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Online since: August 2016
Authors: Jiří Zach, Martina Reif
Recycled concrete appears ideal compared with traditional dense aggregate as it has a relatively high number of small pores and its grains are rather coarse.
The amount of cement and water was adjusted so that the cement mortar enveloped the aggregate particles but did not fill the open structure and grains were connected in points.
The primary requirement for the design of a sound absorbing material is for the material to have as high a number of pores as possible and also for pore distribution to correspond to the requirements for acoustic performance of the material at specific frequency intervals [5].
[8] Keith Attenborough, Acoustical characteristics of porous materials, Physics Reports, Volume 82, Issue 3, February 1982, Pages 179-227, DOI:10.1016/0370-1573(82)90131-4 [9] Cops, A.; Myncke, H., Determination of Sound Absorption Coefficients Using a Tone-Burst Technique, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, Volume 29, Number 5, 1 November 1973, pp. 287-296(10) [10] Charles L.
The amount of cement and water was adjusted so that the cement mortar enveloped the aggregate particles but did not fill the open structure and grains were connected in points.
The primary requirement for the design of a sound absorbing material is for the material to have as high a number of pores as possible and also for pore distribution to correspond to the requirements for acoustic performance of the material at specific frequency intervals [5].
[8] Keith Attenborough, Acoustical characteristics of porous materials, Physics Reports, Volume 82, Issue 3, February 1982, Pages 179-227, DOI:10.1016/0370-1573(82)90131-4 [9] Cops, A.; Myncke, H., Determination of Sound Absorption Coefficients Using a Tone-Burst Technique, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, Volume 29, Number 5, 1 November 1973, pp. 287-296(10) [10] Charles L.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Fu Hai Li, Jin Liang Gao, Gu Hua Li, Chuan Yu
Manufactured sand closely stacked test and analysis result
The test of the most closely stacked manufactured sand references the research method of without combined with material skeleton and close-grained aggregate which is invented byYin-ming Xu[4].
Each grain of manufactured sand is filled test according to the biggest unit weight.
Table 2 Samples total more than screen and the technical specification Number Accumulate(%) Tight pile of density(kg/m3) Tight pile of air void(%) Mx Screen size(mm) 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 P1 5 7 16 36 62 95 100 1720 36.0 2.0 P2 5 9 25 51 68 95 100 1720 35.4 2.4 P3 5 12 37 52 76 95 100 1800 32.6 2.6 P4 5 17 24 52 72 95 100 1770 33.8 2.5 P5 5 19 37 53 81 95 100 1810 32.5 2.7 P6 5 20 44 64 83 95 100 1810 32.6 3.0 P7 5 27 38 54 86 95 100 1820 32.0 2.9 P8 5 28 45 64 87 95 100 1840 31.3 3.1 P9 5 28 51 77 90 95 100 1830 31.6 3.3 Z1 5 12.5 30 55.5 81 95 100 1780 33.7 2.6 M1 0 30 56 73 84 90 98 1860 30.6 3.4 H1 5 15 31 55 84 96 100 1770 32.5 2.6 Note:Z1 is median grading in 2 region; M1 is grading of the most closely stacked manufactured sand;H1 is river sand grading.
Table 3 Workability influenced by manufactured sand grading Number Slumps(mm) shape workability cohesive Water retaining P1 55 near-zero common good P2 65 shear common bad P3 85 shear bad bad P4 75 shear bad bad P5 100 shear bad bad P6 120 shear bad bad P7 125 shear bad bad P8 145 normal common common P9 160 normal common common Z1 160 normal sticky good M1 110 collapse very bad bad H1 175 normal sticky good Note: concrete mix proportion (W:C:S:G=171:342:814:1123); Mixing content of water reducing agent is 1% of the plaster.
Table 4 Physical indexes of good and bad grading curves Projects Number Tight pile of air void(%) Tight pile of density (kg/m3) Mx Good grading P8 31.3 1840 3.1 P9 31.6 1830 3.3 Z1 33.7 1780 2.6 H1 32.5 1770 2.6 Bad grading P1 36.0 1720 2.0 P2 35.4 1720 2.4 M1 30.6 1860 3.4 It is can be seen that air void and fineness modulus also have certain difference with the change of grading.
Each grain of manufactured sand is filled test according to the biggest unit weight.
