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The liquid affects the mechanical properties of cracked rock mass, and consequently, they will affect the stability of underground structures.
Considered the different conditions about the water pressure and water chemistry damage, Tang et al. [4] derived a new rock fracture strength criterion about closed or opened cracks.
This indicates that the stability of structures with dry rock mass is higher than those with wet rock mass.

(2) Formula (1) subtracts formula (2): (3) Laplace transform: (4) Mechanical motion equation: (5) Coefficient of the back EMF is set: (6) The torque coefficient is set: (7) Formula (4) is converted to: (8) Laplace transform: (9) From the above, we get the model of the brushless DC motor: Figure 3 Model of the brushless DC motor Suppose that the load is 0, and then the transformer function between rotate speed and input voltage is: (10) Structure
Figure 4 Structure chart of permanent-magnetic brushless DC motor speed governing system Optimization design with a good algorithm on the PID parameters of the speed controller is crucial for the speed controlling system with steady performance.
[2] Wei Wang, Jingwei Zhang and Tianyou Chai：Automation Chemistry Journal, Vol.26(2000)No.(3),p.347

Synthesis and luminescent properties of M2P2O7:Eu3+ (M = Ca, Sr, Ba ) phosphors Fuwang Moa, Rongfang Wangb, Yuwei Lanc, Liya Zhoud, *, Tao Hee, Xianmei Xuf School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004，China aemail: mofuwang2010@yahoo.cn,b email: fangfang393@163.com, cemail: lanyuwei78@163.com, d, *email: zhouliyatf@163.com, eemail: 260820472@qq.com, femail: xianmeinuli@163.com Keywords: phosphors; photoluminescence; X-ray diffraction Abstract: A series of orange-red phosphors M2P2O7: Eu3+ (M = Ca, Sr, Ba ) were prepared by traditional solid-state reaction method.
Structure of Ca2P2O7, Sr2P2O7and luminescence of Ca2P2O7:Eu2+, Mn2+, Sr2P2O7:Eu2+, Y3+ were reported by Hao and Pang et al [8, 9].
Calculated raw materials were mixed homogeneously in an agate mortar and calcined at 900 oC for 5 h. 1.2 Characterization The structures were identified by X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD, Cu Ka = 1.5406 Å Rigaku/Dmax – 2500, Rigaku Corporation of Japan).

Study of High Functional WO3 Film Sensors for Practical NO2 Detection aZhicong Meng1, 2, Takeshi Hashishin3, Jun Tamaki1, and Kazuo Kojima1 1Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higasshi, Kusatsu-shi, Shiga 525-8577, Japan 2The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 8 Ichibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan 3Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, 11-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan amou@fc.ritsumei.ac.jp Keywords: Tungsten trioxide; Gas sensor; Chemical sensor; Sensing properties Abstract.
The crystal structure and grain size of the various WO3 particles obtained were evaluated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD: Rigaku, Rint-2200) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM : Hitachi, S-4800).
From XRD analysis, the crystal structures of the spherical, disk, and cuboid WO3 powders were confirmed to be triclinic mixed with monoclinic crystals, and the hexagonal WO3 powders were hexagonal.

Deionized water was supplied by the College of Chemistry, Donghua University.
Cui, Structure and Mechanical Properties of Electrospun Tussah Silk Fibroin Nanofibres: Variations in Processing Parameters, Iranian Polymer Journal. 20 (9) (2011) 713-724
Electrospun Silk Fibroin/Cellulose Acetate Blend Nanofibres: Structure and Properties, Iranian Polymer Journal. 20(5) (2011) 389-397 .

Deleterious materials as sulfates and chlorides ions may cause deleterious chemistry and/or physical processes that might compromise microstructure of concrete and decrease its service life.
(1) Thus, considering the porous in concrete structure with micro-tubes interconnected, outflow regime can be determined employing this parameter, e.g., Reynolds number and air flow inside it can be characterized: as laminar when Reynolds number values are below 2100, as turbulent when it is greater that 2100 [5-6].
Nwon: Permeability Characteristics of Carbonated Concrete Considering Capillary Pore Structures.

Zhukhovitsky [5] equation to a case of extremely diluted solutions structure of a surface it is possible to calculate by a formula , where Q is energy of mixture; z – the coordination number in volume, and Δz=z-z(σ) is the difference of coordination numbers in volume and on a surface; R – universal gas constant; T – absolute temperature; σ0i – a superficial tension of i-go of a component in a clean state, ω – surface area (on mol).
Calculation results of structure for lead alloys with additives of bismuth, tin, copper and aluminum are presented in figure 7.
Physical chemistry / M.: Metallurgy, 1987. - 688 p.

Scheme 4 Structures of selenol probe BESThio In 2015, Qiu and Xu et al. reported a fluorescent nanoprobe with amphiphilic polymer micelles (PMPC-Dns), which was based on 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl decorated copolymer in the destabilized micelles by releasing fluorescence doxorubicin (DOX) for fluorescence imaging to detect Sec [8].
Sies, Sulfur and selenium: the role of oxidation state in protein structure and function..
A Highly Selective Fluorescent Probe for Imaging H2Se in Living cells and in vivo Based on the Disulfide Bond, Analytical Chemistry. 89(1):688-693

Selective adsorption and pre-concentration of morin by molecularly imprinted polymers with chitosan beads as functional matrix Haihui Zhang1, Feifei Xu1, Yuqing Duan1, a, Can Zhang1, Yongsheng Yan2, Guibo Sun3, Xiaobo Sun3 1School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, China 212013 2School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, China 212013 3Institute of Medicinal Plants, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 151 Malianwa Bei Road, China 100193 a zhanghh@ujs.edu.cn Keywords: Morin; molecular imprinting; solid-phase extraction; separation and enrichment; selectivity Abstract.
FTIR analysis reveals that the structure of the cross-linked chitosan and its derivatives has changed (Fig. 1A).
As shown in Fig. 1C, MIP beads possess loose structures with many pores and exhibit much rougher surface than the other beads after washed off the template (Fig. 1B, D).

X-ray diffraction (XRD, D/MAX-2400, Rigaku, Japan) was used to characterize the crystalline structure of the sensing films.
The micro structure analysis was carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM, JSM-6700F, Jeol, Japan), and the response characteristics of the sensor were measured by voltammetry [10].
Mulla: Materials Chemistry and Physics Vol. 109 (2008), p. 230