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During operation mechanical structures can experience large vibration amplitudes.
The design process of the UPD test rig was driven by the above mentioned parameters and by minimising external factors that would affect the quality of the nonlinear measurements.
During commissioning of the rig, the settling of the damper was identified as the main issue affecting the quality of the measurements.
Nitsche, "The role of friction In mechanical joints," Applied Mechanics Reviews, 2001
Schwingshackl, "The effects of boundary conditions, measurement techniques, and excitation type on measurements of the properties of mechanical joints," in Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics IMAC Conference, 2016

All available remedies for those patients are temporary and some of them might result in regeneration of tissues with different properties to the existing one, and hence limited functionality and durability.
Although there are both environmental and genetic factors to consider when patients are diagnosed with OA, the largest contributor to the progression of the disease is joint overload [7].
It was postulated that anisotropic, viscoelastic and inhomogeneous properties that a 3D woven textile embedded in a hydrogel matrix offers, are the requirements for a functional cartilage replacement biomaterial.
Neitzert, Mechanical and tribological properties of a novel hydrogel composite reinforced by three-dimensional woven textiles as a functional synthetic cartilage.
Neitzert, Experimental study on friction and wear properties of interpenetrating polymer network alginate-polyacrylamide hydrogels for use in minimally-invasive joint implants.

The emulsion pump, one of the most important hydraulic components, has also been used in more and more industry fields, because emulsion has flame retardance and low cost besides most properties of hydraulic oil.
Diagram of recommended test system In coal mine industry, the emulsion pump, like a heart to a man, converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy and pumps high-pressure emulsion to hydraulic support or single prop, and hence has a great influence on the reliability of the mechanical equipment and safety of coal miners in the coal-face.
This test system has two crucial factors.
The other one is the displacement of both the major pump and hydraulic motor, which affects the rotary speed of test pump, namely the flow rate of test pump.
The left cylinder with high pressure emulsion flow pumped from the test pump pushes the right cylinder, converting the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy.

Introduction The shear modulus and damping ratio are two mayor index of dynamic properties.
Since the factors which affect soil dynamics parameters are as many as 13 to 15[1], the soil around the kinetic parameters are quite different, and special test measurement are generally required in major projects.
Dynamic parameters of rock and soil are not constant, which are not only related to its strain amplitude, but also related to frequency of vibration loads confining pressure, density, plasticity index, loading history, saturation and other factors.
We can see that the effective stress is an important factor which affects the sample’s resonance frequency.
Hardin and Black pointed in 1968 that the shear modulus was affected by serious of factors which can be expressed as: (3) Where:is the average effective principal stress, is frequency, is void ratio, is particle characteristics, is shear strain amplitude, is mass structure, is time effect of secondary consolidation, is hexahedral shear stress, is loading history, is saturability, is temperature.

As far as the authors know, no expression for calculation of the equivalent viscous damping factor ξhys of EBFs is reported in literature.
To investigate the influence of the dynamic properties of the system on the equivalent viscous damping ratio ξhys, different values have been assigned to the period of vibration T of the system, in the range of 0.25 s and 1.50 s.
The mechanical length of the link varies along the height of the building and is equal to 2.0 at the top story and 0.77 at the base of the building.
The viscous dampers are modelled by the uniaxial material “Viscous”; the power factor is set equal to 1.0.
However, in case of tall structures, also the effects of the third mode of vibration could affect the seismic response and, thus, they should be taken into account.

Finally, the benchmarking properties of theses material and potential research directions are briefly discussed.
Benchmarking Material Properties This section introduces and explains the importance of benchmarking properties that is needed to be considered while developing a new material for 3D concrete printing
With regard to a past investigation, open time for the mix design was found to be 100 minutes while keeping other properties consistent [13]
Buswell, Mix design and fresh properties for high-performance printing concrete, Mate.
Thorpe, Hardened properties of high-performace printing concrete, Cem.

Its unique physical, chemical and mechanical properties are outstanding, and could allow the preparation of this composite material with unprecedented characteristics, such as superior electron mobility, good conductivity, excellent transparent property and high chemical stability.
This novel material has attracted a lot of scientific interests because of its unique properties, such as high electron mobility (200 000 cm2v-1s-1), high thermal stability (~5000 Wm-1K-1), and optimum mechanical properties (~1.0 TPa) [1-3].
The increment of C is due to the presence of oxygenated bonds generated from KMnO4 and stirring duration is one of the main factor will affect the amount of material composition.
Geerlings, Ab initio study of the elastic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene, Chem.
Yu, Synthesis of N-doped graphene by chemical vapor deposition and its electrical properties, Nano.

Thus, co-extrusion can be used to improve the functional properties of composite materials, with or without a concurrent boost of its intrinsic properties.
In order to overcome this, the properties of different regions of the material structure can be modified in order to create alternate crack paths which are more easily followed.
To accomplish this, different materials with the right combination of properties for a given application can be engineered in the desired locations on a macroscale.
While many factors can play a role, the two main contributors to the development of interfacial cracks are the differential sintering of the two materials as well as their differing thermal expansion coefficients.
This allows the functional properties of a composite to be tailored by selecting and combining materials with desired intrinsic properties and arranging them in a desired architecture.

The get of superior economic performance and emission properties was more dependent on something such as reasonable choice of target driving conditions, assembly parameter selection and optimization, and strategy design of energy management control and optimization of control parameters [1].
The minimum instantaneous equivalent fuel consumption control strategy (MECS) contained two factors [3].
This feature was used to conduct optimization test of the equivalent fuel conversion factors of minimum control strategy instantaneous equivalent fuel consumption compensation in future condition and the equivalent fuel conversion factors of battery power consumption in the future condition.
Line 1 was the value of，the equivalent fuel conversion factors of battery power consumption in future.
Column 1 was the value of ，the equivalent fuel conversion factors of battery power compensation in future.

The films structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, model: Rigaku IV, D/MAX-2200 system) for crystallinity properties.
The electrical properties of the Al:ZnO thin films were characterised using solar simulator (Bukoh Keiki CEP-2000) set up with a Keithley 2400 computer-controlled current-voltage source meter.
The authors would also like to thank the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering (UTHM) for the use of their XRD facilities.
Rusop, Influence of various sol concentrations on stress/strain and properties of ZnO thin films synthesised by sol-gel technique, Thin Solid Films 527 (2013) 102-109
Rusop, Sonicated sol-gel preparation of nanoparticulate ZnO thin films with various deposition speeds: The highly preferred c-axis (0 0 2) orientation enhances the final properties, J.