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Online since: January 2009
Authors: Shao Yi Wu, Xue Feng Wang, Zhi Hong Zhang, Yue Xia Hu
The reference distances, the group overlap integrals, the cubic field parameter Dq (in cm1)
and the average covalency factor N, the molecular orbital coefficients N and (and s), the
spin-orbit coupling coefficients (in cm1) and the orbital reduction factors for NiX2 and CdX2:Ni2+ .
Substituting the above parameters into Eq. (1) and fitting the calculated results to the experimental data, the local angles 54.36 and 54.82 (6) can be obtained for Ni2+ in CdCl2 and CdBr2, respectively.
c The experimental data of zero-field splitting were not measured for NiX2 [18,19].
(1) The results (Cal. a) based on neglecting of the ligand contributions are worse than those including the above contributions, i.e., the calculated zero-field splitting and g factors are larger in magnitude than the experimental data.
(3) For CdX2:Ni2+ , one can find that the theoretical results (D 7.254, g// 2.287, g 2.238, and D 2.663, g// 2.206 and g 2.225 for X= Cl and Br, respectively) based on the host angles H do not show good agreement with the experimental data, particularly, the zero-field splittings are much larger than the experimental data.
Substituting the above parameters into Eq. (1) and fitting the calculated results to the experimental data, the local angles 54.36 and 54.82 (6) can be obtained for Ni2+ in CdCl2 and CdBr2, respectively.
c The experimental data of zero-field splitting were not measured for NiX2 [18,19].
(1) The results (Cal. a) based on neglecting of the ligand contributions are worse than those including the above contributions, i.e., the calculated zero-field splitting and g factors are larger in magnitude than the experimental data.
(3) For CdX2:Ni2+ , one can find that the theoretical results (D 7.254, g// 2.287, g 2.238, and D 2.663, g// 2.206 and g 2.225 for X= Cl and Br, respectively) based on the host angles H do not show good agreement with the experimental data, particularly, the zero-field splittings are much larger than the experimental data.
Online since: May 2015
Authors: Elena Denisenko, Abram Kropp, Arcady Nedialkov, Aleksandr Blokhin
Comparison of results theoretical and experimental studies on the test stand shows that the calculated values of synchronization time on certain stages and throughout the cycles of the transmission shifting differ from the experimental data by 10-25% maximum.
The stand allows to study efficiency of the units of manual transmissions (the clutch, the divider, the main reduction gear box, the splitter, definition of the unit efficiency, study of the synchronization process, etc.) and mechatronic control systems for automatic or semi-automatic modes as. 3 6 5 4 7 a) 1 2 b) Fig.3 The appearance of the stand for testing manual multistage transmissions with automatic control 1 – The clutch mechanism 2 – The studied multistage transmission; 3 - The drive motor; 4 - The loading motor; 5 -The driveline; 6 – The inertial mass; 7 -The remote control The studies were carried out on the test stand at the command and automatic modes at alternating pressure in the pneumatic system, different frequencies of rotation of the primary shaft and different values of diameter of the solenoid valve nozzle.
Theoretical study of the synchronization processes The obtained experimental data were compared with theoretical values of the synchronization time and of the total cycle of the gear shift, dynamic loads to the synchronizer and other dependences.
Calculated values of synchronization time of certain stages and in all cycles of gear shifting differ from the experimental data by 10-25% maximum.
The calculated values of the synchronization time on certain stages and in all gear-shifting cycles differ from the experimental data by 10-25% maximum Table 2 Results of the experimental and calculated values of the time synchronization Type of lubrication - oil МС-20, Temperature - 325-3350К.
The stand allows to study efficiency of the units of manual transmissions (the clutch, the divider, the main reduction gear box, the splitter, definition of the unit efficiency, study of the synchronization process, etc.) and mechatronic control systems for automatic or semi-automatic modes as. 3 6 5 4 7 a) 1 2 b) Fig.3 The appearance of the stand for testing manual multistage transmissions with automatic control 1 – The clutch mechanism 2 – The studied multistage transmission; 3 - The drive motor; 4 - The loading motor; 5 -The driveline; 6 – The inertial mass; 7 -The remote control The studies were carried out on the test stand at the command and automatic modes at alternating pressure in the pneumatic system, different frequencies of rotation of the primary shaft and different values of diameter of the solenoid valve nozzle.
Theoretical study of the synchronization processes The obtained experimental data were compared with theoretical values of the synchronization time and of the total cycle of the gear shift, dynamic loads to the synchronizer and other dependences.
Calculated values of synchronization time of certain stages and in all cycles of gear shifting differ from the experimental data by 10-25% maximum.
