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Online since: October 2014
Authors: Shuang Xi Jing, Jun Fa Leng, Song Tao Guo, Xing Yu Zhao
Constrained independent component analysis (cICA) is a new theory and new method derived from the independent component analysis (ICA).It can extract the desired independent components (ICs) from the data based on some prior information, thus overcoming the uncertainty of the traditional ICA.
Experiments with real-world data The main parameters of the third reducer gearbox are as follows: The actual inputting speed is 975r / min; Matching motor power is 400 kw; reduction ratio is 20; The number of teeth on the gears are: Z1=23,Z2=53,Z3=19,Z4=67,Z5=19,Z6=67.We can calculate the speed of each shaft: n1=975 r / min, n2=423.1 r / min n3=120 r / min n4=34.0 r / min; the rotation frequency: fr1=16.25 Hz, fr2=7.05 Hz , fr3=2.0 Hz, fr4=0.57 Hz; the meshing frequency :fg1=374.0 Hz, fg2=134.1Hz fg3=38.0Hz.
Using DASP2003 whose has Automatic data acquisition and signal processing system to collect vertical, horizontal and axial vibration acceleration signals of three directions.
T., et al:Employing spatially constrained ICA and wavelet denoising, for automatic removal of artifacts from multichannel EEG data.
Experiments with real-world data The main parameters of the third reducer gearbox are as follows: The actual inputting speed is 975r / min; Matching motor power is 400 kw; reduction ratio is 20; The number of teeth on the gears are: Z1=23,Z2=53,Z3=19,Z4=67,Z5=19,Z6=67.We can calculate the speed of each shaft: n1=975 r / min, n2=423.1 r / min n3=120 r / min n4=34.0 r / min; the rotation frequency: fr1=16.25 Hz, fr2=7.05 Hz , fr3=2.0 Hz, fr4=0.57 Hz; the meshing frequency :fg1=374.0 Hz, fg2=134.1Hz fg3=38.0Hz.
Using DASP2003 whose has Automatic data acquisition and signal processing system to collect vertical, horizontal and axial vibration acceleration signals of three directions.
T., et al:Employing spatially constrained ICA and wavelet denoising, for automatic removal of artifacts from multichannel EEG data.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Omidreza Sadaatian, Norasikin A. Ludin, M. Reza Faraji Zonooz, K. Sopian, Nilofar Asim
In order to develop and promote ISWM, it is required to compile a comprehensive data on present and anticipated waste situations, supportive policy frameworks, knowledge and capacity [3] .
Many large power producers in industrialized countries are looking to biomass as a means of meeting greenhouse gas reduction targets.
This data promote the utilization of waste biomass globally.
DTA curve, on the other hand, provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as crystallization, melting, glass transitions, and sublimation.
Obtaining comprehensive data on chemical and physical structure and properties of agricultural waste is vital for evaluating their capability for specified application and also for finding proper treatment for enhancing their efficiency.
Many large power producers in industrialized countries are looking to biomass as a means of meeting greenhouse gas reduction targets.
This data promote the utilization of waste biomass globally.
DTA curve, on the other hand, provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as crystallization, melting, glass transitions, and sublimation.
Obtaining comprehensive data on chemical and physical structure and properties of agricultural waste is vital for evaluating their capability for specified application and also for finding proper treatment for enhancing their efficiency.
Online since: October 2006
Authors: M. Labanti, E. Trentini, B. Riccardi
They are in agreement with literature data [4,17] and fit power laws of
the type t = Aσ
1/n and dε/dt = B σ
m
respectively.
The data at 1000°C fit a power law.
This result is consistent with literature data [4,14] and indicates that the composite can avoid the matrix crack propagation produced in the first loading cycle, in fact the microcracking process is arrested during cyclic loading and remains stationary because the fibre bridging in the crack wake reduce stress intensity at the crack tip.
The reduction of the tangent modulus and the strain ratchetting can be related to creep damage, as it has been found by several authors [4, 12].
The data are in good agreement with literature values obtained on similar materials.
The data at 1000°C fit a power law.
