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Because of the complexity of hemming process, diversification of design parameters of automotive panels hemming die, and the nonlinear of material mechanical property, it is not a easy work to predict and control the defects of hemmed panel, so in the actual manufacturing process, skilled workers have to tryout the hemming die again and again to minimize the quality defect of automotive panels.
Further in their paper studied how edge line radius, hem length and final hem force to affect forming defects during the flat surface-convex edge hemming process by the way of orthogonal matrix method [3].
In this paper, based on the finite element simulation, a mechanical model of hemming process was constructed.
Geometric and process parameters are: inner panel and outer panel thickness t = 0.9mm, punch radius Rd = 1mm, flanging die corner radius Rp = 2mm, flange length L=6mm, distance between inner panel and flanging die 2mm, gap C = 0.99mm, pre-hemmer angle = 45°, friction factor 0.1.
Mechanical model of hemming process Considering the complexity of hemming process, the finite element analysis combined with mechanical model method was proposed to analyze the bending moment and warp in the hemming forming process.

CFG pile composite foundation stability was affected by pile spacing, pile quality, and embankment height etc.
How to analyze the interaction among above factors was a systemic project.
The effect of soils property and pile spacing on Pile-cushion-soil interaction was analyzed.
Model Parameter In order to reproduce archetype material physical and mechanical properties the similarity theory must be followed in the tests.
Because that the number of J01 strain gauge was close to the piles top where disturb factors relatively excessive, what made tests data fluctuant and error large.

However, several factors limit the utilities of titanium coatings.
And influence of crystal system, nucleation density and adhesiveness properties of Ti films are characterized.
Thereby the density was affected.
Amon, "Investigation of interface properties of Ti/Ni/Ag thin films on Si substrate," Vacuum, vol. 82, pp. 162-165, 2007
Teng, "Effect of temperature on residual stress and mechanical properties of Ti films prepared by both ion implantation and ion beam assisted deposition," Applied Surface Science, vol. 255, pp. 4484-4490, 2009

The mechanical properties of the material are given in table 2 below.
Mechanical Properties of AISI50100 Steel.
A method of indirect measurement of crack length is developed and described as well as the mathematical formulation necessary to calculate the stress intensity factors from the CMOD.
In the future, we intend to explore further, the effect of welding on the crack propagation properties as well as the effects on crack closure, fractography, effect of heat treatment and threshold fatigue.
Suzuki and Y, Maeda: Unique fatigue threshold and growth properties of welded joints in a tensile residual stress field, Int.

Recent years, many model scale experiments[1,2,3,4,5] are the state of the art prediction method studying ice mechanic properties.
Lindqvist[6](1989) divided ice resistance into different components and influential factors based on the physical analysis.
Multi-surface failure criterion for ice The mechanical behavior of ice varies with different strain rates.
Calculation Results With the established environment model, use the Modified DYTRAN to calculate the time history response. 4.1 Ice and ship characteristics Ice properties differ with the region.
“A review of the engineering properties of sea ice”, Cold Regions Science and Technology, Vol.60, 2010, pp.107-129

The main influence factors on retention effect, such as dosage of polymethyl acrylate emulsion, pH value of the bleached wheat straw pulp, reaction time after adding the polymethyl acrylate emulsion and stir velocity were discussed in detail.
Usually retention aid in the slurry is pointing to join retention aid agent through the colloid adsorption and mechanical intercept role to improve tiny fiber, packing in the online micro-sized particles with, this process tiny fiber, retention aid agent of the composition such as performance (such as take power) along with the size of the pH value change can have certain change, thus influence its retention aid effect, such as anionic type retention aid agent on the system pH value dependence is bigger, especially when pH value rises, its retention aid effect greatly abate.
This article chooses less affected by the slurry pH self-control type quaternary ammonium salt cationic monomer participate in cationic organic particles preparation, will the products and anionic polymer composition particle retention aid system applied to wheat straw pulp bleaching.
General polymer retention aid agent to join in thick liquid material, can be in slurry components surface through a series of dynamic change processes: adsorption, reconstruction, diffusion and transfer, molecular chain rupture, so as to reduce the loss of the polymer even flocculation properties.
In organic particles system, the two components on the mechanism of the thick liquid material and the factors which influence the reaction is different, accordingly, selecting proper use proportion in order to get the best synergy retention aid effect is very necessary.

It is not only the number of components in a system that affect the properties of the composite, processing method also does.
The mechanical properties improvement especially fractural toughness is one of the major areas of concern in ceramic research [3, 27].
Kuo, Mechanical properties of Al2O3/ZrO2 composites.
[13] Orange, G., et al., High temperature mechanical properties of reaction-sintered mullite/zirconia and mullite/alumina/zirconia composites.
Ai, Effect of initial particulate and sintering temperature on mechanical properties and microstructure of WC-ZrO2-VC ceramic composites.

This may affect any of the numerous characteristic properties normally associated with metal engineering structures.
Obviously a nominally identical type of metal sheet can have strongly varying mechanical properties concerning both static and cyclic characteristics.
It was also shown that the potential for work hardening during the fatigue lifetime of an austenitic steel depends strongly on two factors.
A temperature reduction can, for example, favour the evolution of martensite in the material during forming, enhancing its mechanical and cyclic properties.
References [1] SEP 1240: Testing and Documentation Guideline for the Experimental Determination of Mechanical Properties of Steel Sheets for CAE-Calculations, Stahlinstitut VDEh 1st Edition, (2006) [2] L.F.

Macro Hydroforming Micro hydroforming has some similarities to macro hydroforming, therefore the research methods and key factors in macro hydroforming can be drawn on for study of micro hydroforming.
Moreover, ignorable factors at macro scale, such as surface tension and Van der Waals force, become significant and should be considered.
Given the inhomogeneity of material, twelve different regions were chosen to obtain the material properties.
Then, these twelve material properties were applied in the FE model to represent randomness of grain characteristics.
Then Voronoi tessellation was employed for representing microstructure, where each Voronoi cell stands for one grain with different properties [25].

The kinds and the properties of composite materials and superhard cutting-tool materials are introduced in this paper.
It is made of two or more materials whose mechanical, physical and chemical properties are completely different.
The properties of reinforced materials are listed in Table1.
The Kinds and Properties of Superhard Cutting-Tool Materials Natural Diamond．Its code name is ND.
That is I=ｍv2－ｍv１ (5) So, we can see, the factors that affect machinability of particle reinforced composite materials and harming for cutting tools are as follows.