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Email xiongyan1980@hotmail.com Keywords: Black zirconia ceramics; Microstructures; Chroma; Mechanical properties Abstract: A novel perovskite-structured black pigment with the chemical formula of (La1-xCax)(Cr1-yAly)O3 was synthesized for the fabrication of black aesthetic zirconia ceramics.
Then the perovskite-structured black pigment was synthesized by drying the slurry and calcining at 1200 °C in a muffle furnace for 1 h.
Summary A novel perovskite-structured black pigment with the chemical formula of (La1-xCax)(Cr1-yAly)O3 was synthesized for the fabrication of black aesthetic zirconia ceramics.
Swain, The structure and properties of ceramic, J.
Journal of Soild State Chemistry. 178 (2005) 106-113

Synthesis and Characterization of 3-Difluoroaminomethyl-3-methyl Oxetane and Its Homopolymer Li Huan1,a, Pan Renming2,b*, Wang Wanjun3,c, Zhang Luyao4,d 1,2Chemical Engineering School, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China 3Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China 4Gansu Yinguang Chemical Industry Group Co.
The structure of PDFAMO was characterized by 1H and 19F NMR.
Affected by the unstable structures, difluoroamino compounds have not been practically use until 1980th, while Chapman et al [2] found the similar cyclic structure with cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) or cyclotetramethylenetetranitroamine (HMX) to keep difluoroamino group stable.
This phenomenon could be due to the strong acidity of these Lewis acids which induced the dissociation of fluorine and reduced the structure stability of difluoroamino groups.

The structure of the prepared oxygen carrier was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an X-ray diffractometer (XRD).
Fig. 1b shows the SEM images of Fe2O3/Al2O3 and Fe2O3/Coal-Ash, in which the Fe2O3/Coal-Ash prepared using 10 wt.% corn starch has loose porous structure and hence larger effective reaction area than other OCs.
Fig. 2b further discussed the activity of inorganic membrane structure OC with corn starch content of 10 wt.%, 20 wt.%, and 30 wt.%, respectively.
The structure of the prepared oxygen carrier was characterized by SEM and XRD.
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 35(1996): 2469-2472

The ER particles and abrasive particles suspended in silicone oil are polarized in which ER particles strongly attract each other and aggregate into chain like structure along the electric field lines, and the abrasive particles may adhere to the ER chain.
ER fluid-assisted polishing is a new machining method combined the theory of electric field, fluid dynamics and analytical chemistry [5].
Fig1.Mechanism of ERP When the electric is applied, the ER particles are dielectrically polarized and aggregate into chain like structure aligned in the electric field direction, and the abrasives may adhere to the ER chain.
The starch particles surrounding the abrasive particles form a chain-like structure and give bonding strength to the embedded abrasive particles.
Therefore, the ER particle aggregate into chain like structure aligned in the electric field direction.

The structure and performance of composite phase material are characterized using SEM, FI-IR and synthesized thermal analyzer DSC.
Diatomite is a kind of amorphous siliceous mineral with porous structure.
The structure and properties of composite phase material prepared are characterized using SEM, FI-IR and synthesized thermal analyzer DSC.
(1) (2) (3) (4) Fig.1 SEM of raw diatomite (1), diatomite modified (2), composite phase materials × 600(3), composite phase materials ×2000(4) Figure 1 shows that organized and uniformly distributed pore structure are present after calcining with the structure of diatomite is preserved.
(Chemistry Industry Press, China 2006, p.1) (In Chinese) [18] S.L.

The chemical phase analysis carried out by X-ray powder diffraction method confirms the major phase of Cu-Zn ferrite structure.
The ternary phase diagram in this ternary oxide system (CuO-ZnO-Fe2O4 ) shows that the phase boundaries are shifted slightly with temperature and adjust the trivalent and divalent metal ions in their respective site to form a spinal structure.
In all the samples the morphology of maximum grain structure as seen from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) consist of cellular type grains size varying from 5 to 10 µm and confirm the formation of Cu Zn ferrite structure.
Fig. 4 (a, b, c, d) shows Scanning Electron micrographs of Cu-Zn ferrite system for x = 0.66, 0.77, 0.88, 0.99 Conclusions Structural analysis with XRD indicates that the system confirms the formation of Cu-Zn ferrite structure with lattice content decreases linearly to the Cu content, x due to the difference in ionic radius.
R.Lide, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 76 thed., CRC Press,London, (1995)

In order to determine whether the cellulose I has been transformed into cellulose II, the solubility, structure, crystallinty and thermal stability of the extrude cellulose were investigated by polarizing Optical microscope, FTIR, XRD and TGA, respectively.
The XRD results indicate that the crystalline structure of regenerated cellulose through the extrusion process in attend of ionic liquid is mostly disrupted.
Moreover, the existence of non-crystalline structures in the material can be assumed by the appearance of the broad diffraction peaks in the range of 15-19°.
In addition the new peak which was appeared at 20.18, characteristic of cellulose-II crystalline structure.
[7] Zhu, S.D., et al.Green Chemistry, 2006. 8(4): p. 325-327

A macro-integration measurement was used to study the thermoelectric properties of a superimposed layer of Bi2Te3/PAA structure.
The influences of wire diameter, area fraction of wires and interface thermal resistance in the sandwich structure on the measurement accuracy of Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity of Bi2Te3/Al2O3 system were discussed.
A practical macro-integration measurement system has been introduced to evaluate the thermoelectric properties of the superimposed layer of Bi2Te3/PAA structure.
[8] Jingchen Zeng, Luo Qing, and Yuzhang Tang: The Properties of Physics and Chemistry of Complex Materials, National University of Defense Technology Publish (1998), p.19-29

The structure of the film was characterized by FT-IR,and the water tolerance, viscosity, and light transmission rate of composite membrane were tested.
Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology, A: Chemistry, 2008,193(1): 10-17

Vanadium Redox Battery System and Its Energy Storage Application in Wind Farm Chunyan Kong1, a,Shaofeng Wu2, b, Ying Sun2, c and Kejun Li2,d 1Department of Chemistry, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China 2School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China aemail: chunyankong@163.com, bemail: wushaofeng1988@163.com, cemail : sy@sdu.edu.cn, demail : lkjun@sdu.edu.cn Keywords: Energy storage; Flow battery; Wind farm; Power control Abstract.
This paper is mainly introducing about the work principle, characteristics and structure of the VRB system.
Fig.1 The principle of redox flow energy storage battery Fig.2 Wind farm system with VESS The Structure and Principle of VRB System.
VRB Control System System Structure of Wind Farm with VRB.
The system structure of wind farm with VRB is as shown in Fig.2.