The calculated values of the synchronization time on certain stages and in all gear-shifting cycles differ from the experimental data by 10-25% maximum Table 2 Results of the experimental and calculated values of the time synchronization Type of lubrication - oil МС-20, Temperature - 325-3350К.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Badrol Ahmad, Ng Guat Peng, Mohd Razali Muhamad, M. Ahadlin
The metal temperatures were transmitted, recorded and displayed by a calibrated data logger.
This pronounced reduction in hardness was consistent with the microstructure changes to ferritic matrix with coarsening precipitates.
The experimental creep curves for peak temperature of 900oC, 950oC and 1000oC in this study were compared with the published data from the conference proceeding of European Creep Collaborative Committee (ECCC) [10], Vallourrec & Mannesmann (V & M) boiler manufacturer [11] and ASME SA 213 [12] on virgin materials.
Nevertheless, the high temperature creep endurance property had dropped approximately 40%, in the range of creep rupture time between 1,000 hours and 10,000 hours, as compared to the published creep data of virgin alloys .
[3] Nippon Steel Corporation, Data Package for NF616 Ferritic Steel, January 1993, second edition, March (1994)
This pronounced reduction in hardness was consistent with the microstructure changes to ferritic matrix with coarsening precipitates.
The experimental creep curves for peak temperature of 900oC, 950oC and 1000oC in this study were compared with the published data from the conference proceeding of European Creep Collaborative Committee (ECCC) [10], Vallourrec & Mannesmann (V & M) boiler manufacturer [11] and ASME SA 213 [12] on virgin materials.
Nevertheless, the high temperature creep endurance property had dropped approximately 40%, in the range of creep rupture time between 1,000 hours and 10,000 hours, as compared to the published creep data of virgin alloys .
[3] Nippon Steel Corporation, Data Package for NF616 Ferritic Steel, January 1993, second edition, March (1994)
Online since: July 2017
Authors: Carlos Henrique Ataíde, Tiago José Pires de Oliveira, Cássia Regina Cardoso, Wender Santana Carvalho, Fernando Lucas Tibola
They reported that the materials presented high aspect ratio, and the values decreased with the reduction in particle size.
Data processing was performed using the NIST library version 05 and the acquired knowledge and the experience of the research group [7,9].
The cumulative distributions of particle sizes are similar for different vibration frequencies and times, validating the sieving data.
Table 3 shows that the proximate analysis results for the analyzed coffee husks are common values for biomass, results are similar to literature data for soya, olive and rice husks [15]; with volatile matter higher than for rice and olive hulls and ash contents lower than the ones for rice husks.
The results in Table 4 show that pyrolytic vapors from coffee husks at 550°C presented high contents of hydrocarbons and acids if compared to literature data of tobacco residue pyrolytic vapors generated at 600°C, the value of peak area percentage of for carboxylic acids was near 6.0% at this temperature of analytical pyrolysis [9].
Data processing was performed using the NIST library version 05 and the acquired knowledge and the experience of the research group [7,9].
The cumulative distributions of particle sizes are similar for different vibration frequencies and times, validating the sieving data.
Table 3 shows that the proximate analysis results for the analyzed coffee husks are common values for biomass, results are similar to literature data for soya, olive and rice husks [15]; with volatile matter higher than for rice and olive hulls and ash contents lower than the ones for rice husks.
The results in Table 4 show that pyrolytic vapors from coffee husks at 550°C presented high contents of hydrocarbons and acids if compared to literature data of tobacco residue pyrolytic vapors generated at 600°C, the value of peak area percentage of for carboxylic acids was near 6.0% at this temperature of analytical pyrolysis [9].
Online since: February 2020
Authors: Ashok Kumar, H.N Bar, S. Sivaprasad, Girendra Kumar
Tensile properties data are given in Table 1.
Table 1 Typical tensile properties of SA333 Gr-6 steel at room temperature (RT), 300oC and 350oC Temperature YS (MPa) UTS (MPa) EI (%) RA (%) Room Temperature 324.8 523.2 53.5 72.09 300oC 230.9 512.3 48.6 68.6 350oC 235.2 492.5 60.3 78.46 In general, as the temperature increases yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the material decreases and accordingly total elongation and reduction in area increases.
All test data were saved to the computer by the data acquisition system.
In each cycle, 200 data points were recorded. 3.
The reduction in plastic strain amplitude and abnormally high rate of the materials hardening at 300oC is also one of the several manifestations of DSA.
Table 1 Typical tensile properties of SA333 Gr-6 steel at room temperature (RT), 300oC and 350oC Temperature YS (MPa) UTS (MPa) EI (%) RA (%) Room Temperature 324.8 523.2 53.5 72.09 300oC 230.9 512.3 48.6 68.6 350oC 235.2 492.5 60.3 78.46 In general, as the temperature increases yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the material decreases and accordingly total elongation and reduction in area increases.
