, using ArcGis software for computing analysis, 1999-2004, 2004-2008 and 1999-2008 NDVI difference value raster data in the damaged area were obtained, and then the difference raster data for each period was reclassified.
On the whole, during the ten-year period, in Songzao mines northeast, land damage extent had been moderate and severe and vegetation index had showed a decreasing trend, while in the central and southern mines, land destruction had been moderate, and severe damage, and the reduction of vegetation index had accounted for a small proportion and the vegetation index showed an increasing trend, and in land serious damage area, the vegetation index was increased based.
Tab. 2 The impact of coal mining to the community characteristics in Songzao Mined Time Numbers of plots Number of samples Richness index Average coverage Growth conditions 1992-1993 3 60 Arbor 22.5 Bush 35.3 Herbs 8.5 92% Good 1997-1998 9 180 Arbor 21.7 Bush 38.9 Herbs 9.5 94% Good 2002-2003 8 160 Arbor 26.7 Bush 31.3 Herbs 7.2 93% Good 2007-2008 7 140 Arbor 26.8 Bush 32.5 Herbs 7.5 93% Good Conclusion Using the remote sensing data, through macro analysis of subsidence area vegetation cover in different periods and the microscopic investigation of the species composition and community characteristics, this paper studied the effect of subsidence on vegetation growth in Songzao mining, the mainly conclusions are as follows: 1) It can be inferred from the macro that the short term coal mining in Songzao will impact on the growth of vegetation, but with the surface gradually stabilized, this effect gradually disappeared, and vegetation can recovery well in the absence of human
Online since: April 2012
Authors: Roger D. Doherty
Mullins fitted Hull’s data to give the size distribution, P(r):
P(r) = 1.14 exp [ - 4.589 (ln r) 2].
However, the data of Rhines and Craig [15] suggest that at least some grains do have a number of faces approaching the required value of µ = 41.
This result can be seen to be indicated, within the scatter band of data, by extrapolation to f = 0.5 (log f = -0.3) in Fig. 4.
The value of µ was obtained from the data of Rhines and Craig.
Hull’s data, from Eqs. 2 and 3, gives, however, µ = 11.
However, the data of Rhines and Craig [15] suggest that at least some grains do have a number of faces approaching the required value of µ = 41.
This result can be seen to be indicated, within the scatter band of data, by extrapolation to f = 0.5 (log f = -0.3) in Fig. 4.
The value of µ was obtained from the data of Rhines and Craig.
Hull’s data, from Eqs. 2 and 3, gives, however, µ = 11.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: S.M. Sapuan, Faizal Mustapha, K.D. Mohd Aris, Dayang Laila Abang Abdul Majid
One hundred data sets were recorded for the undamaged, damage and repair condition.
The principles were 1) Operational Evaluation, 2) Data Acquisition & Cleansing, 3) Feature Extraction & Data Reduction and 4) Statistical Model Development or Prognosis [11].
By using Sigmaplot software each data sets were plotted and overlaid on each other.
From the 25000 points, it was then grouped to 1000 intervals data set for analysis.
By judgment, the first group of the spike was concerned and the data packet was zoomed again in 500 data intervals.
The principles were 1) Operational Evaluation, 2) Data Acquisition & Cleansing, 3) Feature Extraction & Data Reduction and 4) Statistical Model Development or Prognosis [11].
By using Sigmaplot software each data sets were plotted and overlaid on each other.
From the 25000 points, it was then grouped to 1000 intervals data set for analysis.
By judgment, the first group of the spike was concerned and the data packet was zoomed again in 500 data intervals.
Online since: April 2011
Authors: Norihiro Nishio, Yuki Deguchi, Takahiro Sugiyama, Yoichi Takebayashi
A cameraman in a compact studio has to operate many cameras because of staff reduction.
Firstly, the system moves the camera using 3D position data.
Controlling with 3D position data.
As shown in Figure 1, the subject and the cameras provide 3D position data.
Fig.1 3D position data.
Firstly, the system moves the camera using 3D position data.
Controlling with 3D position data.
As shown in Figure 1, the subject and the cameras provide 3D position data.
