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., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310000, China email: hanbin0571@163.com Keywords: draw resistance, CFO, convergent curve, CFD Abstract: CFO(Critical Flow Orifice), micro sonic nozzle, is a device in tobacco industry to give a standard gas flow rate.
According to the results of simulation, using Vyshinsky curve as the convergent curve is better than to apply the cone-shaped curve with the same exit diameter of nozzle.
A three-dimensional numerical simulation based on the finite volume method using more than one million meshes is carried out which only can be done in the recent years.
CFD Analysis The gas flow through the cigarette CFO is simulated using a CFD method by the Fluent.
Furthermore, the present numerical simulation was an effective tool to evaluate compressible flows of the cigarette CFO.

Modeling and simulation work has been done to figure out the optimum aerodynamics coefficient of wind turbine blades at different Reynolds number.
Meanwhile, Panchal [6] perform simulations using a computer with ANSYS v12.1 software; which aims to save time and cost in designing the airfoil.
CFD is a simulation of engineering systems using fluid modeling (mathematical formulations of physical problems) and numerical methods (discreete methods, solver, the numerical parameters, and grid generation, etc.). 2.
Numerical simulation is done at different Reynold number.
[6] Panchal N., 2010, ME 7751 FINAL PROJECT NACA 4415 AIRFOIL Using ANSYS ICEM CFX Meshing package and FLUENT 6.3 Simulation software

Numerical Simulation of the Transient Development of Slug Flow in Horizontal Pipes Zahid I.
Numerical Simulations The simulation was carried out in a horizontal pipe with a diameter, Dp of 0.16 m and a length, Lp of 87.5Dp.
Table 1: Superficial velocities for the slug flow simulations.
Nigam, “CFD modeling of flow profiles and interfacial phenomena in two-phase flow in pipes,” Chem.
Marin, “CFD modeling of all gas–liquid and vapor–liquid flow regimes predicted by the Baker chart,” Chemical Engineering Journal 138 (2008) 349–357

In all CFD simulations different kinds of error occur that can’t be avoided, one source of error is spatial discretization [16].
Comparing experiment and simulation it can be concluded that the simulation results correspond very well for operating points close to the nominal operating point.
Thus it is very likely that the tendency determined by the simulations is correct.
Huang, “Transition Modelling for General Purpose CFD Codes,” Flow Turbul.
Wintergerste, Special Interst Group on “Quality and Trust in Industrial CFD” Best Practice Guidelines, 1st ed.

China, email: zys442361@tom.com Keywords: atomization process; Fluent; CFD; numerical simulation; VOF method Abstract.
After applying the VOF method and turbulent model in CFD software Fluent, a numerical simulation was performed to analyze the mechanism of atomization process and some related factors affecting the atomization.
The Analysis of the Numerical Simulation Results A.
The Method of Numerical Simulation.
The Results of Numerical Simulation.

ANSYS CFX software was used as the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation tool in this study.
Manufacturer’s Performance Data Sheet and Simulation Analysis at 8.0 l/s HBEP (m) PBEP (kW) ɳ (%) Manufacturer’s Data Sheet Simulation Results 14.00 13.37 1.70 1.45 65.00 72.42 Table 2.
The simulation performance curve yielded similar characteristics as the manufacturer’s data.
ANSYS CFX software was used as simulation tool to conduct the analysis.
Lakhera, "CFD for Centrifugal Pumps: A Review of the State-of-the-Art," Procedia Engineering, vol. 51, pp. 715-720, (2013)

A critical comparison between experimental data and results of the CFD analysis of the combustor is discussed.
The comparison between experimental data and results of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the combustor is discussed.
The choice of the models adopted and the computational grid has been made in order to have a good compromise between results reliability and acceptable computational cost (in terms of duration of each simulation).
In addition to the evaluation of the experimental data, the CFD analysis of the combustion process provides further details (Fig. 3).
In figure 4 it is summarized the comparison between experimental data and CFD results.

Ferrari J and Leutwyler used a Plexiglas globe valve to perform experimental testing to observe the formation and location of cavitations, and they performed CFD simulations to better understand and predict its working conditions under different operating conditions [2].
A common method for experimental verification of CFD numerical simulation is to make several special cut-off valves and arrange interfaces in specific areas for data collection [2, 3, 4].
(3) Results of experiments and simulations agree well and the simulation methods are accurate and credible.
Davis, Mike Stewart: Predicting globe control valve performance - Part 1: CFD Modeling.
[7] Srikanth, C., Bhasker, C.: Flow analysis in valve with moving grids through CFD techniques.

Although CFD has been acquired huge advance, aerodynamic heating is always difficulty in the CFD.
Generally, the factor of affecting the computing results for the aerodynamic heating are CFD format and grid, especially, near wall grid [1, 2].
Thereinto, research early emphasize particularly on CFD format, subsequently, change to grid [1-8].
So, to obtain the exact results of aerodynamic heating, we need not only choose appropriate turbulent model, but also ensure a appropriate y+ value which can be used in CFD.
Fig.1 Grid of the simulation model The results of different turbulent model are shown in Table 3.

The calculation of thermo-chemical flow was solved by the CFD software FLUENT to provide the heat load boundary for simulation of heat transfer of EPDM insulation.
The simulation results can provide the temperature rising trend of insulation in a certain extent.
The research here is carried out by the numerical simulation and ground test.
The internal flow field of secondary combustion chamber of ramjet is simulated by commercial CFD software FLUENT.
The three-dimensional thermo-chemical flow of chamber was solved by the CFD software FLUENT.