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Online since: June 2009
Authors: Jun Wang, Chuan Zhen Huang, Hong Tao Zhu, Quan Lai Li, Guo Qun Zhao
Main mechanical
properties of target materials are listed in Table 1.
Mechanical properties of the abrasive are listed in Table 2.
Table 1 Mechanical properties of target materials Material Density [g/cm 3] Hardness [GPa] Flexural Strength [MPa] 96% Alumina Ceramic 3.7 18~22 320 Silicate Glass 2.5 5 50 Table 2 Mechanical properties of the abrasive Abrasive Composition [%] Hv [GPa] ρ [g/cm 3] Al2O3 SiO2 Fe2O3 Al2O3 ≥99% <0.3% <0.15% 20 3.95 Table 3 Abrasive waterjet eroding conditions Eroding Condition Number Target materials Abrasive Average diameter [μm] Pump Pressure [MPa] Standoff Distance [mm] Erosion Angle [°] Traverse Speed [mm/min] 1 Silicate Glass Al2O3 150,120,109 120 15 60 100 2 96% Alumina Ceramic Al2O3 150,120,109 120 5 60 50 3 Silicate Glass Al2O3 120 120 15 90,75,60,45 100 4 96% Alumina Ceramic Al2O3 120 120 5 90,75,60,45 50 5 Silicate Glass Al2O3 120 100,120,140 160,180,200 15 60 100 6 96% Alumina Ceramic Al2O3 120 100,120,140 160,180,200 5 60 50 Results and
A describes the shape of the chip of material above the lateral crack, α' is the shape factor of the indenter (2 for Vickers), ζL and ζ0 are parameters, E is elasticity modulus (GPa), H is hardness of material (GPa), KIC is fracture toughness of material (MPa•m 1/2), δV is the indentation volume (m 3).
Meanwhile, the material removal is affected by micro material structure.
Mechanical properties of the abrasive are listed in Table 2.
Table 1 Mechanical properties of target materials Material Density [g/cm 3] Hardness [GPa] Flexural Strength [MPa] 96% Alumina Ceramic 3.7 18~22 320 Silicate Glass 2.5 5 50 Table 2 Mechanical properties of the abrasive Abrasive Composition [%] Hv [GPa] ρ [g/cm 3] Al2O3 SiO2 Fe2O3 Al2O3 ≥99% <0.3% <0.15% 20 3.95 Table 3 Abrasive waterjet eroding conditions Eroding Condition Number Target materials Abrasive Average diameter [μm] Pump Pressure [MPa] Standoff Distance [mm] Erosion Angle [°] Traverse Speed [mm/min] 1 Silicate Glass Al2O3 150,120,109 120 15 60 100 2 96% Alumina Ceramic Al2O3 150,120,109 120 5 60 50 3 Silicate Glass Al2O3 120 120 15 90,75,60,45 100 4 96% Alumina Ceramic Al2O3 120 120 5 90,75,60,45 50 5 Silicate Glass Al2O3 120 100,120,140 160,180,200 15 60 100 6 96% Alumina Ceramic Al2O3 120 100,120,140 160,180,200 5 60 50 Results and
A describes the shape of the chip of material above the lateral crack, α' is the shape factor of the indenter (2 for Vickers), ζL and ζ0 are parameters, E is elasticity modulus (GPa), H is hardness of material (GPa), KIC is fracture toughness of material (MPa•m 1/2), δV is the indentation volume (m 3).
Meanwhile, the material removal is affected by micro material structure.
Online since: September 2012
Authors: Li Bin Mo, Sen Chen, Jiang Li Cao, Dong Guo
Aggarwal et al [6] revealed that hydrogen incorporation was the primary mechanism for the degradation of ferroelectric properties though oxygen was lost during forming gas annealing.
For example, their mechanical quality factors decreased drastically and their dielectric losses increased considerably.
But after annealing in air at 650 ºC for 30 min, the properties of the capacitors were restored.