Fig.1 3D position data.
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Xiao Hua Yuan
The thermal data cannot be obtained in real time.
Fiber grating demodulator for fiber grating temperature sensor signal monitoring and data processing to obtain the measurement results, the transmission fiber for transmitting the optical signal, the fiber Bragg grating sensor for reflecting the narrowband light of the wavelength varies with temperature center.
The stability of the heating power of the contact after power, measured the temperature in the contact temperature reduction process, with a resolution of 1 ° C mercury thermometer for measuring the temperature standard temperature, while recording the measured temperature of the fiber grating sensor.
The data of the experimental results shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Experimental data℃ Standard temperature Measured temperature Systematic errors Standard temperature Measured temperature Systematic errors 62 61.4 -0.6 42 41.6 -0.4 60 59.6 -0.4 40 40.3 0.3 58 58.2 0.2 38 37.5 -0.5 56 57 1.0 36 35.2 -0.8 54 54.3 0.3 34 33.8 -0.2 52 53.2 1.2 32 32.5 0.5 50 50.4 0.4 30 29.7 -0.3 48 47.3 -0.7 28 27.2 -0.8 46 46.3 0.3 26 25.4 -0.6 44 44.2 0.2 24 22.9 -1.1 Conclusion Fiber grating sensors, while taking advantage of advanced digital fiber grating signal processor to resolve tune technology, and large-capacity signal acquisition and processing real-time online and self-test function monitoring computer user configuration screen.
Fiber grating demodulator for fiber grating temperature sensor signal monitoring and data processing to obtain the measurement results, the transmission fiber for transmitting the optical signal, the fiber Bragg grating sensor for reflecting the narrowband light of the wavelength varies with temperature center.
The stability of the heating power of the contact after power, measured the temperature in the contact temperature reduction process, with a resolution of 1 ° C mercury thermometer for measuring the temperature standard temperature, while recording the measured temperature of the fiber grating sensor.
The data of the experimental results shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Experimental data℃ Standard temperature Measured temperature Systematic errors Standard temperature Measured temperature Systematic errors 62 61.4 -0.6 42 41.6 -0.4 60 59.6 -0.4 40 40.3 0.3 58 58.2 0.2 38 37.5 -0.5 56 57 1.0 36 35.2 -0.8 54 54.3 0.3 34 33.8 -0.2 52 53.2 1.2 32 32.5 0.5 50 50.4 0.4 30 29.7 -0.3 48 47.3 -0.7 28 27.2 -0.8 46 46.3 0.3 26 25.4 -0.6 44 44.2 0.2 24 22.9 -1.1 Conclusion Fiber grating sensors, while taking advantage of advanced digital fiber grating signal processor to resolve tune technology, and large-capacity signal acquisition and processing real-time online and self-test function monitoring computer user configuration screen.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Gao Tang Cai, Su Juan Hu
Introduction
In tunnel safety monitoring, analysis and processing of tunnel deformation monitoring data is very significant..
Least squares support vector machine (LS - SVM) is an extension of a standard support vector machine, which is different from the conventional method using equality constraints, LS-SVM can convert the SVM quadratic programming problem into solving linear equations ,not only makes a significant reduction in the workload, but also improves the computing speed.
Given the data set , consider the regression model: (1) (2) (3) where is slack variable of error, is constant deviation and is referred as the regularization constant.
Markov chains can furtherly correct data which LS-SVM treated, thereby improving the accuracy and effectiveness.
[6] Huteng Bo, YE Jian Castanopsis, Markov chain model in GIS data prediction [j].
Least squares support vector machine (LS - SVM) is an extension of a standard support vector machine, which is different from the conventional method using equality constraints, LS-SVM can convert the SVM quadratic programming problem into solving linear equations ,not only makes a significant reduction in the workload, but also improves the computing speed.
Given the data set , consider the regression model: (1) (2) (3) where is slack variable of error, is constant deviation and is referred as the regularization constant.
Markov chains can furtherly correct data which LS-SVM treated, thereby improving the accuracy and effectiveness.
