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As the content of selimium dioxide added in 0.012g/l, the copper grain arranged regularly without exposing basement and dark phenomenon.
Pits is caused by the unbalanced of deposition of copper grains in the matrix metal.
So selimium dioxide has the inhibition function to copper plating to improved the copper grain size and arrangement in a certain range.
Table 2 Factors and levels of orthogonal test Levels factors A(g/L) B(g/L) C（ml/L） 1 0.4 0.016 4 2 0.3 0.012 3 3 0 0 0 4 0.2 0.008 2 5 0.1 0.004 1 Table 3 The optimized test results Number factor Evalution index A B C Coating appearance 1 1 1 1 7.0 2 1 2 2 9.0 3 1 3 3 9.5 4 1 4 4 8.5 5 1 5 5 7.5 6 2 1 2 8.0 7 2 2 3 8.5 8 2 3 4 7.5 9 2 4 5 7.0 10 2 5 1 7.0 11 3 1 3 7.0 12 3 2 4 9.0 13 3 3 5 8.5 14 3 4 1 9.0 15 3 5 2 9.0 16 4 1 4 9.0 17 4 2 5 9.0 18 4 3 1 8.0 19 4 4 2 9.0 20 4 5 3 7.0 21 5 1 5 8.0 22 5 2 1 8.5 23 5 3 2 7.0 24 5 4 3 9.5 25 5 5 4 7.0 Table 4 The values of Ki, ki and R Index A B C K1 41.5 39.0 39.5 K2 38.0 44.0 42.0 K3 42.5 40.5 41.5 K4 42.0 43.0 41.0 K5 40.0 37.5 40.0 k1 8.3 7.8 7.9 k2 7.6 8.8 8.4 k3 8.5 8.1 8.3 k4 8.4 8.6 8.2 k5 8.0 7.5 8.0 R 0.9 1.3 0.5 From table 4, the order of priority of additive is B→A→C.

Its microstructure of primary silicon grain size decrease with obvious sgrain refinement, and the organization is more densification.
The particle of Si disperses in the substrate, the organization was a large number of uniform and fine isometric crystal, and the crystal space became closer.
The size of grain was equality and rounding, and less sharp edges.
With the charge action, the deposition billets of annular molten metal get uniform fine grain size, the organization is uniform, and the quality of the atomization has been greatly improved.

In the microstructure of this sample a significant number of the RA crystals is located in the vicinity of the PF grains and benefited only from the carbon rejection from the PF, whereas the RA crystals located in the BF regions benefited from the additional carbon rejection from the BF.
Similar dependence of the RA grains transformation to martensite on their location in the microstructure was reported previously [5].
Similar to the results obtained by others on the mechanical behaviour of TRIP steels [11,18], the ferrite grains yield first, whereas the bainite and austenite start to yield later.

THE TYPE AND NUMBER OF THE SAMPLES Doping content Interlayer PI thickness 5mm(A) 10mm(B) 15mm(C) 2%ωt A1 B1 C1 4%ωt A2 B2 C2 6%ωt A3 B3 C3 Fig. 1.
Nano-TiO2 particles (35-100nm) can well embedded in the polyimide substrate and distribute uniformly, although some grains may combine into a cluster during the preparation process.
The calculation of the grain size from the peak width in XRD curves is corresponding to the results observed in the SEM image.
Moreover, the grain size calculated by the peak width in XRD curves is corresponding to the results shown in the SEM image.

From CBED phase identification, we suggest that grains of 100~150 nm in this layer are Ni3Sn4.
Hwang et al. [2] reported, however, that a thin (40 nm) ��Ni3Sn2 Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3 (PCV = 78.19 Š3) phase was found even after soldering at the Ni3Sn4/P-rich phase interface by using TEM/EDS and SADP.
Ni dissolves fast into the molten solder through the Ni3Sn4 grain boundary grooves, in which intrusion of the melt into the Ni takes place.
Below the coarse Ni3Sn4 grain, the Sn diffuses into the P-rich Ni layer.

The under-weld area shows a slightly thickened grain in the base material.
The internal defect of the chisel material (probably sulphide inclusion) was melted, and thereby the welded metal penetrated along the grain border.
This area has also significantly thicker bainite grains.
In addition to the classic flame hard surfacing of powders, there is currently available a number of new technologies allowing us to achieve a specific structural composition of weld deposit e.g. by using ingredients like carbides and borides.

Because of the growing scarcity of land resources，high buildings are rising and a large number of high buildings and municipal engineering have to be built over soft foundation due to urban development.
First of all, 300 grams of sand soil was taken to determine particle proportion, water content and grain size distribution respectively.
These experimental results show that the soil particle proportion is 6.8%,and the water content of soil is.In addition，the grain size analysis test results are showed in table1 and figure1.
Fig. 2 Device schematic drawing In this test, the sandy soil which had been determined particle proportion, water content and grain size distribution was used to simulate the foundation soil.

The basic equations which descript water and sediment movement of a single river [2] : Flow continuity equation： (1) Momentum equation： (2) Sediment continuity equation： (3) Riverbed deformation equation： (4) Where = sediment velocity, corner =section number, =discharge, =the section area, =time, =the longitudinal coordinate, =water level, =section discharge coefficient, =sediment concentration , =sediment carrying capacity, =the dry density of deposition, =section width, = gravity acceleration, α= coefficient of saturation recovery, = river bed area.
(2)Coefficient of saturation recovery α Seen from the measured data of sediment grain size entering into the TGR since the impoundment, the grain sizes of sediment sorting along the way are very prominent; there are many researches about the value of coefficient of saturation recovery nowadays, basically, having the following consensus: ① Sediment in different size groups have different saturation recovery coefficient, ② Coefficient of saturation recovery value should decreases with sediment grain size increases, ③ Coefficient of saturation recovery should vary with changes in space and time, the following experience formula was used in this model for the calculation of the size of groups of different coefficient of saturation recovery: (9) (10) Where represents the average velocity of sediment in the entrance of the main stream of Zhuotuo station, settling velocity of the Group 5 is very

The chromium and molybdenum rich σ- phase appears at the grain boundaries of the δ-ferrite and the austenite grains.
As a consequence of the chromium and the molybdenum diffusion from the interior of the δ-ferrite grains the stability of the δ-ferrite decreases and it transforms onto secondary austenite. [1,3,4] Experiments From a 2507 type SDSS plate 35 samples were cut with the size of 10x15x100mm.
It is considered that the plastic deformation increases the number of sigma phase nuclei which is associated with the increase of hardness.

· The program AusEvol+ simulates different processes in austenite such as grain growth, thermal recovery, dynamic and static recrystallization [3-5], flow stress curves, the level of retained stress and also precipitation according to treatment parameters and chemical composition [6]; · The program AusTran was designed for austenite decomposing simulation under different cooling conditions with ferrite, perlite, bainite and martensite formation in low alloyed carbon steels.
The rolling mill 2000 scheme The main tasks for different stages of continuous hot rolling simulation are listed below: Furnace and roughing areas: · To set maximum reductions in mills according to equipment characteristics; Heat retention area: · To vary holding time in order to change finishing rolling temperature and austenite grain size; Finishing area and cooling table: · To set maximum reductions in mills according to equipment characteristics and final strip thickness 18 mm; · To cool strip using sprayer system in order to get bainite structure.
Simulation of roughing rolling shows that finest austenite grain size is obtained when we use furnace #4 and roughing area rolling speed 2 m/s (Table 2).
Calibration coefficient was received after number of tensile tests were made with standard geometry samples and samples with developed geometry.