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Since the thermal expansion coefficient is smaller in order of silica and zirconia, the residual stresses induced during cooling from the sintering temperature must be the dominant factor to determine the phase stability in these materials.
Microcracking leads to a decrease of the mechanical properties; this could explain the failure of implants after several years in vivo.
Fig. 4 Relationship between monoclinic fraction about (○) 3Y, (▲) 0.1Si, (■) 1.5Si, and (▼) 10Si and the amount of SiO2 addition after annealing for 30h. 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 20 40 60 80 Monoclinic Fraction (%) SiO2 content (mol%) 0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80 100 Time (h) Monoclinic Fraction (%) (a) (b) (c) (d)The transformation behavior is affected by residual stress that arises during cooling from the fabrication temperature as a result of thermal expansion mismatch between ZrO2 particles and second phase particles [9].
It can be said that the coefficient of thermal expansion of second phase particles is important factor to control the phase stability in zirconia.

The underlying factors for a stable buildup are local heat transfer, powder catchment efficiency, surface shape, roughness, and oxide layers.
However, martensitic steel is gaining more and more importance in turbo machinery parts due to its outstanding mechanical properties [6].
The lower the geometric factor κ, the lower the applied laser power.
According to the Hall-Petch rule [11], a homogenous microstructure indicates homogenous mechanical properties and a finer microstructure would lead to higher hardness.
This leads to the assumption that the martensite formation that mainly affects the hardness is mostly driven by the local heat flow during the solidification of the a melt pool and less by the global heat flow and geometry.

Furthermore, the properties analysis including boundary, conservation, and repeatability is given.
Therefore, in addition to the analysis of decomposition and composition algorithms and structural properties, the completeness of the composition and decomposition operation based on the analysis of concurrency and conflict should be studied furthermore. 1 Factors for completeness of the composition and decomposition 1.1 Basic factors In this section, three basic factors for Petri net decomposition and composition operations (i.e. concurrency, conflict and collision) are described briefly.
s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 t1 t2 t1 t2 Fig.3 The Petri Nets with collision 1.2 Other factors for completeness of the composition and decomposition In Petri nets, the prior set place of transition can be seen as the condition of the occurrence of transition, the posterior set place of transition can be seen as the result of the transition.
[2] Wu Zhehui, The introduction of Petri net [M] Mechanical Industry Press 2006
The Reduction Operations and Their Properties for P/T Nets[J].

Many studies on necking show that, when the stretch-rate governs plastic flow behaviors, the strain-rate, inertia and material properties may cause the necking retardation [1, 2].
The strain rate sensitivity, strain hardening and thermal softening, inertia and heat conduction [8-10] affect the formation of shear bands.
This work proposes a universal criterion and studies the influences of material mechanical behaviors and loading conditions on the stability of plastic deformation with phase diagram.
The effects of strain rates, strain rate sensitivity R0 and heat conductivity l on thermal softening depend on the proportion factors hij.
The heat affecting zone fills up the full testing segment and extends outside the testing segment by heat conduction.

The microstructure and properties were investigated by means of optical microscopy(op), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and microhardness meter.
The wear resistance of a hardfacing alloy depends on many other factors such as the type, volume fraction and distribution of hard phases, as well as the toughness of the matrix.
Plasma transferred arc(PTA) weld-surfacing process, with its advantage of using two independent arcs(i.e. nontransferred arc as pilot arc and transferred arc as a main arc), shows some advantages such as low dilution and high degree of reproducibility over other welding-surfacing processes[8], and is applied in the present investigation to study the resulting coating properties.
A uniform, adherent and crack free cladding layer along with the heat-affected zone is shown in the figure.
Hardness properties.

Balancing biological and mechanical properties by controlling porosity, pore size, shape and distribution is a vital demand in biomedical applications [6, 7].
Material properties were assigned to bone and implant as presented in Table 1.
Table 1 The mechanical properties for both natural bone and prostheses' components.
Mechanical properties of open-cell rhombic dodecahedron titanium alloy lattice structure manufactured using electron beam melting under dynamic loading.
Pre-clinical evaluation of the mechanical properties of a low stiffness cement injectable hip stem.

Introduction Talc-based ceramics from the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2, in particular cordierite ceramics, are well known for their good mechanical properties, heat resistance and especially their low thermal expansion [1], which makes them ideally suited for high-temperature applications in which high thermal shock resistance is required.
For all these the elastic constants are key properties and should be reliably known at high temperatures, because they are important indicators of high-temperature strength and affect thermal shock resistance.
However, due to the complexity of these materials their high-temperature elastic properties have not been studied in great detail so far.
Assuming a glass composition corresponding to stoichiometric cordierite, the density is approximately 2.60 g/cm3 [9] and the Young modulus of the MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass phase can be estimated very roughly using empirical additivity rules and factors [10], resulting in a values of approximately 90 GPa.
Pharr, in: Structure and Properties of Ceramics, edited by M.V.

Other factors affecting efficiency of inhibitor are temperature, flow rate and water/gas ratio.
The corrosion rate is significantly affected by the shape/flow regime and flow velocity [10,11].
In choosing an inhibitor, factors that must be considered are whether the inhibitor is toxic, the price and availability of the inhibitor and its ability to reduce the rate of corrosion.
They work by forming a protective layer on the metal surface or interfere the electrochemical properties to prevent corrosion process.
PVA, with its crosslinked structure, offers a highly adaptable method for creating and modifying polymers, thereby enhancing properties such as mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability.

The main body is a circuit board, which simultaneously fulfills mechanical connect and electric connect.
Due to symmetrical layout of three flexible legs and their consistent drive signal, tensional vibration of the legs will not affect movement of the robot.
Therefore, first order and second order vibration mode are main factors affecting the vibration of the structure.
Assume (4) Combing with equation (3)，the solution of equation (2) can be solved as (5) To make static properties of double pendulum model same with actual structure, following complemental condition is added (Fig.3): double pendulum model and the sub-structure have the same equivalent stiffness, which is the same displacement d will be produced when the same force F is applied at the end.
According to small deformation theory for the sheet, and combining structure characteristics of piezoelectric bimorph, following basic hypothesis is proposed: (i) The bonding between piezoelectric substrate and metal substrate is strong enough, which allow ignoring the effect of adhesive on mechanical properties of dual piezoelectric film.

Here, redistribution cation at tetrahedral and octahedral sites will change the physical properties especially magnetic properties.
Other, the change of the crystallite size should the other factor contribute to the increase of the coercive field.
C.S.., (1998)., Magnetic Properties of CoFe2O4 Tin Films Prepared by a sol-gel Method, J.
Copper-substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles: Structural, optical and antibacterial properties.
Bismuth effect in the structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of CoZn ferrite.