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Online since: April 2015
Authors: Xian Hui Wang, Jun Tao Zou, Shu Hua Liang, Chan Wang, Yang Li
So far, a number of investigations have been reported on the properties of the alloy.
Wang et al [7] refined the grain of the aluminum bronze by multiple alloying, and studied its effect on material strength and load bearing capacity.
This can be attributed to the precipitation of the hard carbide particles at the grain boundaries after ageing treatment of the 30CrMnSi alloy [9].
At 50oC, besides the formation of grooves, numbers of fish scale structure occur on the wear surface.
Meanwhile, lots of fine particles and debris form at the bottom of the grooves, along with a large number of corrosion pits, showing that fatigue wear is the typical wear mode.
Online since: October 2018
Authors: Denis Rinatovich Salikhyanov, Sergei Gladkovsky, A.I. Potapov
In this paper the authors present the results of a study of plasticity and deformation resistance of the number of structural steels at temperatures of hot rolling.
Quality of rolled products from ingots is determined by a large number of factors [1 – 6].
Chemical composition of investigated steels (wt.%) Steel grade Investigated characteristic Conventional melt number C Si Mn Alloying elements S P Mn/S Low-carbon steels 20 Λr 28 0.20 0.20 0.39 - 0.010 0.008 39.0 σs 23 0.19 0.20 0.40 - 0.015 0.018 20Kh Λr 33 0.18 0.26 0.70 0.92 Cr 0.031 0.013 22.5 σs 99 0.19 0.23 0.69 0.89 Cr 0.029 0.009 AC14 Λr 69 0.12 0.03 1.23 - 0.164 0.009 7.5 σs 93 0.11 0.08 1.29 - 0.162 0.011 S355J2G3 Λr 36 0.19 0.22 1.48 - 0.020 0.013 74.0 σs 53 0.19 0.20 1.37 - 0.022 0.019 16MnCrS5 Λr 30 0.17 0.21 1.12 0.86 Cr 0.029 0.011 38.6 σs 95 0.17 0.22 1.15 0.88 Cr 0.026 0.013 Medium carbon steel 080M40 Λr 66 0.42 0.24 0.84 - 0.022 0.015 38.2 σs 67 0.41 0.22 0.71 - 0.030 0.012 30KhGSA Λr 84 0.30 1.01 0.89 0.96 Cr 0.021 0.014 42.4 σs 41 0.30 0.99 0.88 0.97 Cr 0.014 0.007 38KhMA Λr, σs 97 0.36 0.26 0.46 0.96 Cr 0.21 Mo 0.014 0.008 32.8 38KhS Λr 94 0.37 1.11 0.38 1.30 Cr 0.012 0.015 31.7 σs 67 0.36 1.08
Hot brittleness usually occurs in the temperature range of 900 – 1050 °C and is explained [9, 10] by the presence of thin layers of low-melting sulfides and oxysulphides on primary grain boundaries.
Wherein manganese sulfides are formed not at the grain boundaries but in their volume.
Online since: January 2021
Authors: K. Abdellaoui, A. Boumaza, N. Kamoun
Dolomite is one of the commonest minerals that abound in the formation of a number of geological conditions.
All infrared spectra are reporting absorbance (A= - log (I/I0)) as a function of the incident wave numbers.
The Ain Mimoun ENOF Company provided the physical data, the chemical composition and the grain size data, which are listed in the table 1 below: Table 1.
The physical characteristics, chemical composition, and the uses are of the dolomite Nomenclature: CaMg(CO3)2, calcium and magnesium double carbonate Physical characteristics Color Light grey Hardness (Mohs) 3.5- 4 Density 2.89 g/cm3 Melting temperature 1400°C ………… Chemical composition CaO MgO SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 TiO2 P.A.F (Perte au feu) à 500°C 31.45 20.38 0.20 0.036 0.034 0.02 ~47.00 Grain size; less than 75μm (97% of the total) Packaging: 1.5 ton big bag Areas of Use Glass industry, ceramic industry, chemical industry Results and Discussion The Macrographics /Micrographics Aspects and the EDX Analysis of the Dolomite Fig. 1.
X-ray Diffraction Analysis The X-ray spectrum at room temperature shown in the figure 3 (black curves), of the dolomite present a perfect correspondence with the number reference data of the code (Identity Card: 00-36-0426), which confirms the Rhombohedral crystal system of this complex; the crystallographic data indicates that the Space group SG is R-3 (148) [10-14].