Table 2 Samples total more than screen and the technical specification Number Accumulate(%) Tight pile of density(kg/m3) Tight pile of air void(%) Mx Screen size(mm) 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 P1 5 7 16 36 62 95 100 1720 36.0 2.0 P2 5 9 25 51 68 95 100 1720 35.4 2.4 P3 5 12 37 52 76 95 100 1800 32.6 2.6 P4 5 17 24 52 72 95 100 1770 33.8 2.5 P5 5 19 37 53 81 95 100 1810 32.5 2.7 P6 5 20 44 64 83 95 100 1810 32.6 3.0 P7 5 27 38 54 86 95 100 1820 32.0 2.9 P8 5 28 45 64 87 95 100 1840 31.3 3.1 P9 5 28 51 77 90 95 100 1830 31.6 3.3 Z1 5 12.5 30 55.5 81 95 100 1780 33.7 2.6 M1 0 30 56 73 84 90 98 1860 30.6 3.4 H1 5 15 31 55 84 96 100 1770 32.5 2.6 Note:Z1 is median grading in 2 region; M1 is grading of the most closely stacked manufactured sand;H1 is river sand grading.
Table 3 Workability influenced by manufactured sand grading Number Slumps(mm) shape workability cohesive Water retaining P1 55 near-zero common good P2 65 shear common bad P3 85 shear bad bad P4 75 shear bad bad P5 100 shear bad bad P6 120 shear bad bad P7 125 shear bad bad P8 145 normal common common P9 160 normal common common Z1 160 normal sticky good M1 110 collapse very bad bad H1 175 normal sticky good Note: concrete mix proportion (W:C:S:G=171:342:814:1123); Mixing content of water reducing agent is 1% of the plaster.
Table 4 Physical indexes of good and bad grading curves Projects Number Tight pile of air void(%) Tight pile of density (kg/m3) Mx Good grading P8 31.3 1840 3.1 P9 31.6 1830 3.3 Z1 33.7 1780 2.6 H1 32.5 1770 2.6 Bad grading P1 36.0 1720 2.0 P2 35.4 1720 2.4 M1 30.6 1860 3.4 It is can be seen that air void and fineness modulus also have certain difference with the change of grading.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Feng Zhang, Hui Feng Xue
However, large enterprises often have a heterogeneous system, lead system information interaction and mutual operation very difficult, forming a “isolated island of information",In order to realize the enterprise business process automation, businesses to invest in a large number of human and financial resources to carry out system integration.
From the process point of view of the split, the split of the SOA is to break the tight coupling of the existing business systems to identify reusable services, the formation of coarse-grained business components or service components; The cloud computing resource pool split more existing hardware environment through the integration of virtualization mode, the large computing or storage capacity through virtualization after the formation of smaller scheduling computing unit or storage unit.
One of the three layers of cloud platform itself can be further integration through SOA, and the second is the integration enterprise operational capacity of a private cloud can SOA better. 3 Cloud integration of service-oriented space information technology integration platform 3.1 Examples of background XX Technology Group is a national aerospace production, sales and service fully operational company, is the country's first batch of innovative enterprises, with eight large-scale research and production complex, a number of units directly under the eight regional aerospace industrial base, the family inside and outside of listed companies with the expanding of XX Technology Group, the group faced with the urgency of the information system integration issues, XX Technology Group offices located throughout the country, and all subsidiary information systems on each array, respectively. 3.2 XX group cloud computing services architecture XX of SaaS system cloud service platform system
Specifically, that the system has the following characteristics: loosely coupled; a clear definition of the interface; stateless services; coarse-grained services; location transparency; protocol independent.
In SIGIR Forum , fall 1998, Volumn 33 Number 1, 6-12.
From the process point of view of the split, the split of the SOA is to break the tight coupling of the existing business systems to identify reusable services, the formation of coarse-grained business components or service components; The cloud computing resource pool split more existing hardware environment through the integration of virtualization mode, the large computing or storage capacity through virtualization after the formation of smaller scheduling computing unit or storage unit.
One of the three layers of cloud platform itself can be further integration through SOA, and the second is the integration enterprise operational capacity of a private cloud can SOA better. 3 Cloud integration of service-oriented space information technology integration platform 3.1 Examples of background XX Technology Group is a national aerospace production, sales and service fully operational company, is the country's first batch of innovative enterprises, with eight large-scale research and production complex, a number of units directly under the eight regional aerospace industrial base, the family inside and outside of listed companies with the expanding of XX Technology Group, the group faced with the urgency of the information system integration issues, XX Technology Group offices located throughout the country, and all subsidiary information systems on each array, respectively. 3.2 XX group cloud computing services architecture XX of SaaS system cloud service platform system
Specifically, that the system has the following characteristics: loosely coupled; a clear definition of the interface; stateless services; coarse-grained services; location transparency; protocol independent.