This result is consistent with literature data [4,14] and indicates that the composite can avoid the matrix crack propagation produced in the first loading cycle, in fact the microcracking process is arrested during cyclic loading and remains stationary because the fibre bridging in the crack wake reduce stress intensity at the crack tip.
The reduction of the tangent modulus and the strain ratchetting can be related to creep damage, as it has been found by several authors [4, 12].
The data are in good agreement with literature values obtained on similar materials.
Online since: October 2023
Authors: Rosario Domingo, Marta María Marín, Roque Calvo, Manuel Rodríguez-Martín
And although a delamination reduction seems to occur in cryogenic drilling, there is still no clear identification of parameters, types of drill bits and even the temperature to be reached [15].
This method allows determining a density function when the data do not necessarily fit a known distribution and its expression can be seen in Eq. (2), where n is the number of observations, h is the smoothing bandwidth, Xi is the value of each observation, K is the Kernel function.
For these statistical analyzes, Kernel density estimation and non-parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Statgraphics software [20] was used to conduce the data.
This is inconsistent with Safri et al. [1] that found that a high density in a fiberglass reinforced composite favors a low delamination, but is consistent with other data found in the literature [5, 6].
In Fig. 3 (Fig. 3.a for DFi and Fig. 3.b for DFo) can be seen that the diameters data does not fit a normal distribution, in particular those corresponding to PA66-GF30.
This method allows determining a density function when the data do not necessarily fit a known distribution and its expression can be seen in Eq. (2), where n is the number of observations, h is the smoothing bandwidth, Xi is the value of each observation, K is the Kernel function.
For these statistical analyzes, Kernel density estimation and non-parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Statgraphics software [20] was used to conduce the data.
This is inconsistent with Safri et al. [1] that found that a high density in a fiberglass reinforced composite favors a low delamination, but is consistent with other data found in the literature [5, 6].
In Fig. 3 (Fig. 3.a for DFi and Fig. 3.b for DFo) can be seen that the diameters data does not fit a normal distribution, in particular those corresponding to PA66-GF30.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Przemysław Osocha
All these devices have at their disposal a wide range of possibilities to connect and exchange data.
For example, in embedded devices, the data that is stored and transferred can be ciphered by a secure cryptographic algorithm, but in some time, it could be broken by discovering the weaknesses or just by brute force attacks of new, more powerful computers.
For example, a point to point transfer protocol (MS-PPTP) used in TCP/IP networks has design errors discovered in time, and it uses the same key twice for transfers of the data in both directions: to a server and to a client.
What is more, it is often possible to reverse the results of that attack, using a backup copy of data.
FPGA-based Node receives a ciphered modulated signal from Proximity Sensor, maintains all the necessary processing of data and provides Control Center with information on sensed movements and likely errors which constitute possible breaches of the system.
For example, in embedded devices, the data that is stored and transferred can be ciphered by a secure cryptographic algorithm, but in some time, it could be broken by discovering the weaknesses or just by brute force attacks of new, more powerful computers.
For example, a point to point transfer protocol (MS-PPTP) used in TCP/IP networks has design errors discovered in time, and it uses the same key twice for transfers of the data in both directions: to a server and to a client.
What is more, it is often possible to reverse the results of that attack, using a backup copy of data.
FPGA-based Node receives a ciphered modulated signal from Proximity Sensor, maintains all the necessary processing of data and provides Control Center with information on sensed movements and likely errors which constitute possible breaches of the system.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Laurenţiu Slătineanu, Irina Beşliu, Dumitru Amarandei
The advantages of high speed machining components in their hardened states reported by the scientific literature [1, 2, 3] usually refers to: reduction of machining costs by diminishing process time and reduction of tool variety, improved surface integrity, burr free components, lower cutting forces, elimination of part distortion caused by heat treatment, elimination of the cutting lubricants, increased fatigue life of the workpiece, compressive residual stress and high removal rates.
Orthogonal arrays are an important tool of the Taguchi method that facilitate experiment data processing and reduce the numbers of the needed experiments.
In order to reduce testing and data processing time, Taguchi proposes plans of experiments in which the objective of the acquiring data are set in a controlled way.
The figure presents the mean effect plots obtained after processing the experimental data obtained with specialized software- Minitab.