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Qing Qing Liu, Xiao Chun Cong
Then a number of experimental data are obtained and a fitting formula is derived with the aid of Matlab.
Coal dust is the transportation of the bulk grain caused by the flow of the air close to the surface of coal.
Table 1 Size Grading of Coal (μm) Size Grain n Percent (%) Reference <45 <70 <100 <250 <500 <750 <1000 <2000 <6000 this study 25.25 54.96 61.17 100 Wang, B.Z., et al. 3.01 5.71 3.01 15.64 33.13 57.59 Wang, X.F., et al. 1.62 2.86 10.58 12.74 17 20 100 Zhang, X.C., et al Sample I 23.68 100 Sample II 18.25 100 Sample III 5.83 100 To more fully investigate the effect of moisture content and wind velocity on dust emission, a combined theoretical and empirical wind-tunnel study is undertaken.
Online since: June 2010
Authors: Robert Panowicz, Jacek Janiszewski
In connection with the above, the number of fragments, their size and distribution were determined on the basis of multiple experimental ring tests.
Mechanical properties of the cold-rolled Cu-ETP copper Ultimate tensile strength Rm [MPa] Yield strength R0,2 [MPa] Elongation A5 [-] Hardness HV1 Average grain size [µm] 263 239 0.30 90 55 The dimensions of the rings were: mean diameter - 32 mm, cross-sectional area - 1 x 1 mm.
Of course, the fragments number and their length change from experiment to experiment.
The number of experiments should be equal or greater than one thousand.
Multiple tests with mean maximum radial velocity of 170 m/s revealed that average number and length of fragments were 10.96 and 13.27 mm, respectively.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Zeng Li Xiao, Jun Bin Chen, Wen Long Qin
Abstract: The fine grain, poor sorting and high cement content in low permeability reservoirs lead to poor reservoir property, low porosity and permeability and have strong damage to the reservoir .The conventional way of low permeability oil mining is mainly fracture and chemical flooding, which cost is relatively high and will cause serious irreparable damage to formation.
Table 2 Orthogonal table Test number column number 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 1 3 3 3 4 2 1 2 3 5 2 2 3 1 6 2 3 1 2 7 3 1 3 2 8 3 2 1 3 9 3 3 2 1 The orthogonal test of table 3 comes according to table 1 and table 2.
Table 3 Orthogonal parameter table factor number A f(Hz) B P0(MPa) C P(MPa) 1 40 2 1 2 40 5 1.5 3 40 8 2 4 60 2 1.5 5 60 5 2 6 60 8 1 7 80 2 2 8 80 5 1 9 80 8 1.5 Results and analysis The core data and the experiment data of the low frequency hydraulic pulse wave displacement involved in this experiment are recorded in table 4.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51304159 and No.51374170) Table 5 The analysis results of orthogonal residual oil saturation test number 1 A(frequency Hz) 2 B(ststic pressure MPa) 3 C (dynamic pressure MPa) test indicator residual oil saturation (%) 1 1 1 1 32.5 2 1 2 2 30.92 3 1 3 3 31.21 4 2 1 2 25.27 5 2 2 3 23.92 6 2 3 1 21.32 7 3 1 3 27.50 8 3 2 1 27.81 9 3 3 2 27.52 K1 94.63 85.27 75.14 the level of each factor summation index K2 70.51 82.65 83.71 K3 82.83 80.05 79.05 K1/3 31.54 28.42 25.05 the level of each factor and the average index K2/3 23.50 27.55 27.90 K3/3 27.61 26.68 26.35 range 8.04 1.74 2.85 the best scheme A2 B3 C1 optimal solution A2 B3 C1 Table 6 The orthogonal analysis results of recovery test number 1 A(frequency Hz)) 2 B(ststic pressure MPa) 3 C (dynamic pressure MPa) test indicator residual oil saturation (%) 1 1 1 1 51.64 2 1 2 2 54.73 3 1 3 3 53.34 4 2 1 2 63.75 5 2
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Feng Zhu
The biology stop growing, forming organisms grain bank (Figure 2).
Then the energy of water enhanced, a large number of biological reef developed.
