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It was observed that there was an increased on the atomic percentage of Sm as loading increases due to the number of Sm ions present in the electrolytic bath.
At 0.5% loading of samarium, it can be observed the formation of uniform grain size particles which are deposited onto the surface of nanosheets.
The uniform grain size of the Sm particles as well as the porous nature of cobalt nanosheets can be beneficial for ion transportation on the electrolyte for the application as an electrode for supercapacitors.
The formation of uniform grain size particles onto the surface of nanosheets as observed with 0.5% Sm can be favorable for the application as an electrode for supercapacitor due to the additional active sites for ions to interact.

Before investigated, the samples should be comminuted to be little grains.
Gold is sputtered onto the grains to ensure sufficient conductivity by E-105 Ion spraying equipment.
The number “1” represents the ettringite (3CaO·Al2O3·3CaSO4·32H2O) and number “2” represents the gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O).
The number “3” represents calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).The number “4” represents tricalcium silicate (3CaO·SiO3).
The number “7” represents silicon dioxide (SiO2).

When ultrasonic vibration is introduced into molten metal during the solidification process, its solidification structure is changed from coarse dendrites to uniform and refined equiaxed grains, and the macro- and micro-segregation are further improved [1-5].Up to now, investigations of ultrasonic treatment on molten metal have been focused mainly on the refining of the solidification structure.
Equivalent number I and average diameter d of the sample in unit area and equivalent diameter could be respectively calculated by the following formula: (1) （2） In which, B was the equivalent diameter of inclusions, 5 μm；I was the equivalent number in unit area and equivalent diameter, entries·mm-2；di and ni was respectively the average diameter (μm) and the number of the different micro-inclusion； was the diameter of FOV under the selected multiple, mm; N was the number of observed fields in the experiment, 100; d was the equivalent diameter of inclusions, μm.
Fig.1 Total oxygen content in high carbon steel with different ultrasonic treatment time Change of inclusions’ number and size.
Equivalent number I and average diameter d of inclusions is respectively 134 entries·mm-2 and 2.91 μm, as the treatment time further prolonged to 60s, equivalent number of inclusions increases significantly and average diameter decreases obviously, inclusions in high carbon steel are relatively be refined.
Fig.2 Number and size of inclusions in high carbon steel with different ultrasonic treatment time Distribution of inclusions in high carbon steel.

There are larger numbers of pores on the surface of FePO4·3H2O microspheres, which are important to synthesize high performance LiFePO4 cathode materials for the application of lithium ion battery.
Additionally, each of the micro-sphere particles is made up of a large number of small grains, as shown in Fig.3 (b) and (d).
The voltage difference between the charge and discharge plateaus has tiny increase with the cycle number increasing, indicating that the sample has low polarization and good electronic conductivity.
The synthesized porous micro-spherical FePO4·3H2O and LFP/C are composed of abundant grains.
The amorphous spherical FePO4·3H2O particles with larger numbers of pores on the surface will be favorable for the production of LFP/C, which retained the morphology of FePO4·3H2O precursor.

Different hard metals are used based on their mechanical characteristic that strongly depends on composition and grain size.
This big difference depends on the coating design that influences the microstructure (grain size and type of nanostructure), chemical bonds, residual stress of the coating and the substrate temperature during the deposition [3].
The cutting time can be calculated by means of the numbers of the cutting pass and cutting speed.

The casting performance of A357 alloy strongly depends on itsgrain size, secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS), size and morphology of eutecticsilicon crystals, and size and number of defects, such asshrinkage, porosity, and so on[19].
EutecticSi modification was accomplished by sodium.Grain refinement and degassing were achieved by adding a commercial agent.
These broken up primaryα-Al dendritesbecome new nucleithatrefine the grain size of the resulting alloy.

The microstructure of profile 1 exhibits a fibrous grain structure with a thin PCG layer on the internal and external surfaces.
Measurements of grain sizes and PCG layers thicknesses are detailed in Tab. 8.
Results of the PCG layer and grain size evaluation.  
Tab. 8 displays the values of recrystallized thickness in the analyzed cases, along with the corresponding range of grain sizes.
Funding National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 04 Component 2 Investment 1.5–NextGenerationEU, Call for tender n.3277 dated 30/12/2021 (Award Number: 0001052 dated 23/06/2022).

The small pores can be caused by the combustion of the organic substance used as a pore-forming agent, and the large pores may result from the accumulation of particles with a large grain size range.
Herein, the shape of the ZnO clusters was irregular, and the number of ZnO grains was reduced because of the less porous substrates.
Therefore, the number of adsorbed dye molecules is degraded and the photocatalytic activity is enhanced because the placement of catalysts in the porous material enhances the adsorption capacity [47].
Nikazar, technology, An investigation into the simultaneous influence of withdrawal speed and number of coated layers on photocatalytic activity of ZnO thin films, J.
Chen, Technology, Method for determining crystal grain size by x‐ray diffraction, Cryst.

The choice of a method depends upon factors such as the configuration of the design, the application, the properties required, the total number of parts and the castability or formabiliy of the alloy.
The temperature profile along the machine barrel affecting the processing route and transformations within an alloy. 200 μm 200 μm (a) (b) The microstructure of the Mg-9Al-1Zn alloy after SSEM was comprised predominantly of near globular particles of primary α-Mg with a size of 40 μm, which for thicker walls transformed into equiaxed grains (Fig. 3a).
The eutectics, as a mixture of Mg17Al12 and secondary α-Mg, formed thin films along grain boundaries and islands within triple junctions.
This leads to complete elimination of the columnar zone in the casting and to the formation of fine equiaxed grains in the entire volume.

A number of researchers have paid considerable attention on the kinetics of the hydrogen reaction of uranium [4-9].
Compared with Fig. 1 (a) which shows the morphology of as-quenched sample after the polishing process, one new kind of phase along the grain boundary and around the niobium inclusions came into being in the morphology of the aged sample after the polishing process as shown clearly in Fig. 1 (c).
In Fig. 1 (b), the as-quenched sample after etched process displays a complex, lath martensite morphology inside the grains.
The lattice-like morphology inside the grain in Fig. 5 (b) agrees with that of the metallographic images in the third section.