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The monodisperse spherical particles used as raw materials to prepare photonic crystal materials and multifunctional catalysts with core-shell structure have attracted wide attention and become the research hotspot in chemistry, physics, materials science, and many other disciplines and cross-cutting areas [5]. 
Experimental Materials and instrumentation.
Vol.275 (2006), p. 27 [5] Hailin Cong, Weixiao Cao: Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities.
Vol.72 (2004), p.175 [8] G.H Bogush and C.F Zukoski IV: Journal of Colloid And Interface Science.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science.

It also has mixed formulation capability for simulating deformations of nearly incompressible elasto-plastic materials, and fully incompressible hyperelastic materials [6].
Callister, Jr., “Fundamentals of materials science and engineering,”5th ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2001
Song, A method to determine the spherical indentation contact boundary diameter in elastic–plastic materials, Mechanics of Materials, Vol. 69, 2014, pp. 213–226
Dargenton, An alternative method for penetration depth determination in nanoindentation measurements, Journal of Materials Research, 12, pp. 2455- 2458, 1997
Pharr, An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic moduli using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments, Journal of materials research, 7, 1992, pp. 1564-1583.

Introduction Acoustic emission (AE) is a naturally-occurring phenomenon in materials, in which the rapid release of energy from localized damage such as cracking generates elastic stress waves within the materials.
Conclusion A continuum-mechanics model for AE wave propagation in layered materials has been examined.
Hamstad, A Review: Acoustic Emission, a Tool for Composite-Materials Studies.
Journal of Acoustic Emission.
Journal of Acoustic Emission, 27, 18-26 (2009)

These factors include construction materials destruction due to the negative impact of freezing capillary moisture, acid rains, UV radiation, atmospheric ozone, fire etc.
However most industrially produced polymer materials are not resistant towards most of these factors.
Organosilicon hydrophobic materials, containing siloxane bonds in the main chain, are rather stable but possess extremely low physical mechanical properties.
Alongside their good physical mechanical properties these materials possess high resistance not only to higher temperatures and UV radiation but to atmospheric moisture as well.
Optically transparent heat resistant nanocomposite materials on the basis of epoxy and silicon oxide, Russian nanotechnologies. 8(1-2) (2013) 82-86

Effects of compositions on the chloride ion permeability of geopolymer concrete Qing Wang1,2 a, Jing Da2,b , Cunbao Zhang2,c, Zhaoyang Ding2,d, Zhitong Sui1,e 1 School of Materials & Metallurgy, Northeastern University , Shenyang, 110004, China 2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, 110168,China.
Slag and metakaolin were chosen as raw materials and sodium silicate of low module as alkali activator to prepare geopolymer concrete.
Experiment Raw materials.
This can be explained by that the main materials of geopolymer are slag and metakaolin which consist with SiO2 and Al2O3.
(In Chinese) [3] M.Steveson: Journal of materials science, 2005, 40, 2023-2036 [4] Yunsheng Zhang, Wei Sun, Zongjin Li: Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2007, 35(4):420-424.

Strength of Materials, 2004, V 36(1): 47-58
International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 2005, 82(7): 546-552
Jiangxi Science, 2005, 23(1): 9-13
Paton Welding Journal, 2006(2): 6-10
Thermal power metal materials handbook.

The above mentioned materials had been studied as sole material preparation or in combination with others.
Materials and Methods The experiments were conducted using 3 types of polymer: silk, gelatin, and chitosan.
Supaphol, Preparation of electrospun silk fibroin fiber mats as bone scaffolds: a preliminary study, Biomedical materials (Bristol, England), 2 (2007) 181-188
Morsi, Chitosan based nanofibers, review, Materials Science and Engineering: C, 32 (2012) 1711-1726
Wang, Fabrication of Chitosan/Silk Fibroin Composite Nanofibers for Wound-dressing Applications, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11 (2010) 3529.

Materials which possess hardening quality require an increase in the applied stresses in order to undergo additional plastic deformations.
Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 108, 303-312 (1986)
E., Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Second fedition, Prentice-Hall, NJ, 1998
Materials & Design, 29, 1575-1581 (2008)
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 44, 859-879 (2002)

Wang: Smart Materials and structures, vol.15(2006), p.
Wang: Smart Materials and structures, vol. 19 (2010), p. 065023
Smart materials & Structures, vol. 13(2004), p.1203-1210
Huang: Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, vol. 17(2006), p. 801-806
Guo: Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, vol. 17(2006), p. 871-881.

The purpose of ice-bathing is to avoid the large sizes of particle formed when TiCl particles (20 to 50nm) were formed using CTAB and precipitation (Lee et al, 2008 dissolving TiCl4 in ethanol at a structure were then evaluated by Materials and Method Titanium tetrachloride TiCl4 (99%) Aldrich, were used as starting materials was cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB){CH Merck.
(99%), provided by Merck, and absolute ethanol were used as starting materials, without further purification.
Dye-sensitized solar cell: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C, 2003, 4, 145 [5] Jinting Jiu et al.,.
Performance of dye-sensitized solar cell based on nanocrystals TiO2 film prepared with mixed template method: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2005, 87, 77 [6] Jinting Jiu et al., Preparation of highly photocatalytic active nano-scale TiO2 by mixed template method: Materials Letters, 2004, 58, 3915 [7] I.Kartini et al., A novel route to the synthesis of mesoporous titania with full anatase nanocrystalline domains: Journal of Sol-Gel and Tech., 2004, 31, 185 [8] Kavan et al.,.
Mesoporous thin film TiO2 electrodes: Microp. and Mesoporous Material, 2001, 44-45, 653 [9] D.U.Lee et al.,.