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Online since: April 2015
Authors: Anna Trautvain, Anatoly M. Gridchin, Alexander Sergeyevich Khoroshikh, Valentina V. Yadykina
To get the best effect it's necessary to use for modification of the grains surface the substances, which allow bringing the molecular properties of the adsorption layer and environment, which have to be filled with powder, closer to each other.
Indicators properties of powders Name of indicator Requirements of State Educational Standards 52129-2003 Composition №1 Composition №2 Grain composition,% by weight smaller than 1,25 smaller than 0,315 smaller than 0,071 not less than 95 80-95 not less than 60 100 99,9 99,34 100 99,84 85,69 Porosity, % not more than 40 31,14 19,22 Swelling of samples of powder mixtures with bitumen, % not more than 3,0 2,5 1,8 The water resistance of the samples of powder mixture of bitumen, % not more than 0,7 0,81 0,96 Oil amount, whereby the mixture acquires the desired consistency of the powder, g not more than 80 43,48 31,23 Studies have found that the use of mineral powder obtained by milling a joint waste WMS with stearic acid, reduces its porosity is 38 %.
Conclusion The fine powders are the basis of a large number of different technologies.
Work performed as part of the competition in 2014 projects oriented basic research on interdisciplinary topics, conducted jointly by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) and the Government of the Belgorod region under contract number 14-41-08027 NC / 14, as well as the state task Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation №1950.
Indicators properties of powders Name of indicator Requirements of State Educational Standards 52129-2003 Composition №1 Composition №2 Grain composition,% by weight smaller than 1,25 smaller than 0,315 smaller than 0,071 not less than 95 80-95 not less than 60 100 99,9 99,34 100 99,84 85,69 Porosity, % not more than 40 31,14 19,22 Swelling of samples of powder mixtures with bitumen, % not more than 3,0 2,5 1,8 The water resistance of the samples of powder mixture of bitumen, % not more than 0,7 0,81 0,96 Oil amount, whereby the mixture acquires the desired consistency of the powder, g not more than 80 43,48 31,23 Studies have found that the use of mineral powder obtained by milling a joint waste WMS with stearic acid, reduces its porosity is 38 %.
Conclusion The fine powders are the basis of a large number of different technologies.
Work performed as part of the competition in 2014 projects oriented basic research on interdisciplinary topics, conducted jointly by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) and the Government of the Belgorod region under contract number 14-41-08027 NC / 14, as well as the state task Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation №1950.
Online since: April 2008
Authors: Pawel Stoch
Cesium has a large ionic radius, rCs = 1.74 Å, its coordination number in
relation to oxygen is CN = 8 and the iconicity of chemical bond with oxygen according Görlich iG =
0.832.
These material were mixed and melted at 1200°C for 2 hours in an alumina crucible, and then cooled and crushed in agate mortar to 0.3 - 0.1 grain size.
The powdered glass samples, 0.1 - 0.3 mm grain size fraction, weighing 40-80 g, were heated in platinum containers, in nitrogen atmosphere, at the rate 10°C/min.
CaO addition did not affect Tg, but it increased ∆Cp, indicating changes in the number and strength of bonds, and structural rearrangement [9] Cs2O increases Tg of the glass and ∆Cp of transformation.
These material were mixed and melted at 1200°C for 2 hours in an alumina crucible, and then cooled and crushed in agate mortar to 0.3 - 0.1 grain size.
The powdered glass samples, 0.1 - 0.3 mm grain size fraction, weighing 40-80 g, were heated in platinum containers, in nitrogen atmosphere, at the rate 10°C/min.
CaO addition did not affect Tg, but it increased ∆Cp, indicating changes in the number and strength of bonds, and structural rearrangement [9] Cs2O increases Tg of the glass and ∆Cp of transformation.
Online since: April 2015
Authors: Małgorzata Osadnik, Marian Czepelak, Małgorzata Kamińska
When contacts are constructed, it is important to obtain material with structure characterized by the lowest grain diameter, to delay the silver outflow thanks to Kelvin effect and high wettability on the Ag-W interface [8].
The fine-grained structure is fundamental to determine their conductive properties.
Electrical parameters: current 20A, voltage 500V, arc time 10ms, frequency of switching 25/min, number of switching 40000.
Fig. 3 Arc erosion of contact tips:1 AgW based on electrochemically precipitated Ag, 2 AgW based on atomized silver, 2w- AgW based on atomized silver (annealed)A-anode, K-cathode Arc erosion tests showed that mass loss is directly proportional to the number of switching operations.
