Search results

However, in terms of providing the required metallurgical quality of either the raw materials for a presswork line (cast ingots with a circular cross-section - so-called “pillars”) or ready-made aluminum profiles, the analysis of currently existing process flow diagrams at the number of regional facilities allowed revealing a typical drawback: the minimization of the quantity of structural components assuring the management and control of the quality of raw materials, semi-product and ready products on all processing [5].
The analysis of microstructure (Fig. 5) showed that the ingots, obtained only from primary aluminum, have a more uniform and finely grained microstructure.
Kim, Comparison of hot deformation behavior characteristics between as-cast and extruded Al-Zn-Mg-Cu (7075) aluminum alloys with a similar grain size, Materials. 12 (2019) paper 3807
Wang, Relationship among grain size, texture and mechanical properties of aluminums with different particle distributions, Materials Science and Engineering A. 753 (2019) 122-134

The original Vickers hardness of TM and Image quality 2000 4000 6000 8000 αm: wide lath-martensite γR: retained austenite MA: MA-like phase GB: prior grain boundary PB: packet boundary BB: block boundary (b) 5 mm GB am PB MA gR (a) MA GB am PB BB Fig. 2.
Torsional fatigue limits (tw, twn) of (a) smooth and (b) notched specimens of TM and SNCM420 steels subjected to UP and FPP; the numbers denote fatigue limits in MPa.
Hardened depth in the case of TM steel subjected to FPP was about 10–20 mm (Fig. 4(a)), equivalent to the size of one or two grains.
(b) 2c applied stress am* am MA q gR block boundary packet boundary plastic zone prior austenitic grain boundary wy (10-20 mm) (a) HV, sX,a Dfam fg0 stage I stage II crack fatigue crack Fig. 6.

There are increasing numbers of bright particles of oxide with increasing addition of MnO2 powder as evident from microstructures of composites developed by addition of 3, 6, 9 and 12 wt% MnO2 powder respectively at Fig 3 (a), (b), (c) and (d). 3.2 Hardness of cast and extruded composites: Average Brinell hardness has been measured for extruded alloy and extruded in-situ composites developed by addition of MnO2 Powder, with 10 mm hardened steel ball indenter of 500 kg load.
This may be due to the reduction of porosity content, reduction in grain size and uniform distribution of MnO2 particles.
Due to hot extrusion, reduction in porosity content, matrix grain size and grain refinement is achieved.

Polycrystalline materials can thus be described as multiphased materials, if one defines a phase by all the grains with the same crystallographic orientation, and assumed to have the same mechanical behaviour.
The obtained parameters are averaged values over all the grains with the same crystallographic orientation (i.e. over each "phase").
(4) Thus according to equation 1, the strain nrε along direction n r can be written: m hkklhllkh C C C CCC n 12 23 13 33 22 11 222 εεεεεε ε +++++ =r . (5) Let M be the number of measurements of pn rε along pn r (p = 1 to M).
This may be explained by the influence of neighbouring grains, by the presence of other slip systems than {111}<110>, or by existence of other deformation mechanisms such as twinning, stacking fault energy being quite low in brass alloys.

Therefore, it is crucial to obtain better morphology including larger TPB (Three Phase Boundery) composed of Ni and YSZ grains for the achievement of high-performance anode.
In the others ratios of the oxidizing to reducing (fuel) elemental Fig. 1 - XRD patterns of NiO:YSZ synthesized powders as a function of the oxidizing to reducing (fuel) elemental composition ratio: (a) e = 1.0, (b) e = 0.65, (c) e = 0.57, (d) e = 0.55 and (e) e = 0.52 composition, the as formed aggregates contain porous foam like islands which surface was perforated by a large number of pores, with a complex large surface area network structure.
From Fig. 3(b) it can be seen that the average grain size of YSZ and NiO were less than 1µm and that the distribution of NiO grains in YSZ matrix is random and homogeneous.