In SIGIR Forum , fall 1998, Volumn 33 Number 1, 6-12.
Online since: September 2008
Authors: Matthias Bickermann, Albrecht Winnacker, Boris M. Epelbaum, Octavian Filip, Juan Li, Xian Gang Xu
As shown in Fig. 2-a, the strongly disordered low-angle grain boundaries (LAGB) penetrate into the
crystal and some of them propagate until the top.
Toward the top side, MPs were found only distributed along the LAGBs, which penetrate from the substrate region and still concentrate a large number of TDs.
This fact is in accordance with the lower number of BPDs observed in the 4H-crystals if we consider the SFs formation mechanism imagined in the previous paragraph.
The low-angle grain boundaries continue further into the crystal volume but after about 300 µm from the substrate, they concentrate mainly threading dislocations (Fig. 3-b).
A large number of MPs are produced at the substrate side.
Toward the top side, MPs were found only distributed along the LAGBs, which penetrate from the substrate region and still concentrate a large number of TDs.
This fact is in accordance with the lower number of BPDs observed in the 4H-crystals if we consider the SFs formation mechanism imagined in the previous paragraph.
The low-angle grain boundaries continue further into the crystal volume but after about 300 µm from the substrate, they concentrate mainly threading dislocations (Fig. 3-b).
A large number of MPs are produced at the substrate side.
Online since: December 2011
Authors: Ji Qiang Li, Wen Liu, Xu Ding, Shui Sheng Xie
The body and chassis of automobile is made up of more than 400 parts, the TWB can reduce 65% of the number of parts [1-3], therefore, adopting the TWB stamping technology, the whole quantity of product gets the exaltation.
Tailor welded forming plays an important role in cutting the automobile weight, reducing processes and the number of stamping mould, increasing the utilization of material, and cutting cost.
The microstructure of weld seam before and after heat treatment is shown in Fig.5 and Fig.6. 25um 25um 25um (a)outer layer (b)middle (c)inner layer Fig.5 Microstructure of weld seam before heat treatment 25um 25um 25um (a)outer layer (b)middle (c)inner layer Fig.6 Microstructure of weld seam after heat treatment As shown in Fig.5 and Fig.6, with the heat treatment of 623℃ for 8mins, the average diameter sizes of grain decrease and the grains become spherical.
Forming limit depth (mm) Sequence number of samper Fig.7 The influence of heat treatment on FLD Compare to the different forming limit depth before and after heat treatment, it shows that the average FLD after heat treatment is higher 10mm than before heat treatment.
Tailor welded forming plays an important role in cutting the automobile weight, reducing processes and the number of stamping mould, increasing the utilization of material, and cutting cost.
The microstructure of weld seam before and after heat treatment is shown in Fig.5 and Fig.6. 25um 25um 25um (a)outer layer (b)middle (c)inner layer Fig.5 Microstructure of weld seam before heat treatment 25um 25um 25um (a)outer layer (b)middle (c)inner layer Fig.6 Microstructure of weld seam after heat treatment As shown in Fig.5 and Fig.6, with the heat treatment of 623℃ for 8mins, the average diameter sizes of grain decrease and the grains become spherical.
Forming limit depth (mm) Sequence number of samper Fig.7 The influence of heat treatment on FLD Compare to the different forming limit depth before and after heat treatment, it shows that the average FLD after heat treatment is higher 10mm than before heat treatment.
Online since: March 2012
Authors: Maria Sozańska, Kinga Rodak, Bartosz Chmiela
The susceptibility of superalloys to TCP phase formation can be evaluated based on the number of unpaired d electrons (NV) calculated using the PHACOMP method, and the value of the semi-empirical Mdt parameter, representing the d-orbital energy levels and atom sizes [2].
With exposure time the number of precipitates increased, irregular precipitates formed clusters and needle-shaped ones appeared.
At a temperature of 1100°C needle-shaped precipitates were visible after 500 h, and their number increased with time.
From literature studies, SEM and STEM observations suggested that the σ phase precipitates with a globular shape formed at the grain boundaries.
P phase precipitates were often needle-shaped and appeared inside grains, and in the case of a single crystal, they formed inside dendrites.
With exposure time the number of precipitates increased, irregular precipitates formed clusters and needle-shaped ones appeared.