In short, atomic hydrogen could induce transformation of PZT ceramics from insulator to semiconductor and have great influences on ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties of these ceramics.
However, little research was paid to the influences of these additives on the penetration properties of hydrogen into ferroelectric ceramics.
For example, their mechanical quality factors decreased drastically and their dielectric losses increased considerably.
But after annealing in air at 650 ºC for 30 min, the properties of the capacitors were restored.
In short, atomic hydrogen could induce transformation of PZT ceramics from insulator to semiconductor and have great influences on ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties of these ceramics.
However, little research was paid to the influences of these additives on the penetration properties of hydrogen into ferroelectric ceramics.
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Josef Šedivý, Stepan Major, Stepan Hubalovsky
Wang [1], discovered its properties during research at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory in 1962.
Nitinol alloys exhibit two closely related and unique properties: shape memory and superelasticity (also called pseudoelasticity).
As a biomedical material, Nitinol has to meet several requirements: high corrosion resistance in chloride-rich medium and biocompatibility combined with suitable mechanical properties.
Between the wall of the artery and the stenograph was assumed friction factor of 0.25.
Wiley, "Effects of low-temperature phase changes on the mechanical properties of alloys near composition TiNi," Journal of Applied Physics 34 (1963)
Nitinol alloys exhibit two closely related and unique properties: shape memory and superelasticity (also called pseudoelasticity).
As a biomedical material, Nitinol has to meet several requirements: high corrosion resistance in chloride-rich medium and biocompatibility combined with suitable mechanical properties.
Between the wall of the artery and the stenograph was assumed friction factor of 0.25.
Wiley, "Effects of low-temperature phase changes on the mechanical properties of alloys near composition TiNi," Journal of Applied Physics 34 (1963)
Online since: April 2021
Authors: D. Benny Anburaj, S. Joshua Gnanamuthu, Govindasamy Nedunchezhian, S. Sathiya, J. Vijayapriya, K. Parasuraman
TAUC plot of Co: ZnO nano particles.
3.4 Photocatalytic properties of the Co: ZnO NPs.
According to the literature, several possible factors affect the photocatalytic activity of TM doped oxide materials: (i) particle sizes and morphologies, (ii) surface properties, and (iii) dopant content.
In our case, the dependence of the photocatalytic activity could not explain by factors (i) and (ii) because of the similar particle and surface properties of the samples.
Thus, the dopant content of the electronic structure of the Co:ZnO NPs is reasonably the dominant factor affecting the photocatalytic activity.
Rad, In-situ sono synthesis of nano N-doped ZnO on wool producing fabric with photo and bio activities, cell viability and enhanced mechanical properties, J.
According to the literature, several possible factors affect the photocatalytic activity of TM doped oxide materials: (i) particle sizes and morphologies, (ii) surface properties, and (iii) dopant content.
In our case, the dependence of the photocatalytic activity could not explain by factors (i) and (ii) because of the similar particle and surface properties of the samples.
Thus, the dopant content of the electronic structure of the Co:ZnO NPs is reasonably the dominant factor affecting the photocatalytic activity.
Rad, In-situ sono synthesis of nano N-doped ZnO on wool producing fabric with photo and bio activities, cell viability and enhanced mechanical properties, J.
Online since: June 2011
Authors: Qiu Xiang Liu, Jun Bo Wu, Yan Ping Jiang, Xin Gui Tang, Shu Juan Kuang
Pinning effects on the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Mn-doped Ba(Zr0.06Ti0.94)O3 ceramics
S.J.
The effect of MnO2 doping on the dielectric and ferroelectric properties was also investigated.
Ionic doping is a common method for optimizing the electrical properties without serious affecting other properties.
Mn as a doping element in common use, it can be used as the sintering-aid to improve the sintering properties, and enhance the quality factor Qm.
The dielectric and ferroelectric properties were studied.