Since the overall rock fragmentation volume of a diamond drill bit equals to the sum of rock fragmentation volume of each diamond on the diamond drill bit, the following equation is obtained: （1） N——Amount of diamond on the drill bit labial surface (grain); n——Drill bit rotational speed（r/min）; V——Drilling speed（m/h）; D1——Outside diameter of drill bit（cm）; D2——Inside diameter of drill bit（cm）; S——Cross sectional area of diamond cutting into rock（cm2） Since （2） we have: m——Amount of water gap in drill bit; a——Width of water gap in drill bit（cm）; n1——Amount of diamond per unit area of diamond drill bit labial surface（grain /cm2）.
formula（2）substitution formula（1）: （3） From Fig a in Figure 1, we can get: By solving the equations above, （4） d——Diamond grain size（cm）; R——Diamond particle radius（cm）.
Assume the number of water gap is 8 and width of water gap is 7mm.

To develop a concrete MAF operation, it is necessary to compare some variations of the inductor construction, composition, and grain of the magnetic abrasive powder, and the values of the regime parameters, using an experiment in a working environment.
The powder Fe-TiC was used in the experiment with a composition grain of 400/300 µm, and Condition Numerical Value Electromagnetic inductor, EMI-1 External diameter of the pole N, Dext Procedure of MAF: rpm n, rev/min feed f, mm/min table stroke number current I, A Height of the working gap δ, mm Magnetic induction in the gap δ, T Volume of the powder Vp, cm3 Coolant Procedure of drilling: hole diameter, mm rpm, rev/min feed, mm/min Material of samples 110 mm 95~380 61~342 1~8 1.0~1.6 2 0.47~0.72 13 3% oil in water 3 3000 25, 30, 45 Steel SM45C Fig. 5.
The abrasive particles were located on the grain surface.

Indeed, there are number of papers devoted to the study of such relationship in Ni-P alloy [8]–[11].
Information extracted from the XRD spectra C(NaH2PO2), g/l 5 15 19 21 22 2θ, deg 44.64 44.67 44.75 44.52 44.48 FWHM, deg 1.805 2.357 2.378 4.339 2.28 interplanar spacing d, Å 2.028 2.027 2.0235 2.0335 2.035 Grain size D, nm 4.7 3.6 3.6 2.0 4.0 Amount of the amorphous phase, % 75 65 75 73 93 Amount of phosphorus in the fcc-phase, % 2.5 2.9 4.2 3.8 1.0 The amount of amorphous phase varies from 65% to 93% with C(NaH2PO2).
If even the one of these assumptions is not satisfied, we will inevitably have to be observed an increase of the resonance field in Figure 4 from 1200 Oe, typical for a film of pure Ni, up to 3000 Oe for the Ni film with a vanish magnetization or for the nearly spherical grains of ferromagnetic Ni phase in the nonmagnetic matrix of amorphous Ni-P.
Chekanova, Multilayer Co/Pd films with nanocrystalline and amorphous Co layers: Coercive force, random anisotropy, and exchange coupling of grains, Tech.

Recently, international attention is paid to the research and development of the effect that quasicrystal has on the high performance magnesium alloy materials, and many scholars have done quite a number of researches on the mechanism, structure, processing method[1].
But the quasicrystal formed under the conventional casting circumstance is often net-shaped or zonal-shaped, distributing in the grain boundary[6].
Fig.1(a) shows that alloy processed under normal pressure has coarse solidification microstructure, with the second phase mainly of continuous mesh-shaped, continuously distributing in the grain boundaries, while the intergranular second phase presenting lamellar eutectic microstructure (illustrated in Fig.1a).
High pressure solidification improves the intergranular phase morphology; the second phase of the alloy solidified under atmospheric pressure distributes alongside the grain boundary with the shape of dendrite, and the continuous network phase will break with the increasing of the solidification pressure, while the intergranular phase will turn into the shapes of isolated Long Island and granular.

Introduction The Tantalum (Ta) is a refractory metal belonging to the group VB of high density and atomic number 73, a high melting point and boiling point.
The technique of arc remelting produces ingots of Ta with a purity of (98.9%), however, composed of large columnar grains and highly textured [11-13].
For large plastic deformation of the Ta by rolling, drawing or swage a uniform microstructure and small grain size are advisable, however, variation in grain size and texture are harmful [11].