At a temperature of 1100°C needle-shaped precipitates were visible after 500 h, and their number increased with time.
From literature studies, SEM and STEM observations suggested that the σ phase precipitates with a globular shape formed at the grain boundaries.
P phase precipitates were often needle-shaped and appeared inside grains, and in the case of a single crystal, they formed inside dendrites.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Yun Huang, Zhi Huang, Jian Qiang Wu, Lei Zhang
By the way of changing the abrasive belts with different grain
sizes to achieve the rough machining and finish machining of the propeller blades, there are four-axis
accurate coordinate control and belt wear compensation in CNC to ensure the dimensional accuracy
and surface quality related to the controllable pitch propeller blades.
Table 1 The actual grinding parameters of CPP processed by factory Process Name composition and grain size of the abrasive material belt size mm distribution of grinding allowance mm contact roller's specificatio ns(D X W)mm hardness of contact wheel grinding speed m/s grinding power Kw grinding way Rough grinding VSM ZK713T zirconium 80# 30x328 0 0.3~0.5 ¢200x30 Hs80 24 7.5 Wet Finish grinding VSM KK711X alumina 240# 30x328 0 0.02~0.05 ¢100x30 Hs40 32 7.5 Wet Take two samples (Numbered CPP1 and CPP2) randomly to inspect from the controllable pitch propeller blades which have been finished.
Table 2 The results of △Z detection of CPP blade profile valve The blade numbers The measuring radius The suction side △Z(mm) The pressure side △Z(mm) X5 X10 X15 X5 X10 X15 CPP1 0.4R 0.04 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.09 0.5R 0.06 0.05 0.12 0.08 0.13 0.09 0.6R 0.08 0.07 0.11 0.09 0.17 0.07 0.7R 0.11 0.09 0.12 0.09 0.15 0.11 0.8R 0.08 0.06 0.13 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.9R 0.05 0.07 0.14 0.09 0.15 0.05 0.95R 0.08 0.06 0.15 0.05 0.17 0.04 CPP2 0.4R 0.02 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.5R 0.04 0.02 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.6R 0.04 0.09 0.11 0.18 0.09 0.05 0.7R 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.07 0.8R 0.15 0.08 0.07 0.14 0.08 0.12 0.9R 0.12 0.07 0.08 0.11 0.07 0.14 0.95R 0.14 0.09 0.07 0.13 0.12 0.11 Table 3 The test results of surface roughness The blade numbers The suction side(Ra um) The pressure side(Ra um) CPP1 0.13~0.25 0.15~0.22 2.
Table 1 The actual grinding parameters of CPP processed by factory Process Name composition and grain size of the abrasive material belt size mm distribution of grinding allowance mm contact roller's specificatio ns(D X W)mm hardness of contact wheel grinding speed m/s grinding power Kw grinding way Rough grinding VSM ZK713T zirconium 80# 30x328 0 0.3~0.5 ¢200x30 Hs80 24 7.5 Wet Finish grinding VSM KK711X alumina 240# 30x328 0 0.02~0.05 ¢100x30 Hs40 32 7.5 Wet Take two samples (Numbered CPP1 and CPP2) randomly to inspect from the controllable pitch propeller blades which have been finished.
Table 2 The results of △Z detection of CPP blade profile valve The blade numbers The measuring radius The suction side △Z(mm) The pressure side △Z(mm) X5 X10 X15 X5 X10 X15 CPP1 0.4R 0.04 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.09 0.5R 0.06 0.05 0.12 0.08 0.13 0.09 0.6R 0.08 0.07 0.11 0.09 0.17 0.07 0.7R 0.11 0.09 0.12 0.09 0.15 0.11 0.8R 0.08 0.06 0.13 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.9R 0.05 0.07 0.14 0.09 0.15 0.05 0.95R 0.08 0.06 0.15 0.05 0.17 0.04 CPP2 0.4R 0.02 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.5R 0.04 0.02 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.6R 0.04 0.09 0.11 0.18 0.09 0.05 0.7R 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.07 0.8R 0.15 0.08 0.07 0.14 0.08 0.12 0.9R 0.12 0.07 0.08 0.11 0.07 0.14 0.95R 0.14 0.09 0.07 0.13 0.12 0.11 Table 3 The test results of surface roughness The blade numbers The suction side(Ra um) The pressure side(Ra um) CPP1 0.13~0.25 0.15~0.22 2.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Xiang Cai Meng, Hong Bo Li, Xing Ming Zhao, Shi Bin Liu
Introduction
Semi-solid casting technology originated in the 1970s, Flemings, Spence put forward the technology of semi-solid forming through a large number of experimental[1].