The fine-grained structure is fundamental to determine their conductive properties.
Electrical parameters: current 20A, voltage 500V, arc time 10ms, frequency of switching 25/min, number of switching 40000.
Fig. 3 Arc erosion of contact tips:1 AgW based on electrochemically precipitated Ag, 2 AgW based on atomized silver, 2w- AgW based on atomized silver (annealed)A-anode, K-cathode Arc erosion tests showed that mass loss is directly proportional to the number of switching operations.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Peng Yi Zhu
The key technology to the optimization of the industry chain lies in the selection of the best combination of industry chains, including the number of added links, sequences, the correlation between the chains.
The principles of agricultural eco-economics should be actively used to create a greater number of more effective new patterns so as to satisfy the needs of various areas.
Traditional agriculture only rest on the single grain cropping system in China.
Seeds, accounting for 25% of grain crops, are utilized while straw, accounting for 75%, are mostly wasted[5].
The principles of agricultural eco-economics should be actively used to create a greater number of more effective new patterns so as to satisfy the needs of various areas.
Traditional agriculture only rest on the single grain cropping system in China.
Seeds, accounting for 25% of grain crops, are utilized while straw, accounting for 75%, are mostly wasted[5].
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Tie Zhi Zhang, Cheng Yong Wang, Jin Wu
The fine grain of the slag appears with irregular shape under the electron microscope, the surface of grain is relatively loose and there are subtle pores, which decides the slag needs more water to reach a certain fluidity.
In addition to the above aspects of the application of the slag, since the slag contains a lot of alkaline oxide (such as Al2O3, CaO and so on), When it is contacted with water, there are a large number of pores on the surface and in the interior because of the loose structure of slag, while the surface of the slag has amount of active groups (such as hydroxy), it can remove suspended solids, fumes, chroma, which the waste water contains[11].
Through the survey analysis, it was found that the foundry waste sand and slag in China is much more than the other countries, there is a very large number of foundry waste sand and slag, but the recycling rate is far lower than developed countries.
In addition to the above aspects of the application of the slag, since the slag contains a lot of alkaline oxide (such as Al2O3, CaO and so on), When it is contacted with water, there are a large number of pores on the surface and in the interior because of the loose structure of slag, while the surface of the slag has amount of active groups (such as hydroxy), it can remove suspended solids, fumes, chroma, which the waste water contains[11].
Through the survey analysis, it was found that the foundry waste sand and slag in China is much more than the other countries, there is a very large number of foundry waste sand and slag, but the recycling rate is far lower than developed countries.
Online since: December 2008
Authors: Nadine L. Baluc, Zbigniew Oksiuta
In general, all
materials are characterized by a bimodal size distribution of equiaxed grains (bcc, α-Fe), containing
areas with a high dislocation density and dislocation free areas.
Residual porosity (< 1%), and chromium oxides and carbides, usually located at the grains boundaries were also observed.
It can also be seen that the mean size decreases and the number density of nanoparticles increases with increasing the titanium content.
• With increasing the titanium content the number density of nano-particles also increases but TEM observations showed that 12-14Cr ODS alloys with 0.5%Ti content contain large (50-500 nm) TiO2 particles.
Residual porosity (< 1%), and chromium oxides and carbides, usually located at the grains boundaries were also observed.
It can also be seen that the mean size decreases and the number density of nanoparticles increases with increasing the titanium content.
• With increasing the titanium content the number density of nano-particles also increases but TEM observations showed that 12-14Cr ODS alloys with 0.5%Ti content contain large (50-500 nm) TiO2 particles.
Online since: April 2003
Authors: Michael J. Hoffmann, Stefan Holzer, Holger Geßwein
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3
Table 1: Crystalline phases and compositions of the �-sialon phase in samples with Nd or Yb
Nd Yb
composition �-sialon composition �-sialon
Composition phases
present m n
phases
present m n
0510 �, � 0.95 0.83 �, � 0.48 0.82
0515 �, �, 21R 0.90 1.02 �, �, 12H 0.70 1.00
0520 �, 21R - - �, �, 12H 0.87 1.11
1010 �, � 0.95 0.80 � 0.43 0.75
1015 �, �, 21R 1.10 0.91 �, 12H 0.59 1.00
1020 �, �, 21R 1.14 0.79 �, 12H 0.78 1.12
1515 �, 21R 1.58 0.73 �, 21R 0.87 1.23
1520 �, 21R 1.17 1.05 �, 12H 1.09 1.10
2015 �, 21R, M' 1.93 0.67 �, 21R 1.82 0.94
2020 �, 21R, M' 1.75 0.73 �, 21R 1.75 1.00
Figure 2: Microstructures of samples Nd2020 (left) (�-sialon: grey, 21R: black, M' white) and
Yb2020 (right) (�-sialon: grey, 21R: black)
Figure 3: EDS measurement results of grains in samples Nd2020 (left) and Yb2020 (right) 4 Title of Publication (to be inserted by
The melilite crystals are rather large grains (Fig. 2) which are agglomerated in several clusters throughout the sample.