The analysis of variance given for the regression Eq. 5 obtained from the experimental data is presented in Table 5.
Orthogonal arrays are an important tool of the Taguchi method that facilitate experiment data processing and reduce the numbers of the needed experiments.
In order to reduce testing and data processing time, Taguchi proposes plans of experiments in which the objective of the acquiring data are set in a controlled way.
The figure presents the mean effect plots obtained after processing the experimental data obtained with specialized software- Minitab.
The analysis of variance given for the regression Eq. 5 obtained from the experimental data is presented in Table 5.
Online since: April 2012
Authors: F. Barrio, D. Zambrana, G. Ferreira, A. Aranda
It is important to highlight that the identification criteria correspond to the availability of energy data for the time period under study and willingness to allow the walkthrough audit.
At this stage, relevant operation data is obtained using appropriate measurement instruments such as thermometers, grid analysers, manometers, flowmeters and programmable logic controllers (PLC).
Once the production line has been divided into different points of study, the necessary energy data to calculate the energy consumption distribution by auxiliary processes has been extracted from the aforementioned sources.
Given that the total energy consumption is calculated from the sum of the elements of vector B , which can be determined from data provided in Table 1, as 645.94 Wh/cycle.
Thus, it will help to define goals and develop continuous energy-reduction programmes.
At this stage, relevant operation data is obtained using appropriate measurement instruments such as thermometers, grid analysers, manometers, flowmeters and programmable logic controllers (PLC).
Once the production line has been divided into different points of study, the necessary energy data to calculate the energy consumption distribution by auxiliary processes has been extracted from the aforementioned sources.
Given that the total energy consumption is calculated from the sum of the elements of vector B , which can be determined from data provided in Table 1, as 645.94 Wh/cycle.
Thus, it will help to define goals and develop continuous energy-reduction programmes.
Online since: September 2018
Authors: Luiz Henrique de Almeida, Leonardo Sales Araújo, Sinara Gabriel Borborema, Aline Raquel Vieira Nunes, Carlos Angelo Nunes
The phases were identified through comparison with simulated diffractograms using the program Powdercell [14], inserting data of the a, w and b-Ti phases as well as space groups, lattice parameters and atomic positions [15].
This indicates a 33.5% reduction in the Young’s modulus of the alloy described in the present work.
The authors concluded, through the XRD, OM and TEM data, that the microstructure of the alloy is strongly dependent on their Nb content, once the volume fraction of α’ phase and athermal ω phase decreased for a higher Nb content.
Potentiodynamic polarization data show that both corrosion and passive current densities decrease when the Nb content increases.
Calvert: Pearson’s Handbook of Crystallographic Data for Intermetallic Phases.
This indicates a 33.5% reduction in the Young’s modulus of the alloy described in the present work.
The authors concluded, through the XRD, OM and TEM data, that the microstructure of the alloy is strongly dependent on their Nb content, once the volume fraction of α’ phase and athermal ω phase decreased for a higher Nb content.
Potentiodynamic polarization data show that both corrosion and passive current densities decrease when the Nb content increases.
Calvert: Pearson’s Handbook of Crystallographic Data for Intermetallic Phases.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Yue Gui, Zhi Hua Yu, Zhao Chang Wang, Ying Jie Hou
This article set the double-row pile as equal length, so that of the back pile is not a independent variable changing with the front; and considered 6 factors: the embed length of the front pile L1, the row distance B, diameters of the front and the back piles as d1, d2 respectively, the top beam h1, the coupling beam h2, and proposed a method that determining input data basing the UD and building the RS via nonparametric regression and through Monte Carlo simulation to generate large amount uniform distributive sample points to seek for global optimization solution.
To acquire the approximate function, there needs to design a series of representative sample points distributing in the high dimension space, thus the UD adopted to aid the experiment design can content the request of uniform and representative data and reduce the test number sharply.
Optimal Case and Analysis On the basis of the RS by nonparametric regression and the SVM technique, so the nonlinear mapping relationship between the input support parameters and the guideposts can be obtained; then get amount of random data generated Monte Carlo as the model input data, the RS output the corresponding response value, and search the minimum engineering quantity can obtain the globally optimal solution rapidly.