The effect of MnO2 doping on the dielectric and ferroelectric properties was also investigated.
Ionic doping is a common method for optimizing the electrical properties without serious affecting other properties.
Mn as a doping element in common use, it can be used as the sintering-aid to improve the sintering properties, and enhance the quality factor Qm.
The dielectric and ferroelectric properties were studied.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Jin Ming Xu, Chen Da Lu, Yi Jun Zhou
Distinguishing types and distributions of these meso-compositions are of significantly importance in analyzing the properties of granite in practice.
Introduction Granite is generally composed of varying amounts of three mineral compositions, quartz, feldspar and mica, and the relative proportion of these minerals determines the mechanical properties.
Tang and White [9] utilized the Bayes rule to model the distribution of petrophysical properties conditional to sedimentary facies.
Nevertheless, some factors in processing may influence the result.
The methods presented herein may provide more valuable information in the examination of the types of minerals and mechanical properties of rock materials.
Introduction Granite is generally composed of varying amounts of three mineral compositions, quartz, feldspar and mica, and the relative proportion of these minerals determines the mechanical properties.
Tang and White [9] utilized the Bayes rule to model the distribution of petrophysical properties conditional to sedimentary facies.
Nevertheless, some factors in processing may influence the result.
The methods presented herein may provide more valuable information in the examination of the types of minerals and mechanical properties of rock materials.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Hamed Nabizadeh Rafsanjani, Mehdi Kadivar
The size of the particles is very important because at the length scale of the nanometer, the properties of the material actually become affected [1].
A nano-composite is produced by adding nanoparticles to a bulk material in order to improve the bulk material’s properties [1].
The development of new experimental techniques makes it possible to study the properties of cementitious materials at nano scale [4].
A study of concrete at the nanoscale shows that particle packing in concrete can be improved by using nano-silica which leads to a densifying of the micro and nanostructure resulting in improved mechanical properties.
TiO2 (Titanium dioxide) which is a nanoparticle can also add to concrete to improve its properties.
A nano-composite is produced by adding nanoparticles to a bulk material in order to improve the bulk material’s properties [1].
The development of new experimental techniques makes it possible to study the properties of cementitious materials at nano scale [4].
A study of concrete at the nanoscale shows that particle packing in concrete can be improved by using nano-silica which leads to a densifying of the micro and nanostructure resulting in improved mechanical properties.
TiO2 (Titanium dioxide) which is a nanoparticle can also add to concrete to improve its properties.
Online since: April 2013
Authors: I.A. Rafukka, B. Onyekpe, Y. Tijjani
The properties include: refractoriness, thermal shock resistance, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, bulk density and cold crushing strength.
Linear Shrinkage This is the major factor influencing the thermal spalling property of a refractory.
Chesti, Refractories Manufactures, Properties and Applications, Prentice-Hall of India, Private Limited, New Delhi, 1986, Pp. 1-25, Pp. 75-97
[2] S.B Hassan, Modern Refractories, Production, Properties, Testing and Applications, 2005, Pp 1-13, Pp 28-45
Chester, Refractories Production and Properties, The Iron and Steel Institute, London, 1973, Pp.3-13, 295-315, 492-510.
Linear Shrinkage This is the major factor influencing the thermal spalling property of a refractory.
Chesti, Refractories Manufactures, Properties and Applications, Prentice-Hall of India, Private Limited, New Delhi, 1986, Pp. 1-25, Pp. 75-97
[2] S.B Hassan, Modern Refractories, Production, Properties, Testing and Applications, 2005, Pp 1-13, Pp 28-45
Chester, Refractories Production and Properties, The Iron and Steel Institute, London, 1973, Pp.3-13, 295-315, 492-510.
Online since: August 2016
Authors: Sandip Patil, Kamlesh Phapale, Ramesh Singh, R.K.P. Singh
Composite laminates are used in many applications in industries like aerospace and aircraft due to their extremely high strength to weight ratio and corrosion resistance properties.
