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A survey will be carried out on various parameters and the data collected will be demonstrated at the end of the study.
Transportation surveys UTHM has provided 400 bicycles for the students to use around the campus as to encourage the reduction of carbon emissions within its campus.

Using methods of the catastrophe theory, we investigate the effect of small changes in the initial data on the results of the calculation.
Therefore, in Fe-Ni invar, a small change of the initial data only smears the discontinuous jump into a smooth curve with an inflexion.
Each particular set of data yields its own solution to the system of nonlinear integro-differential equations of the DSFT.
Even in the case of Fe and Fe-Ni invar, reasonable change of the initial data and/or the system of equations can either remove or at least reduce considerably the effect of the instability.
We expect that the reduction of the sharp increase in the fluctuations will allow not only to eliminate the instability of the solution but also, what is more important, will allow to improve the agreement with the experiment at high temperatures.

CFD Simulation and Computation of Pressure Loss of Resistance Muffler Jiawei Ren 1, a, Qinyu Jiang1, b and Zhen Wang*1, c 1College of Mechanical Engineering,Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622, China arenjiawei005@163.com, bwangzhen@dlu.edu.cn, cwangzhen@dlu.edu.cn *Corresponding Author: Zhen Wang Keywords: resistance muffler; computational fluid dynamics; pressure loss; numerical simulation Abstract: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software was used to simulate the internal flow field of an example muffler, and compared the results with the experimental data, verifying the reliability of the simulation algorithm.
While the noise reduction, muffler also has some requirements on aerodynamic performance: the pressure loss of the muffler must be controlled within the allowable range.
Simulation of the example muffler In order to verify the reliability of the simulation algorithm, the CFD software Fluent was used to simulate the internal flow field of an example muffler, and compared the results of software simulation with the experimental data, paved the way to using Fluent software to simulate different structural mufflers.
Tab.2 Experimental data compared with the results of numerical simulation Intake air temperature （℃） Intake air velocity （m/s） Measured pressure loss（Pa） Fluent calculated pressure loss （Pa） Relative error 38 5.4 98 103 5.1% 39 13 580 608 4.8% 41 20 1495 1566 4.7% 43 33 4012 4186 4.3% Pressure loss calculation and analysis of the different structure muffler On the basis of verifying the reliability of the simulation algorithm, several structure changes have been done to the example muffler in order to research the pressure loss which influenced by the insert duct, the position of the baffle and the inlet air velocity.
Compared the results of software simulation with the experimental data.

A good correlation is observed between the predictive values and the experimental data.
A good correlation is observed between the predictive values and the experimental data.
Table 2 Material properties of H13 steel at room temperature Density [kg/m3] Young’s Modulus [GPa] Hardness [HRc] Yield strength [MPa] Area reduction [%] Thermal conductivity [W/m·K] 7800 210 50±1 1579 23.0 25.6 Four cutting parameters (cutting speed vc, feed per tooth fz, radial depth of cut ae, and axial depth of cut ap) were selected as independent factors, and the ranges of four cutting parameters were determined according to the finish milling condition of H13 steel.
Form Table 5, it can be observed that the error between the model predictions and the experimental results range from 2.47% to 8.23%, which indicate that there is a good correlation between the model predictions and the validation experimental data.
A good correlation is observed between the predictive values and the experimental data.

Data were taken for a period of 48 weeks and ANN was applied to predict and generate a model that shows how these factors relate to the scour depth of the riverbed.
The onsite data collected gave the actual scenario that occurs at the pier being considered.
The vertical profile of the riverbed was plotted from the data collected using the instrument.
The data used for the ANN model predictions and predictions obtained from the model of [8, 21-24] are reported in Table 2.
This will also result in the reduction of the flow velocity.

Also real time data of seven unit system at Madurai are simulated Simulation results are compared with the solutions obtained from a traditional UC problem.
This record could be kept by using almost any data structure that implements linked lists.
In addition, more user friendly I/o routines were added to make it easier to load input data and to export results.
Here forecasted demand, forecasted spot and reserve price are important input data.
All datas are given in Appendix.

The reduction process was performed for three cycles to synthesise new IPMC [6].
Reduction is initiated by the reducing agents and the metals get reduced form their state.
After metal reduction, it gets deposited as layers on the surface and at the sides of the membrane.
· Surface electroding This process is mainly done for reduction of resistivity at the surface of the membrane.
The different execution parameters of IPMCs are data transmission, work thickness, effectiveness, elasticity modulus, and so forth.

Regression analysis was used to derive a line representing the data, with the slope indicating sorptivity in mm/s^0.5.
All test specimens under flood conditions experienced a reduction in compressive strength, with higher replacement levels showing lesser reductions compared to lower replacement levels.
Specifically, the reduction in compressive strength for 0%, 10%, and 20% WBBP replaced sandcrete blocks was 54.8%, 26.1%, and 13.6%, respectively.
This strength reduction can be attributed to moisture's detrimental effects on the bonding matrix, leading to internal deterioration and material weakening.
Burnt bricks and sandcrete blocks with higher replacement levels experience a lesser reduction in compressive strength compared to the control.

The analytical results is compared to manufacturer’s data and differences of not more than 3.37% is recorded.
However, there is a lack of data on several properties that required in the design of CFS structure with lateral instability.
From Table 1, the provided data from local company, KS is closed to the calculated section properties using effective width method.
Comparison between experimental results and data from KS Experimental Results KS Max.
The comparison between manufacturer’s data and analytical results based on BS EN1993-1-3 shows the difference of not more than 3.37%.

Experimental data Microstructure.
For comparison, data for quenched state, ECAP [9, 10] and HPT techniques after annealing are given, as well.
These data demonstrate that the TiNi alloy in NC state processed by EPR and a subsequent annealing has higher US, YS that in CC and SMC states.
Experimental data show that deformability with current raises not only for CC but for SMC state also [11].
Data in table 2 show that structure refinement of alloy TiNi by deformation methods leads to sharp reduction of plasticity.