[6] Huteng Bo, YE Jian Castanopsis, Markov chain model in GIS data prediction [j].
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Jian Zhang
Introduction
The evaporative cooling conditioning technology is a kind of air conditioning technology which can adapt to the back of energy saving and emission reduction, in the condition of the difference of natural environment air dry ball temperature and wet ball temperature, it uses water as its refrigerant to gain cooling capacity through the exchange of heat and moisture between water and air, meanwhile, it can also reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and CFCs, is an environmental friendly and economical cooling method[1,2,3,4].The climate in LanZhou is belong to arid area,in summer it has high dry ball temperature and low wet ball temperature ,in addition, the temperature difference between day and night is large.
Parameter name Quantity Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Rated air flow Face velocity Filler thickness Pouring water Pump power Dimensions:L×W×H Fan rated speed Fan power Windward area Fill pipes Overflow pipes Drains 10000 2.9 300 0.56 0.37 4090×1100×1700 1129 5.5 800X1200 DN15 DN20 DN25 m3/h m/s mm kg/s kW mm× mm× mm rpm kW mm× mm mm mm mm Experimental results Experiments to test the following data, direct evaporative cooling conditioner inlet air dry ball temperature t1, wet ball temperature ts, relative humidity ψ1; Air conditioner export air dry ball temperature t2, relative humidity ψ2, etc.
Through collating the data that tested in direct evaporative air conditioner experiment, could list out the relationship of the data changes of the day.
Fig.1 The time varying curve of the entrance temperature and exit temperature Fig.2 The time varying curve of the entrance relative humidity exports relative humidity Analysis of the test results Cooling efficiency can be used to measure perfection degree of heat and moisture exchange in the direct evaporative cooling air conditioner, it is defined as: the ratio of inlet and outlet air dry ball temperature difference and inlet air dry and wet ball temperature difference [5], the formula is as follows: (1) (2) Wherein:η——The cooling efficiency of the air conditioner,%; t1——Inlet air dry ball temperature, ℃; t2——Outlet air dry ball temperature, ℃; ts——Inlet air wet ball temperature, ℃; ——Temperature drop, ℃; Through the collation of data on the day, can be seen from Figure 1, in the interval from 12:00 to 18:30 there exists higher inlet air dry ball temperature and obviously increased temperature drop range, but
Parameter name Quantity Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Rated air flow Face velocity Filler thickness Pouring water Pump power Dimensions:L×W×H Fan rated speed Fan power Windward area Fill pipes Overflow pipes Drains 10000 2.9 300 0.56 0.37 4090×1100×1700 1129 5.5 800X1200 DN15 DN20 DN25 m3/h m/s mm kg/s kW mm× mm× mm rpm kW mm× mm mm mm mm Experimental results Experiments to test the following data, direct evaporative cooling conditioner inlet air dry ball temperature t1, wet ball temperature ts, relative humidity ψ1; Air conditioner export air dry ball temperature t2, relative humidity ψ2, etc.
Through collating the data that tested in direct evaporative air conditioner experiment, could list out the relationship of the data changes of the day.
Fig.1 The time varying curve of the entrance temperature and exit temperature Fig.2 The time varying curve of the entrance relative humidity exports relative humidity Analysis of the test results Cooling efficiency can be used to measure perfection degree of heat and moisture exchange in the direct evaporative cooling air conditioner, it is defined as: the ratio of inlet and outlet air dry ball temperature difference and inlet air dry and wet ball temperature difference [5], the formula is as follows: (1) (2) Wherein:η——The cooling efficiency of the air conditioner,%; t1——Inlet air dry ball temperature, ℃; t2——Outlet air dry ball temperature, ℃; ts——Inlet air wet ball temperature, ℃; ——Temperature drop, ℃; Through the collation of data on the day, can be seen from Figure 1, in the interval from 12:00 to 18:30 there exists higher inlet air dry ball temperature and obviously increased temperature drop range, but
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Qiang Zhao, Tian Xia, Ji Gao
Dry cutting technology considering the environmental pollution and harm worker for using cutting fluids and reduction of resources and energy consumption is a very promising green processing technology, static cooling dry cutting is one.