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 5 Figure 5: Phase diagram for the system Nd-Si-Al-O-N Figure 6: Phase diagram for the system Yb-Si-Al-O-N Figure 7: Comparison of the �-sialon stability region in the systems Nd-Si-Al-O-N and Yb-Si-Al-O-N Summary The phase relationships of 24 compositions in the Si3N4-rich corner of the M-Si-Al-O-N system with M = Nd and Yb have been investigated.
The melilite crystals are rather large grains (Fig. 2) which are agglomerated in several clusters throughout the sample.
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 5 Figure 5: Phase diagram for the system Nd-Si-Al-O-N Figure 6: Phase diagram for the system Yb-Si-Al-O-N Figure 7: Comparison of the �-sialon stability region in the systems Nd-Si-Al-O-N and Yb-Si-Al-O-N Summary The phase relationships of 24 compositions in the Si3N4-rich corner of the M-Si-Al-O-N system with M = Nd and Yb have been investigated.
Online since: December 2011
Authors: Yu Ming Fu, Li Juan Zheng, Hui Ying Liu
Large number of M7C3 carbides can obviously improve the surface hardness [7, 8and 9].
Niobium wire hard facing layer distribution of a large number of primary carbide, and organization even delicate than molybdenum wire, and the matrix splitting effect is smaller compared with molybdenum wire.
This is because niobium can promote tissue of grain refinement, and grain refinement can improve the strength and ductility, therefore, niobium wire is more suitable for high temperature impact abrasion condition than molybdenum wire.
Niobium wire hard facing layer distribution of a large number of primary carbide, and organization even delicate than molybdenum wire, and the matrix splitting effect is smaller compared with molybdenum wire.
This is because niobium can promote tissue of grain refinement, and grain refinement can improve the strength and ductility, therefore, niobium wire is more suitable for high temperature impact abrasion condition than molybdenum wire.
Online since: July 2006
Authors: X. Huang, Niels Hansen, Q. Xing, Dorte Juul Jensen
As seen in Fig.1, the lamellar structure is made up of bands of various
texture components separated by high angle boundaries, which are the original grain boundaries and
the high angle boundaries introduced during the deformation.
However, bands of fairly wide (several µm) and relatively few in number were also identified and these wide bands always correspond to the rolling texture components.
This structural heterogeneity may be a direct result of the subdivision process and may therefore depend on parameters such as the texture and the grain size of the undeformed metal.
• The macrotexture evolves into a typical rolling texture consisting of a number of texture components.
However, bands of fairly wide (several µm) and relatively few in number were also identified and these wide bands always correspond to the rolling texture components.
This structural heterogeneity may be a direct result of the subdivision process and may therefore depend on parameters such as the texture and the grain size of the undeformed metal.
• The macrotexture evolves into a typical rolling texture consisting of a number of texture components.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Wang Cheng Zhang, Zhi Fu Shen, Fang Liu, Ming Jing Jiang
Figure 2 The contact models used for grains [12] Figure 3 Distributions of grain sizes
Figure 4 Vertical deformation distributions in soils (a-d for coarse case, e-h for fine case)
Wide zone of distributed shear deformation is evident in this stage while strain localization cannot be clearly observed by naked eyes.
Thereafter, shear bands become thinner and steeper, as numbers of soils at the waist of the pipe flow around when d = 48 mm in Figure 4 (d) and (h).
A large number of particles beside the pipe flow significantly and the phenomenon is more visible in the fine case than in the coarse case.
Thereafter, shear bands become thinner and steeper, as numbers of soils at the waist of the pipe flow around when d = 48 mm in Figure 4 (d) and (h).
A large number of particles beside the pipe flow significantly and the phenomenon is more visible in the fine case than in the coarse case.