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This paper presents analysis of the influence of the laser hardening bearing 100CrMnSi6-4 steel on the selected properties: hardness and microstructure.
These properties includes mainly surface shaping (individual or total) [1-3]: - topography (stereometry) of the surface by decreasing or increasing the surface roughness and sculpturing, - physical properties, leading to increase of the hardness, strengthening or attributing additional, specific properties, improving tribological and fatigue properties, - chemical properties, mainly resistance towards corrosion, but also catalytic or sorption properties and many others.
In the heat affected zone martensitic-bainitic and bainitic microstructures with microhardness of about 500 HV0.1 were found.
The improvement of the friction wear resistance properties of the 100CrMnSi6-4 bearing steel is noticed, hence the results are very promising.
Napadłek, Influence of the laser hardening on the selected properties of steel.

The BHA model permits prediction of wellbore curvature based on both BHA mechanical behavior and geological influences.
Procedures of the Finite Element Analysis The implementation of the above geometrically nonlinear finite element formulation for the analysis of BHA Model problems consists of the following main steps: Model Property: A steel material will be used with mass density = 7800 kg/m3; Young’s modulus = 209×109; Poisson’s ratio = 0.3.
In contact property option the tangential/normal contact behavior with friction formula (penalty/frictionless) was chosen (friction coefficient = 0.2).
Displacement for Lab and FE Figure (4) shows the Mechanical Results of BHA model interact with Casing and Rock Figure (5) Shows the Force versus Displacement and Inclination Angle Figure (6) Shows the Drilling Speed and RPM along distance bath Figure (7) Comparing the results of Side Force obtained from Abaqus with Landmark Figure (8) 3D Displacement obtained using FE Abaqus Software REFERENCES [1] Lubinski, A: Developments in Petroleum Engineering, Gulf Publishing, Houston, Vol 1, (1987)
B.: Factors Affecting the Control of Borehole Angle in Straight and Directional Wells, paper SPE 5070 presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the SPE, Houston, TX, and October 6-9, 1974

Optimized tool design represents a key factor for such processes, leading to long tool life and hence to low tooling costs.
The results show that the interface properties of the composite are of high quality and the material has a lower vulnerability to cracks after use in production than the conventional tool, respectively material.
Here the manufacturing line often starts with shearing of bar stock material and hot-metal forming processes because of the excellent resulting material properties, the high material utilization and high output rates.
Also a heat affected zone near the welded material is present. 15 mm 40 mm Fig. 2.
Hamiuddin, Correction between mechanical properties and porosity of sintered iron and steels, Powder Metall.

Performance properties are mainly affected by the following: roughness parameter Ra, surface residual stresses and surface microhardness [1].
One of the reasons for such discrepancy is the absence of adjustment for tool material properties in calculations.
The following factors were chosen as the factors determining the value of response function: cutting speed V (90, 135, 180 [m/min]), tool material thermal conductivity factor λ (11, 27, 50 [W/mK]), supply S (0.083; 0.166; 0.256 [mm/rev]).
Possibility of comparison of the factors by the level of significance of their influence on the response function is provided by performance of set of Gauss-Markov conditions [9] – reduction of the factors to the uniform scale and generation of the model in non-dimensional coordinate space.
- stabilize the quality parameters of the machined surfaces due to stabilization of force conditions of the processing which will subsequently lead to decrease in variation of performance properties of the parts and as a consequence decrease the probability of defective parts.

Baker [1] initiated a chart for describing the flow regime in horizontal pipes using numerous fluids; the Abscissa and ordinate axes of the map represent the mass fluxes of the gas and liquid phases and that indirectly involve the fluid properties such as viscosity, density and surface tension.
The phase distribution is playing a major role in the designing of many engineering structures because it affects the values of several parameters such as pressure drop and thermal load, therefore it is necessary to determine the distribution and specify the flow regime that may exist in the system.
The standard combination, at which both parameters λ and ψ equal unity, is water and air flow under atmospheric pressure and at room temperature, where the dimensionless parameters λ and ψ are property correction factors used for any vapor–liquid combination.
Fig. 1: Baker chart. (●) Operating conditions of water–air two phase flow [1] Using the physical properties of any vapor–liquid and air–water properties, the parameters λ and ψ are can be calculated from this equation [6]: (1) (2) Where the subscripts ‘a’ and ‘w’ refer to air and water, respectively at normal temperature and atmospheric pressure, while the subscripts ‘G’ and ‘L’ are refer to vapor and liquid conditions of the fluid being considered.
Rogero, “Experimental Investigation of Developing Plug and Slug Flows,” PhD, Mechanical Engineering, Universität München, Germany, (2009)