Nozzle Table 1 Turning titanium alloy TC11 cutting dosages cutting species Cutting parameters Tool materials Tool brand [mm] [mm/r] [m/min] finishing 0.1-0.8 0.05-0.15 50-100 KC5510 Kennametal Half finishing 0.5-1.5 0.1-0.3 30-80 KC5510 roughing 2 0.11 25 YG8 domestic 3 0.3 20 YD15 Experimental data analysis cutting titanium alloy TC11 Specimens: TC11 Tool: Rough machining YG8, Finishing and Half finishing Kennametal Instruments and Equipment: The lathe CAK6150C YDC - 89 type three to force measurement instrument, TR200 type handheld roughness piezoelectric turning is realized, static cooling device.
Experimental data in Table2.
Through the tests, the cutting force data under routine cutting condition and static cooling cutting conditions was obtained by using force measurement instrument, which is shown in Table 3 and 4 and Fig.2.
Table 2 TC11 cutting test data tables Number [mm] [m/min] [mm/rev] 1 0.1 66.67 0.0722 2 0.1778 88.89 0.1056 3 0.2556 50.0 0.1389 4 0.3333 72.22 0.05 5 0.4111 94.44 0.0833 6 0.4889 55.56 0.1167 =0.1mm,=66.67m/min, f=0.0722mm/r =0.1778mm,=88.89m/min, f=0.1056mm/r =0.2556mm,=50m/min, f=0.1389mm/r =0.3333mm,=72.22m/min, f=0.05mm/r =0.4111mm,=94.44m/min, f=0.0833mm/r =0.4889mm,=55.56m/min,f=0.1167mm/r Fig.2 Two conditions of cutting force contrast diagram Table 3 Two conditions cutting force [mm] [m/min] [mm/r] Electrostatic FZ [N] Conventional FZ [N] 0.1 66.67 0.0722 30.4 37.4 0.1778 88.89 0.1056 56.3 71.3 0.2556 50.0 0.1389 62.8 76.8 0.3333 72.22 0.05 81.2 111.3 0.4111 94.44 0.0833 130.8 153.8 0.4889 55.56 0.1167 120 152.4 Table 4 Two working conditions of surface roughness [mm] [m/min] [mm/r] Electrostatic
Nozzle Table 1 Turning titanium alloy TC11 cutting dosages cutting species Cutting parameters Tool materials Tool brand [mm] [mm/r] [m/min] finishing 0.1-0.8 0.05-0.15 50-100 KC5510 Kennametal Half finishing 0.5-1.5 0.1-0.3 30-80 KC5510 roughing 2 0.11 25 YG8 domestic 3 0.3 20 YD15 Experimental data analysis cutting titanium alloy TC11 Specimens: TC11 Tool: Rough machining YG8, Finishing and Half finishing Kennametal Instruments and Equipment: The lathe CAK6150C YDC - 89 type three to force measurement instrument, TR200 type handheld roughness piezoelectric turning is realized, static cooling device.
Experimental data in Table2.
Through the tests, the cutting force data under routine cutting condition and static cooling cutting conditions was obtained by using force measurement instrument, which is shown in Table 3 and 4 and Fig.2.