Table 3 Optimization results excerpts Listed design B [m] L1 [m] d1 [m] d2 [m] h1 [m] h2 [m] Qi [m3/m] Ks KQ Top [mm] Sett [mm] Original plan 2.5 7.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 6.789 1.357 1.231 23.00 22.00 Opt. 1 2.6 8.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 6.119 1.353 1.334 22.01 24.08 Opt. 2 2.5 8.9 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 6.126 1.353 1.259 23.25 23.70 Opt. 3 2.7 9.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 6.219 1.353 1.430 20.08 24.34 Opt. 4 2.6 9.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 6.262 1.353 1.332 22.19 24.54 Opt. 5 2.5 9.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 6.306 1.353 1.247 23.40 22.43 average relative error of predict value (%) 0.295 4.096 11.1 4.072 From the value in the table, optimal results present that guideposts meet the code requirements and engineering quantity have a reduction of 7.1%~9.8%.
In allusion to the reduction of overall stability coefficient with the increase of the front-pile embed depth, the sample data had already presented the similar characteristics, the reason why it occurred maybe the DSP computing model causes.
To acquire the approximate function, there needs to design a series of representative sample points distributing in the high dimension space, thus the UD adopted to aid the experiment design can content the request of uniform and representative data and reduce the test number sharply.
Optimal Case and Analysis On the basis of the RS by nonparametric regression and the SVM technique, so the nonlinear mapping relationship between the input support parameters and the guideposts can be obtained; then get amount of random data generated Monte Carlo as the model input data, the RS output the corresponding response value, and search the minimum engineering quantity can obtain the globally optimal solution rapidly.
Table 3 Optimization results excerpts Listed design B [m] L1 [m] d1 [m] d2 [m] h1 [m] h2 [m] Qi [m3/m] Ks KQ Top [mm] Sett [mm] Original plan 2.5 7.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 6.789 1.357 1.231 23.00 22.00 Opt. 1 2.6 8.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 6.119 1.353 1.334 22.01 24.08 Opt. 2 2.5 8.9 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 6.126 1.353 1.259 23.25 23.70 Opt. 3 2.7 9.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 6.219 1.353 1.430 20.08 24.34 Opt. 4 2.6 9.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 6.262 1.353 1.332 22.19 24.54 Opt. 5 2.5 9.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 6.306 1.353 1.247 23.40 22.43 average relative error of predict value (%) 0.295 4.096 11.1 4.072 From the value in the table, optimal results present that guideposts meet the code requirements and engineering quantity have a reduction of 7.1%~9.8%.
In allusion to the reduction of overall stability coefficient with the increase of the front-pile embed depth, the sample data had already presented the similar characteristics, the reason why it occurred maybe the DSP computing model causes.
Online since: June 2018
Authors: M. Anto Godwin, Aparna Basavaraja Allannavar, Sarika Joshi, Gadhadar Reddy, S.S. Abhishek, Robert Kelley Bradley
The TGA data showed that the material obtained as the end product of the experiment was free from any impurity.
This data is supported by the fact that nanotubes heated in argon environment showed no change in weight up to 1000⁰C indicating that no oxidation and consequent weight change was seen [19].
Thus, SEM and TEM data are in accordance with TGA data which indicates significant reduction in both carbonaceous and catalyst seed impurities.
It is observed that the nanotubes suffer some damage during the oxidation and removal of catalyst impurity, resulting in the reduction of GD ratio.
Data from different evaluation techniques imposed on the treated SWCNT showed that the process yielded highly pure SWCNT in comparison with the pristine SWCNT.
This data is supported by the fact that nanotubes heated in argon environment showed no change in weight up to 1000⁰C indicating that no oxidation and consequent weight change was seen [19].
Thus, SEM and TEM data are in accordance with TGA data which indicates significant reduction in both carbonaceous and catalyst seed impurities.
It is observed that the nanotubes suffer some damage during the oxidation and removal of catalyst impurity, resulting in the reduction of GD ratio.
Data from different evaluation techniques imposed on the treated SWCNT showed that the process yielded highly pure SWCNT in comparison with the pristine SWCNT.