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This allowed significant reduction in problem size and thus sufficient mesh refinement at the crack tip region, yet providing reliable results from the FE simulations.
This is not a crucial issue as no experimental data are included in present work.
Analyses using AR and LUCF load cycles were also performed to provide data for comparison.
For the interaction studies of the cylinder with surface crack on the other hand, the RS was generated from stress data from autofrettage of a pre-cracked model.
For the analyses that used this material model the initial RS field was generated from the autofrettage data of the un-cracked pipe following the procedures described above.

Recycling concrete wastes will lead to reduction in valuable landfill space and savings in natural resources.
On the other hand, the Eq. 2 was obtained by fitting experimental data obtained for the concrete mixtures prepared with 30% coarse recycled concrete aggregate, whichever the type of cement used.
On the basis of the experimental data reported in Table 4 some comparisons of the drying shrinkage strains of equal strength class concretes can be made.
For the strength class C 28/35, on the basis of data reported in Fig. 2, the compared mixtures are ‘NA-hpc-0.60’, ‘RA-hpc-0.50’ and ‘RA-lpc-0.40’; while for the strength class C 25/30 the compared mixtures are ‘NA-lpc-0.60’, ‘RA-hpc-0.55’ and ‘RA-lpc-0.50’.
By comparing for those mixtures the data reported in Table 4, it can be noticed that, by using 30% coarse recycled aggregate, the values of the measured strains on RACs are lower to those obtained for the reference mixtures of the same strength class, particularly at early ages when the ‘internal curing’ effect is more evident [18].

It provides the possibility to lower the uncertainty of alignment, but on the other hand it also yields low diffuse reflectivity, which is prone to cause issues of data reduction for optical measurement techniques.
Using multiple scanning angles assures more surface coverage but double coverage is inclined to come with redundant data resulting in lower repeatability and longer measurement time.
Fig. 7b) states that the accuracy of three-angle scanning is more than 10µm better than four-angle scanning, in the measurement of the z direction, since the redundant data yielding bad results.
The time consumption of the tactile measurement is 0’49’’, while optical measurement is 0’53’’, which takes into account both the measuring itself and the processing of the point data.
It can be obviously deduced from Table 2 that the laser line scanning strategy provides a superior performance compared to the tactile measurement, due to the time reduction for both alignment and actual measurement.

The post-operative drainage was active and it was kept for maximum 48 hours; haemoglobin levels were evaluated after the minimal value detected, regardless the moment when this was diagnosed Results The demographic analysis of the two groups is presented in Fig.3, the data revealing a typical aspect for the onset of the osteoarthritis ( after 50 yrs) Figure 3- The age of the patients ( yrs) Another parameter which was evaluated was the duration of surgery, as the connection between the intensity of bleeding and the duration of surgery is well known.
Fig.3- Post-operative drainage ( ml) As for the decrease of haemoglobin, this is somehow parallel to the previously presented data, and higher for the group who did not receive FS., as shown in Fig.4, most of the patients who had a variation of more than 20% requiring blood transfusions.
The data presented in this paper are concordant to those described in the literature; the studies of Sabatini and Notarnicola [30, 31], as other’s authors, too, showed significant reductions in drainage output, haemoglobin loss, need for transfusions, time of functional recovery, and length of hospital stay[32, 33, 34].
The observational research performed by the authors confirmed the data from the literature and underlined the clinical significance of the properties of this biomaterial- properly indicated and applied, with a proper surgical technique, it can be a very useful tool for modern orthopaedic surgery, due to its efficacy and safety, as well References [1] William D.
Spotnitz, Reduction of hemorrhage after knee arthroplasty using cryo-based fibrin sealant, Journal of Arthroplasty. 14 (1999) 481–487 [19] W.

Therefore, a reduction in both defects and cooling times would immensely benefit the injection molding manufacturing industry.
In addition to providing preliminary data for future numerical simulation research, validation was also done to confirm the accuracy and reliability of the simulation model relative to the experimental results.
Panitapu, High thermal conductivity mould insert materials for cooling time reduction in thermoplastic injection moulds, Mater.
Siregar, Increasing the company profit by reduction the production cost (Case study in an oil seal automotive manufacturing), Int.
Ahmad, Cycle time reduction in injection molding process by selection of robust cooling channel design, ISRN Mech.

The predictions are done by training the tool with input data.
Results and Analysis Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a potent tool for data visualization and dimensionality reduction in multivariate analysis.
Here is how PCA can be used to analyze data from Fe2NiAl.
This indicates decisions about a reduction in dimensionality while minimizing information loss.
A violin plot consists of "violins," which are symmetrical shapes representing the distribution of data representing data for each composition.

ATOS as optical based 3D scanning-measuring systems are designed to acquire scan data of three-dimensional objects and in that way to obtain the goal.
The data gathering for determined area takes some seconds and leads to one million data points, defining the value of the measured area precisely and accurately.
Result of measuring-digitizinf presented in Fig. 2 (b) contains 18 millions of 3D measuring points, i.e. over 450MB data.
Data for CMM are: longitudinal precision 1 nm, transversal precision 300 nm, measuring distance 5.2 cm and maximal angle 12°.
CMM by means of special software combine data generated by longitudinal movement of the stylus with data collected from the linear scale and reading head in the transversal traverse unit.

The information collection contains two parts of data before and after the repairing, at first the original data before the repairing are collected and then the data after the repairing are collected many times.
For the data collection the optimal observation sites are selected in accordance with repairing order and data collecting sites are divided into six zones, i.e.
Data processing.
According to the document management standard the data in various regions including plane survey data, high dynamical overall-view data, high definition digital image arranged.
The management software system of multimedia scenic information database is used to unifily place the collected and processed high-accuracy image data, spheric overall-view data, plan, related document and video data etc. in the visual database, which uses server as the storage terminal, to conduct storage and dissemination.

In addition, handoff frequently lead to waste reduction and spectrum efficiency of air resources, which makes the cost of network construction is also more and more high.
Communication subsystem is divided into 5 layers: the application layer anddriver layer, transport layer, data link layer and physical layer.
The transport layer multiplexing control data transmission on the bus, the transport layer taskincludes information processing, channel switching, synchronization management etc..
The data link layer of MIL - STD - 1553B in accordance with the provisions of.
Some key technologies of satellite communication at present also exist some problems, which include high-speed data business needs.

In the present work the data will be presented in the form of ∆T/T to enable data to be compared to other data taken at different room temperatures and also to eliminate the effect of any localised heating close to the damage site.
The measured data is T, with ∆T values obtained through performing TSA.
The camera stores data internally and has a maximum storage size of 8 GB.
The data were processed so that ∆T/T was obtained.
The data has better spatial resolution but more noise.