All test data were saved to the computer by the data acquisition system.
In each cycle, 200 data points were recorded. 3.
The reduction in plastic strain amplitude and abnormally high rate of the materials hardening at 300oC is also one of the several manifestations of DSA.
Online since: November 2016
Authors: Wei Ju Yang, Bin Xu, Yu Ding
Therefore, the construction of green and ecological rural houses should be promoted vigorously to improve the comfort of rural houses, strengthen the energy conservation and emission reduction of rural houses, enhance the habitability of rural houses and quicken the beautiful village construction [1].
This research is of great significance in accelerating the green and ecological rural house construction with the “safe, practical, energy-saving, waste-reduction, economic, beautiful, healthy and comfortable” features in Jiangnan Region.
The meteorological data of Shanghai City is selected in accordance with climatic features of hot summer and cold winter zone.
Experiment number (A) heat transfer coefficient of external wall (w /m2·k) (B) heat transfer coefficient of roof (w /m2·k) (C) heat transfer coefficient of window (w /m2·k) (D) southing window-wall ratio (E) northing window-wall ratio (F) the southing sun-shading coefficient Experiment data/ Heating load (kw·h/m2) Experiment data/ cooling load (kw·h/m2) 1 0.620 0.557 4.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 15.85 28.96 2 0.620 0.812 2.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 19.31 23.94 3 0.620 1.134 2.0 0.6 0.5 0.1 21.04 32.29 4 1.180 0.557 4.0 0.5 0.3 0.1 42.71 22.59 5 1.180 0.812 2.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 25.69 38.27 6 1.180 1.134 2.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 34.41 21.76 7 1.754 0.557 2.5 0.3 0.5 0.2 41.44 28.87 8 1.754 0.812 2.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 45.40 22.22 9 1.754 1.134 4.0 0.6 0.3 0.3 49.97 32.59 10 0.620 0.557 2.0 0.6 0.3 0.2 14.09 25.94 11 0.620 0.812 4.0 0.3 0.5 0.1 28.92 25.52 12 0.620 1.134 2.5 0.5 0.2 0.3 19.83 25.04 13 1.180 0.557 2.5 0.6 0.2 0.1 42.71 22.59 14 1.180 0.812 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 28.19 25.01 15 1.180 1.134 4.0 0.5 0.5 0.2 43.40 31.20 16
[2] Xu Bin, Study on micro-climate design strategy adapt to Jiangnan water town, Paper Colleciton for The Tenth International Conference on Green and Energy-Efficient Building, 2014 [3] Meteorological Data Room, Meteorological Information Center, China Meteorological Administration.
This research is of great significance in accelerating the green and ecological rural house construction with the “safe, practical, energy-saving, waste-reduction, economic, beautiful, healthy and comfortable” features in Jiangnan Region.
The meteorological data of Shanghai City is selected in accordance with climatic features of hot summer and cold winter zone.
Experiment number (A) heat transfer coefficient of external wall (w /m2·k) (B) heat transfer coefficient of roof (w /m2·k) (C) heat transfer coefficient of window (w /m2·k) (D) southing window-wall ratio (E) northing window-wall ratio (F) the southing sun-shading coefficient Experiment data/ Heating load (kw·h/m2) Experiment data/ cooling load (kw·h/m2) 1 0.620 0.557 4.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 15.85 28.96 2 0.620 0.812 2.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 19.31 23.94 3 0.620 1.134 2.0 0.6 0.5 0.1 21.04 32.29 4 1.180 0.557 4.0 0.5 0.3 0.1 42.71 22.59 5 1.180 0.812 2.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 25.69 38.27 6 1.180 1.134 2.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 34.41 21.76 7 1.754 0.557 2.5 0.3 0.5 0.2 41.44 28.87 8 1.754 0.812 2.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 45.40 22.22 9 1.754 1.134 4.0 0.6 0.3 0.3 49.97 32.59 10 0.620 0.557 2.0 0.6 0.3 0.2 14.09 25.94 11 0.620 0.812 4.0 0.3 0.5 0.1 28.92 25.52 12 0.620 1.134 2.5 0.5 0.2 0.3 19.83 25.04 13 1.180 0.557 2.5 0.6 0.2 0.1 42.71 22.59 14 1.180 0.812 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 28.19 25.01 15 1.180 1.134 4.0 0.5 0.5 0.2 43.40 31.20 16
[2] Xu Bin, Study on micro-climate design strategy adapt to Jiangnan water town, Paper Colleciton for The Tenth International Conference on Green and Energy-Efficient Building, 2014 [3] Meteorological Data Room, Meteorological Information Center, China Meteorological Administration.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Hai Tang Zhang, Chang Zhong Liu, Shi Zhu Wang, Guo Wang Li, Zhi Guo Miao
bAll the data was analysed values except digestible energy which was calculated using swine NRC (1998) values.