Wear of metal surfaces is a complex phenomenon due to various causes and determined by a large number of factors and conditions.
Concomitant intervention of the composition or nature of materials in contact, mechanical properties, quality of surfaces resulting from the execution technology, functional parameters (load, speed, temperature), quality of lubrication and lubricant (where applicable) and many other disruptors factors cause the wear of metal surfaces to occur as a consequence of different causes / phenomena, whose action overlaps.
The same ductile behaviour can also be observed in heat affected zones, for both materials and also for the weld.
In the case of the weld, heat affected zones and the hub, almost identical measured values can be observed, which confirms the welding technology chosen for the two different types of materials.
In view of the results obtained, in particular for the base material of the axle, and the way in which it broke during operation, we can draw the following logical conclusions: The rupture of the axle in the original state could have occurred due to: - fatigue of the material over time, in the area with maximum stress, because of exceeding the service life; - improper use - operating shocks + excessive fatigue due to certain factors: wear of sliding bearings, improper mounting (misalignment of axles), wear of drive elements.

In such a system, the separation of the up-slope and down-slope rows of piles is a key factor that impacts the distribution of their internal forces.
As a result, the comprehensive mechanical effect of double piles tends to worsen.
Furthermore, the row separation will greatly impact the mechanical function of the slope body between the double piles, and consequently will affect the pressure exerted on the double piles by the mass of the slide.
Both of these are closely related to the shape of the slip surface and the properties of the slope body.
In this case, the comprehensive mechanical effect of the double pile system tends to weaken the slope.

For this reason, a particular attention should be paid to the mechanical performances of asphalt mix that constitutes the roads.
I-Relationship between Mechanical Performances of Mix and the Contact Aggregate-Asphalt: The mechanical performances of the asphalt mix depend on the formulation, the fabrication process, the materials compaction, and especially the nature of the contact between asphalt and the aggregates.
The aggregates from the mechanical crushing of solid rocks lead to mixes that are more resistant to stripping in comparison with those derived from materials with rounded facets.
The roughness of the aggregates affects the process of asphalt wetting.
Muller, Investigations on bitumen/polymer/filler interactions and rheological properties of mastics.

Gas composition was affected by respiration rate of pear and the permeability of packaging material remarkably.
However, red fragrant pear is susceptible to mechanical damage because of its thin skin.
The contents of O2 and CO2 in the packages during the storage were affected by many factors, such as packaging material, film thickness, permeability of film, so it was vital to choose suitable film to preserve Red Fragrant Pear.
Relationships among measurement variables were studied by using the correlation factor (R).
‘Kabaaşı’): Effect of Atmosphere, Packaging Material Type and Coating on the Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Quality: Food Bioprocess Technol. vol. 5 (2012),p.1601-1611

For the enterprise, in order to response to market changes rapidly and can introduce new products with high quality and inexpensive properties, the concept of sheet incremental forming(IF) has been brought up[1,2].The basic principle of IF is based on dimension reduction, it transforms a complicated 3D geometry part into a series of simple parameters of 2D layers, then the part is processed layer-by-layer through the computer numerically controlled the forming tools movements, eventually the sheet metal is processed into a target parts rely on cumulative plastic deformation of each layer[3,4].
X.C.Song[8] has made investigations on the factors of process parameters which effect the suface quality of IF and also has proposed a mathmatical model to evaluate the abrasion effect.
But the scholars’research mentioned above mainy focus on the influence of feed rate on single point incremental forming(SPIF) process, how the feed rate affect the forming quality and forming accuracy of MPCIF has not been discussed.
Table2 The material properties of aluminum alloy 1060 Title Yield stress(MPa) Elasticity modulus (MPa) Poisson ratio density (kg.m-3) Tensile Strength (MPa) Value 116 68900 0.33 2680 136 1.4 Finite Element Model The 3D finite element model of forming parts is built as shown in fig.3.
Influencing Factor Analysis on the surface quality of incremental forming parts[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2012,49(8):84-90 [9] J.Zhou, S.T.Peng, X.Zhang, et al.