Introduction There has been a growing interest in using composite materials in place of conventional materials in the industry of aerospace, defense and transportation having tremendous potential of composite materials due to their unique properties, such as extremely high strength to weight ratio and corrosion resistance.
The size of CFRP plate used for experimental work was 150x20x6 mm as shown in Fig.2 The mechanical property of CFRP materials is given in Table 1, Fig. 2 Image of CFRP plate used in experiment The mechanical properties of CFRP materials are shown in Table 1, Table 1, Mechanical properties of CFRP composite Experimental set-up A Hardinge VMC 600II three-axis vertical machining center with a three phase, 50Hz, 25 kW spindle drive was used in drilling tests.
To identify the factors and the levels for the cutting condition, a number of preliminary drilling experiments (~30) were performed.
An increase in feed rate of the drill would be a contributing factor for the increased rate of propagation of crack [11].
Introduction There has been a growing interest in using composite materials in place of conventional materials in the industry of aerospace, defense and transportation having tremendous potential of composite materials due to their unique properties, such as extremely high strength to weight ratio and corrosion resistance.
The size of CFRP plate used for experimental work was 150x20x6 mm as shown in Fig.2 The mechanical property of CFRP materials is given in Table 1, Fig. 2 Image of CFRP plate used in experiment The mechanical properties of CFRP materials are shown in Table 1, Table 1, Mechanical properties of CFRP composite Experimental set-up A Hardinge VMC 600II three-axis vertical machining center with a three phase, 50Hz, 25 kW spindle drive was used in drilling tests.
To identify the factors and the levels for the cutting condition, a number of preliminary drilling experiments (~30) were performed.
An increase in feed rate of the drill would be a contributing factor for the increased rate of propagation of crack [11].
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Kun Shan Li
The use of Solid Edge in the classifiers design
Kun Shan LI1,a
1 School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
alks4316@163.com
Keywords: Solid Edge, separator, three-dimensional design
Abstract: This paper indicates the use of solid edge design methods and Combine traditional separator design experience, based on modern design of efficient separator and three-dimensional design.
Introduction Classifiers are the key equipments in closed-circuit grinding systems, the performance of the classifier will directly affect the technical and the commercial factors of a powder grinding system, and played a decisive role in the quality standard of the grinded powder products, therefore the designing parameters of the internal structures of a classifier is crucial in helping to increase the efficiency of the separating process under certain circulating load.
The animated presentations and photos demonstrate the cyclone classifier’s structures and properties.
References: [1].Kun-shan LI“Evaluation of vibration fluidized classification”1996 4th journal
[2]Kun-shan LI“Optimized design of multi-objective CLT/A cyclone remover” 1998 4th journal
[3].Kun-shan LI“Classifier design” <mechanical research and application>2005 2rd journal
[4].Kun-shan LI“New ball type spreading plate” < China Cement> 2004 11th journal
[5].Kun-shan LI“High efficiency rotor classifier ameliorative improvement” 2005 1st journal
[6].Kun-shan LI“The damages and maintenances of the classifier blades” < Guizhou building materials> 2005 1st journal
[7].Qing-kuan Zeng “cyclone classifier modification” 2001 6th journal
[8].Rong-gen Guan“Green design of construction machinery”--- 2001(10)
[9].Jia-shou Sun“Status and prospects of green design” 1996 2nd journal
Introduction Classifiers are the key equipments in closed-circuit grinding systems, the performance of the classifier will directly affect the technical and the commercial factors of a powder grinding system, and played a decisive role in the quality standard of the grinded powder products, therefore the designing parameters of the internal structures of a classifier is crucial in helping to increase the efficiency of the separating process under certain circulating load.
The animated presentations and photos demonstrate the cyclone classifier’s structures and properties.
References: [1].Kun-shan LI“Evaluation of vibration fluidized classification”