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ARB is carried out in homogenous and heterogeneous materials to bring out the useful applications of ultrafine grained materials.
Microstructure describes the grain refinement in ARB processed materials.
Development of composite materials is investigated and is used for relevant applications and ARB is also used to develop advanced materials through heterogeneous processing’s.
Each pass shows distinct property of materials, hence, each pass shall be analyzed carefully to understand the point at which the material starts to bond with the pairing materials.
After the specimen preparation, the required material is annealed; the annealing temperature varies depending on materials used.

In general, these materials exhibit certain amount of scatter in their properties due to different factors.
Recently, a class of composite materials viz., FGMs has drawn much attention in many engineering applications.
The mechanical response of systems depends on external stimuli and the materials used for their fabrication.
[6] Ramu I, Mohanty S.C, Modal analysis of functionally graded material plates using Finite element method, Procedia Materials Science. 6 (2014), 460-67
[12] Mohammad Azadi, Free and forced vibration analysis of FG beam considering temperature dependency of material properties, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. 25 (1) (2011) 69-80.

Theoretical Introduction of Nanostructured Titanium Oxide Nanostructured materials refers Nanostructures accumulate a certain way or at a certain matrix dispersed form macroscopic materials, including Nanostructured powders, Nanostructured thin film materials, Nanostructured materials.
Properties of Nano-TiO2 Textile Materials For the nature of TiO2 materials synthesis, modification and applications, people have done extensive research.
Fig.2 shows the properties of Nano-TiO2 textile materials [4].
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2008, 322(1): 128-135
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2009, 203(2-3): 192-198

The technique can employed to classify the test materials effectively and explicitly.
Section IV demonstrates a method to classify several materials, which are: hard plastic, iron, silicon rubber, vinyl eraser and hydrogel.
Carry, “Introduction to the quartz tuning fork,” American Journal of Physics, Vol. 75, No. 5, pp. 415, May 2007
,” Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, Vol. 13, No 5, pp. 351–367, Oct 2008
Leea and B.Friedmanb, “Hard disk magnetic domain nano-spatial resolution imaging by using a near-field scanning microwave microscope with an AFM probe tip,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 321, No. 16, pp. 2483–2487, Aug 2009

Nonlinear Constitutive Equation and Elastic Constant of Rubber Material Chen Li1, a, Li Zhao1, b 1Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China; atydz_lc@126.com, bzhaoli061801@163.com Keywords: nonlinear; rubber material; constitutive equation; strain energy function; elastic constant Abstract.
Introduction Rubber materials research has a long history in the past 50 years.
People tried to make authentic description, but because of its characteristics of complex molecules and the dual non-linear of materials and geometry, and it is very sensitive to the impact of the temperature, the surrounding medium, strain over time, loading rate and the strain, these makes the establishment of a precise mathematical model more difficult.
The results In order to fully evaluate the strain energy function that we derived, we fitted the experimental data which come from Treloar’s work of rubber materials about three kinds of deformation modes (uniaxial tension, biaxial tension, pure shear), the result is satisfactory.
[5] Chen Li, Guitong Yang: Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology, Vol.40 No.2 (2009), p. 187-191, In Chinese

Investigation on the Properties of the Brake Friction Materials for Oil Driller Jiazhi Yuana, Jing Zengb, Zhenxin Duanc, Wen Peid and Hua Chene* of Material Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130000, China.
And there are also some fiber-free friction materials, such as powder metallurgy materials using the reinforced particles [11-13].
Henan Science and Technology, 2013 (21): 25-25
Natural Science Journal of Jilin University of Technology, 1997 (3): 73-77
Insulating Materials 1999 (5): 31-32

Zhang, “Electrospun nanofiber: Emerging reinforcing filler in polymer matrix composite materials,” Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 75, pp. 73–107, Dec. 2017. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.08.002 [2] D.
Hassan, “Tensile properties characterisation of hybrid luffa/GCW fiber reinforced polymer composite,” Materials Science Forum, vol. 1111, pp. 77–82, Dec. 2023. doi:10.4028/p-tw3ujj [7] C.
Cantwell, “Damage characterisation on PP-hemp/aluminium fibre–metal laminates using acoustic emission,” Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 47, no. 18, pp. 2265–2274, Aug. 2012. doi:10.1177/0021998312457098 [8] R.
Sawawi, “The low velocity impact properties of pandanus fiber composites,” Materials Science Forum, vol. 895, pp. 56–60, Mar. 2017. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.895.56 [17] "ASTM International", ASTM D3039.
Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials.

Free Vibration Analysis of Anisotropic Composite Materials of a Fixed-Wing Nahla Alhazmi* Center of Excellence for Aeronautics & Astronautics, National Center for Composite and High-Performance Materials Materials Science Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia *Correspondence: nalhazmi@kacst.edu.sa Keywords: Vibration; Natural frequencies; Composite; Dynamic behavior; Deformation.
Nowadays, the availability of composite materials and their acceptable manufacturing cost, in addition to their high strength-to-weight ratio, has shifted the use of the materials from metal alloys to composite materials in the aircraft industry.
Wing Materials and Properties Three different composite materials with anisotropic properties have been used as the wing materials for comparison with the metal alloys aluminum alloy AL2024 and 7075-T6.
Materials , 13, 2213. 2020
Öncü, Properties of FRP materials for strengthening, Int.

The materials locate h=0.8mm do spiral upward movement around the pin in Fig.2 (c).
[2] Collligan K: Welding journal, 1999, 7(2): 229-237
[3] Guerra M, Schmidt C, McClure J, et al: Materials Characterization, 2003, 49, 95-101
[6] Schmidt H, Hattel J: Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering. 2005, 13 (1): 77-93
Chen: The International Journal of Advance Manufacturing Technology. 2011, 60: 959-975.

Journal of East China University of Science and Technology, 2003, 29(6): 583-586
Journal of Ceramics, 2006, 27(1): 39-42
Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2008, 31(62): 570-573
Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2005, 28(2): 130-133
Refractory Materials, 2010, 44(4): 302-304