When transgressive systems tract deposited, the energy of water was low, and the bank body is thin, which is characterized by vertically stacking aggradation and retrogradation parasequence of grain bank and mudstone mound.
When HST deposited, the energy of the water is high, and developed three stage reef-bank complexes, which is characterized by vertically stacking aggradation and retrogradation parasequence of grain bank and mudstone mound from bottom to top that gradually migrated to the basin and slopes.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Jan Sieniawski, Marek Poręba, Waldemar Ziaja
As a abrasive material alundum 95EA was used with grain diameter of 400µm and following parameters were applied: air pressure – 45MPa, nozzle diameter – 9mm, nozzle angle – 90° and nozzle distance from the surface – 150-170mm.
a) b) 2 1 c) d) 3 4 Fig. 2 Microstructure of the Renè77 superalloy substrate after heat treatment (a,b) and after aluminizing treatment (c,d): g’ precipitates in the g phase matrix, TiC and MoC carbides Table 3 Chemical composition in the selected zones of the substrate Zone number (Fig. 2) Element content [wt.%] Al Ti Cr Co Mo Ni 1 1.2 49.1 7.7 5.1 18.8 18.1 2 - 4.3 33.9 4.1 50.5 7.2 3 1.9 55.4 7.9 4.7 11.8 18.3 4 - 4.4 33.7 2.4 54.6 4.9 Cross-sectional microstructure of the coated Rene77 alloy prior to oxidation is shown in Fig.3.
The outer layer, from the original substrate surface to the coating surface, was mainly composed of single phase β-NiAl grains (containing also Cr, Co and Ti) (Tab. 4).
Following stages of heat treatment fostered precipitation of M23C6 carbides in the grain boundaries.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Quan Li Feng, Rong Yang, Yu Jia, Chun Mei Shi
The used experimental reagents were mainly grain activated carbon (analysis pure), oil of vitriol, potassium biphthalate tag liquid, the special oxidant equipped with the apparatus etc.
A quantitative cleansed grain activated carbon was taken into the 500ml taper flask, afterwards 50ml retting hemp waste water was poured into it.
After the grain activated carbon adsorbed to the saturated situation, the circumfluence experiment was made by means of microwave energy as heat energy under the certain microwave radiation power and microwave irradiation time.
Tab.1 Orthogonal experimental factor levels Level A B C D Microwave radiation power Microwave radiation time Dosage of activated carbon Initial pH value of waste water 1 2 3 320w 528w 680w 7min 10min 13min 5g 7g 9g 1 2 3 Tab.2 Orthogonal experimental results Number Factors Removal ratio of COD A B C D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 A3 A3 A3 B1 B2 B3 B1 B2 B3 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3 C2 C3 C1 C3 C1 C2 D1 D2 D3 D3 D1 D2 D2 D3 D1 49.4% 54.5% 55.8% 50.9% 15.5% 53.3% 53.1% 50.4% 52.8% It could be seen from the analyses that, the influence sequences of the four factors were in turn the initial pH value of the waste water, the microwave radiation time, the microwave radiation power and the dosage of activated carbon.
Online since: January 2022
Authors: Hasmik Qaramyan
In comparison with concrete mixes dry mixes are distinguished by small number of technological processes and raw waste, and due to high plasticity of the mortars are distinguished by high productivity [1,2].
The study of the mortar samples taken from the structure stone composition and constructive elements have provided the opportunity to find out that the stone composition is performed from the stones made of local granite rock and the mortar – from the same granite coarse grains resulted from the weathering effect [12].
The name of the rock Contents % SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 FeO MgO CaO Na2O K2O SO3 granite 70.01 0.32 16.28 1.42 - 1.02 2.45 6.91 6.85 0.12 Average density, kg/m3 Water absorption % Compressive strength, MPa Weight Volumetric 2.702…2.710 0.09…0.1 0.25…0.30 148…155 The research also showed that the plastering of the structure interior area wholly covered by murals is triple-layered, moreover the intermediate layer formed of sand-lime mortar contains up to 3mm fine-grained additive of the ceramic brick that forms 10-15% of the granite filler.
The fine-grained additive being the active additive for lime binder is capable to form hydrosilicates and hydroaluminosilicates by interacting with the latter form hydrosilicates և hydroaluminosilicates thereby contributing to the increase of water resistance.
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