For all data, the model included the main effects of breed group.
And all data are presented as mean ± S.E.M.
These data agree with the results reported by previous report [5], which The Taihu pig characterized by low growth rate and carcass lean content, as well as high fat deposition, whereas, Landrace pigs are known by high growth rate and carcass lean content, but low fat deposition.
FAS) as well as a decline in adipocyte insulin sensitivity [19], thereby leading to a decrease in lipogenesis and consequent reduction in adipose tissue mass.
For all data, the model included the main effects of breed group.
And all data are presented as mean ± S.E.M.
These data agree with the results reported by previous report [5], which The Taihu pig characterized by low growth rate and carcass lean content, as well as high fat deposition, whereas, Landrace pigs are known by high growth rate and carcass lean content, but low fat deposition.
FAS) as well as a decline in adipocyte insulin sensitivity [19], thereby leading to a decrease in lipogenesis and consequent reduction in adipose tissue mass.
Online since: November 2016
Authors: Margarete Soares da Silva, Alberto Adriano Cavalheiro, Tiziana Azario de Medeiros, Graciele Vieira Barbosa, Igor Silva de Sá, Eliane Kujat Fischer
Metallic nanoparticles can be inserted into mesoporous matrix in several steps, which includes previous cation adsorption followed by chemical reduction under hydrogen gas [5].
In addition, the adsorbed volume data obtained by Nitrogen Adsorption-Desorption Isotherm at 77K were mathematically treated in order to obtain the values of pore and surface area as a function of oxidation degree.
From the adsorption-desorption isotherm data, T-plot, Dubinin-Radushkevich and BET methods were used to calculated, respectively, external surface area, micropore surface area, and total surface area [15].
The XRD patterns of the pyrolysed and oxidized samples were compared with several possible phases carrying out an accurate search in the JCPDS data bank [16].
[16] JCPDS - Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards/International Center for Diffraction Data, Pennsylvania, Powder Diffraction File 2003.
In addition, the adsorbed volume data obtained by Nitrogen Adsorption-Desorption Isotherm at 77K were mathematically treated in order to obtain the values of pore and surface area as a function of oxidation degree.
From the adsorption-desorption isotherm data, T-plot, Dubinin-Radushkevich and BET methods were used to calculated, respectively, external surface area, micropore surface area, and total surface area [15].
The XRD patterns of the pyrolysed and oxidized samples were compared with several possible phases carrying out an accurate search in the JCPDS data bank [16].
[16] JCPDS - Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards/International Center for Diffraction Data, Pennsylvania, Powder Diffraction File 2003.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Zheng Gen Liao, Liang Shan Ming, Juan Luo, Qie Ying Jiang, Zhi Wei Xiong, Rong Gui Zeng, Zhe Li
Data analysis.
The differences in average of data were compared by simple analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) or independent sample T-test.
The physical interpretation of data would be limited to only the main effects.
Parameter estimates were statistically significant shown in Table 2 and the physical interpretation of data would be limited to only the main effects.
A large angle of repose could create a reduction in the fill rate and thereby affecting the yield of granule [7].
The differences in average of data were compared by simple analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) or independent sample T-test.
The physical interpretation of data would be limited to only the main effects.
Parameter estimates were statistically significant shown in Table 2 and the physical interpretation of data would be limited to only the main effects.
A large angle of repose could create a reduction in the fill rate and thereby affecting the yield of granule [7].
Online since: March 2022
Authors: Thawatchai Phaechamud, Ei Mon Khaing, Torsak Intaraphairot
Statistical analysis
All data are expressed as means ± standard deviation (SD).
Data were analyzed by using SPSS 15.0 software and statistical analysis was determined using one-way ANOVA.
Data are expressed as three independent assays with triplicate testing.
Data are expressed as three independent assays with triplicate testing. * P < 0.05 compared with IM.
The treated cell death might be partially due to apoptosis, which showed cell shrinkage and reduction in cell numbers; however, further evaluation is necessary for more understanding the mechanism of action.
Data were analyzed by using SPSS 15.0 software and statistical analysis was determined using one-way ANOVA.
Data are expressed as three independent assays with triplicate testing.
Data are expressed as three independent assays with triplicate testing. * P < 0.05 compared with IM.
The treated cell death might be partially due to apoptosis, which showed cell shrinkage and reduction in cell numbers; however, further evaluation is necessary for more understanding the mechanism of action.