Table 2 TC11 cutting test data tables Number [mm] [m/min] [mm/rev] 1 0.1 66.67 0.0722 2 0.1778 88.89 0.1056 3 0.2556 50.0 0.1389 4 0.3333 72.22 0.05 5 0.4111 94.44 0.0833 6 0.4889 55.56 0.1167 =0.1mm,=66.67m/min, f=0.0722mm/r =0.1778mm,=88.89m/min, f=0.1056mm/r =0.2556mm,=50m/min, f=0.1389mm/r =0.3333mm,=72.22m/min, f=0.05mm/r =0.4111mm,=94.44m/min, f=0.0833mm/r =0.4889mm,=55.56m/min,f=0.1167mm/r Fig.2 Two conditions of cutting force contrast diagram Table 3 Two conditions cutting force [mm] [m/min] [mm/r] Electrostatic FZ [N] Conventional FZ [N] 0.1 66.67 0.0722 30.4 37.4 0.1778 88.89 0.1056 56.3 71.3 0.2556 50.0 0.1389 62.8 76.8 0.3333 72.22 0.05 81.2 111.3 0.4111 94.44 0.0833 130.8 153.8 0.4889 55.56 0.1167 120 152.4 Table 4 Two working conditions of surface roughness [mm] [m/min] [mm/r] Electrostatic
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Jian Zhang
The evaporative cooling conditioning technology is a kind of air conditioning technology which can adapt to the back of energy saving and emission reduction, in the condition of the difference of natural environment air dry ball temperature and wet ball temperature, it uses water as its refrigerant to gain cooling capacity through the exchange of heat and moisture between water and air, meanwhile, it can also reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and CFCs, is an environmental friendly and economical cooling method[1,2,3,4].The climate is belong to arid area in Northwest China,in summer it has high dry ball temperature and low wet ball temperature ,in addition, the temperature difference between day and night is large.
Parameter name Quantity Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Rated air flow Face velocity Filler thickness Pouring water Pump power Dimensions:L×W×H Fan rated speed Fan power Windward area 10000 2.9 300 0.56 0.37 4090×1100×1700 1129 5.5 800X1200 m3/h m/s mm kg/s kW mm× mm× mm rpm kW mm× mm Fig.1 The Sketch map of experimental device Experimental results Experiments to test the following data, direct evaporative cooling conditioner inlet air dry ball temperature t1, wet ball temperature ts, relative humidity ψ1; Air conditioner export air dry ball temperature t2, relative humidity ψ2, etc.
Through collating the data that tested in direct evaporative air conditioner experiment, could list out the relationship of the data changes of the day.
Fig.2 The time varying curve of the entrance temperature and exit temperature Fig.3 The time varying curve of the entrance relative humidity exports relative humidity Analysis of the test results Cooling efficiency can be used to measure perfection degree of heat and moisture exchange in the direct evaporative cooling air conditioner, it is defined as: the ratio of inlet and outlet air dry ball temperature difference and inlet air dry and wet ball temperature difference, the formula is as follows: (1) (2) Wherein:η——The cooling efficiency of the air conditioner,%; t1——Inlet air dry ball temperature, ℃; t2——Outlet air dry ball temperature, ℃; ts——Inlet air wet ball temperature, ℃; ——Temperature drop, ℃; Through the collation of data on August 31, can be seen from Figure 2, in the interval from 12:00 to 18:30 there exists higher inlet air dry ball temperature and obviously increased temperature
Parameter name Quantity Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Rated air flow Face velocity Filler thickness Pouring water Pump power Dimensions:L×W×H Fan rated speed Fan power Windward area 10000 2.9 300 0.56 0.37 4090×1100×1700 1129 5.5 800X1200 m3/h m/s mm kg/s kW mm× mm× mm rpm kW mm× mm Fig.1 The Sketch map of experimental device Experimental results Experiments to test the following data, direct evaporative cooling conditioner inlet air dry ball temperature t1, wet ball temperature ts, relative humidity ψ1; Air conditioner export air dry ball temperature t2, relative humidity ψ2, etc.
Through collating the data that tested in direct evaporative air conditioner experiment, could list out the relationship of the data changes of the day.
Fig.2 The time varying curve of the entrance temperature and exit temperature Fig.3 The time varying curve of the entrance relative humidity exports relative humidity Analysis of the test results Cooling efficiency can be used to measure perfection degree of heat and moisture exchange in the direct evaporative cooling air conditioner, it is defined as: the ratio of inlet and outlet air dry ball temperature difference and inlet air dry and wet ball temperature difference, the formula is as follows: (1) (2) Wherein:η——The cooling efficiency of the air conditioner,%; t1——Inlet air dry ball temperature, ℃; t2——Outlet air dry ball temperature, ℃; ts——Inlet air wet ball temperature, ℃; ——Temperature drop, ℃; Through the collation of data on August 31, can be seen from Figure 2, in the interval from 12:00 to 18:30 there exists higher inlet air dry ball temperature and obviously increased temperature