The study found that the technology of semi-solid forming can made the thick dendrites and dendritic crystal eliminate in traditional casting, to reach the goal of grain refinement.
There are small number of primary carbides generated in cooling inclined plate.
As nuclei in the cavity to promote grain refinement.
when continue to speed up the cooling rate,because of the process of semi-solid forming temperature is too low, make the melt flow is poor, filling unsatisfactory, various factors caused by a large number of defects exist into the semi-solid casting, led to the toughness decreased.
The study found that the technology of semi-solid forming can made the thick dendrites and dendritic crystal eliminate in traditional casting, to reach the goal of grain refinement.
There are small number of primary carbides generated in cooling inclined plate.
As nuclei in the cavity to promote grain refinement.
when continue to speed up the cooling rate,because of the process of semi-solid forming temperature is too low, make the melt flow is poor, filling unsatisfactory, various factors caused by a large number of defects exist into the semi-solid casting, led to the toughness decreased.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Hirohiko Takuda, Takayuki Hama
The press forming of Mg alloy sheets is an effective method to increase the number of applications in structural components.
The relative activity of each family of slip or twinning systems ri is evaluated in the form , (4) where the numerator is the plastic strain increment contributed by the family of slip or twinning systems i, summed over all grains. k is the number of slip or twinning systems of the family i.
The denominator is the plastic strain increment contributed by all the families, summed over all the grains. j is the total number of slip and twinning systems.
The relative activity of each family of slip or twinning systems ri is evaluated in the form , (4) where the numerator is the plastic strain increment contributed by the family of slip or twinning systems i, summed over all grains. k is the number of slip or twinning systems of the family i.
The denominator is the plastic strain increment contributed by all the families, summed over all the grains. j is the total number of slip and twinning systems.
Online since: September 2017
Authors: Tadahiro Wada, Hiroyuki Hanyu
The tool material of the substrate was ultra-micro grain cemented carbide.
Tool material in side milling hardened steel AISI D2 Substrate Ultra-micro grain cemented carbide Coating layer (Ti,Al)N (mono-layer) Type I (two-layered structure) Substrate→ Type A→ Type B (outer layer) Type II (multi-layered structure) Substrate→ Type A→ Type B→ Type A→ Type B→ ·······Type A→ Type B (outer layer) Type A: (Al60,Cr25,W15)(C,N)-coating film Type B: (Al53,Cr23,W14,Si10)(C,N)-coating film Table 3.
Cutting conditions of the side milling test Cutting speed V= 2.5 m/s Feed rate f=0.05 mm/tooth Cutting direction Down cut Radial depth of cut Rd=0.1 mm Axial depth of cut Ad=10 mm Cutting tool Diameter : 10 mm, Number of teeth: 6 flutes, Helix angle: 45°, Flute length: 22 mm Cutting method Dry (Air blowing) Results and Discussion The hardened steel was milled with three types of coated end mill cutter at a cutting speed of 2.5 m/s.
Here, the “n” of the subscript characters shows the number of cutting edges.
Acknowledgment This work was supported by a JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 24560149 (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)).
Tool material in side milling hardened steel AISI D2 Substrate Ultra-micro grain cemented carbide Coating layer (Ti,Al)N (mono-layer) Type I (two-layered structure) Substrate→ Type A→ Type B (outer layer) Type II (multi-layered structure) Substrate→ Type A→ Type B→ Type A→ Type B→ ·······Type A→ Type B (outer layer) Type A: (Al60,Cr25,W15)(C,N)-coating film Type B: (Al53,Cr23,W14,Si10)(C,N)-coating film Table 3.
Cutting conditions of the side milling test Cutting speed V= 2.5 m/s Feed rate f=0.05 mm/tooth Cutting direction Down cut Radial depth of cut Rd=0.1 mm Axial depth of cut Ad=10 mm Cutting tool Diameter : 10 mm, Number of teeth: 6 flutes, Helix angle: 45°, Flute length: 22 mm Cutting method Dry (Air blowing) Results and Discussion The hardened steel was milled with three types of coated end mill cutter at a cutting speed of 2.5 m/s.
Here, the “n” of the subscript characters shows the number of cutting edges.
Acknowledgment This work was supported by a JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 24560149 (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)).