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Influence of Sputtering Temperature and Layer Thickness on the Electrical Performance of Thin Film Strain Sensors Consisting of Nickel-Carbon Composite Christos Karapepas1,a*, Daisy Nestler2,b and Guntram Wagner1,c 1Chemnitz University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Professorship of Composites and Material Compounds, Chemnitz, Germany 2Chemnitz University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Lightweight Structures, Endowed Chair Textile Plastic Composites and Hybrid Compounds, Chemnitz, Germany achristos.karapepas@mb.tu-chemnitz.de, bdaisy.nestler@mb.tu-chemnitz.de, cguntram.wagner@mb.tu-chemnitz.de Keywords: Structural health monitoring, thin film, strain sensor, Raman spectroscopy, magnetron sputtering, hybrid laminates, nickel-carbon composites, gauge factor.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the layer thickness as well as the elevated temperature during the sputtering process on the electrical performance of Ni-C strain sensors.
Nendel, et al., Innovative hybrid laminates of aluminium alloy foils and fibre‐reinforced thermoplastic layers, Materials Science and Engineering Technology 47 (11) (2016) 1121-1131.
Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 37(22) (2018) 1378-1384.
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Biermann, International Journal of Fatigue 2014, 65, 9 – 17.
Aneziris, International Journal of Solids and Structures 2015, 66, 207 – 217.
Rafaja, Journal of Composite Materials 2015, 49 (28), 3567 – 3579.
Nie, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2016, 685, 869 – 880.
Downey, International Journal of Powder Metallurgy 1971, 15 – 25

This is purposely aimed at enhancing the crystallinity of as-synthesized ZnO nanorods while maintaining the integrity of nanorods structure.
Gong, Journal of Alloy and Compounds 500 (2010) L17-L21
Katsarakis, Journal of Crystal Growth 311 (2009) 4799-4804
Dabos Seignon, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 354 (2008) 4461-4464

Introduction Some low dimensional compounds show the exotic properties, such as a charge density waves (CDW) and a high critical temperature super conduction (HCTS) [1].
We consider that the low-dimensional iron compounds should be a promising material for exotic electrical conduction phenomena, such as a CDW and a HTCS.
The initial aim of the present research was the preparation of a novel 1T-structure iron dichalcogenide.
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(Japanese journal) [10] F.Keller-Besrest and G.Collin, J.Solid State Chem.

Ordinary high strength steel (Figure 5 (b)) is made by refining the grain through controlled rolling and crystallizing the strengthened matrix with carbon and nitrogen compounds of micro-alloy elements.
（Metallurgical Industry Press, China 1998） [3]WANG Xian-jin,CUI De-li,TANG Di,WANG Zuo-cheng:Steel, Vol.27, No.6（1992）, p.48～52 [4]S.T.Mileiko:Journal of Materials Science, Vol.4, No.11（1969）, p.974~977 [5]I.
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[11]Shi M F,etc.Dual-phase steel and low alloy high strength steel forming properties contrast [J].
[14]Huh H,et al.Dynamic Tensile Characteristics of TRIP-Type and DP-Type Steel Sheets for an Auto-Body.International Journal ofMechanical Sciences.2007

These additives increase the strength properties of polyethylene, but there is a need for additional research aimed at determining the biocompatibility of the resulting composite materials when they are used as one of the parts of enoprostheses.
There are approaches to increase the wear resistance of UHMWPE by applying various protective coatings on its surface based on polyrroles with carbon nanotubes [28], metal compositions [29], organic and organometallic compounds [30], but the resulting material also requires additional research in terms of its compatibility with the human body during its implantation [30].
Lo, An in vitro comparison of the motion behavior of different bipolar endoprostheses, The Journal of Arthroplasty. 14, 7 (1999) 822-826 [13] S.M.
Merola, Experimental comparison on tribological pairs UHMWPE/TIAL6V4 alloy, UHMWPE/AISI316L austenitic stainless and UHMWPE/AL2O3 ceramic, under dry and lubricated conditions, Tribology International. 96 (2016) 349-360 [15] A.
Hu, Strategic positioning of carbon fiber layers in an UHMwPE ballistic hybrid composite panel, International Journal of Impact Engineering. 129 (2019) [23] B.P.

Experimental Two alloy ingots weighing about 150 kg each were melted by a vacuum induction furnace, cast and forged into bars with a diameter of 100 mm.
Bismuth does not form chemical compounds in steel, and it is contained in its structure in the form of isolated particles or particles in contact with other inclusions.
Nakamura, et al.: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 143-144 (2003), p. 66 [2] P.
Jia: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Vol. 6 (1997), p. 215 [5] T.
Lawley: International Journal of Powder Metallurgy Vol. 44 (2008), p. 57 [9] W.S.

The conducted analysis was aimed at defining methodology for manufacturing prototype castings with the use of numerical simulation tools, especially the implementation of boundary conditions achieved as a result of solidification analysis and techniques of rapid prototyping.
Technology, distribution of tensile strength and porosity in a casting of a rocker arm The casting of a cover – the analysis of the casting properties in serial production and in the prototype casting The analysed casting of a cover is manufactured of AlSi9 alloy with the use of the high-pressure die casting technique.
The initial nuclei of solidifying metal do not have time to compound and the created structure is fine-grain.
The use of numerical calculations allows conducting the analysis of the construction together with the possibility of material and construction conversion, which aims at decreasing the mass of the construction and lowering the costs of its manufacturing. 3.
[2] Gustafssona E., Hofwingb M., Strömbergb N.: Residual stresses in a stress lattice - Experiments and finite element simulations, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 209, pp. 4320–4328, 2009

Al2O3-13% TiO2 based nanostructured ceramic coatings were prepared on the surface of NiCrAl alloy by Plasma Spraying technology.
Owing to the low melting point and the strong adhesion of TiO2, Compact ceramic compound matrix composite was formed with TiO2 particulate inlaying in the interstice of Al2O3.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2009, 209 (5):2508~2514
Li Properties of Al2O3 based nanostructured ceramic coatings on magnesium alloy surface by thermal spraying Ordnance Material Science and Engineering [J] 2010, 33(4): 39~42
Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2007, 27 (2~3):1 319~1323.

This study aimed to synthesize an adsorbent based on kapok fiber coated with Poly(o-Anisidine) (PoA-KF) and assess its adsorption performance against methylene blue (MB) dye by performing batch adsorption experiments and kinetic modeling.
Affat, Classifications, Advantages, Disadvantages, Toxicity Effects of Natural and Synthetic Dyes: A review, University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science 8, (2021) 130-135 [8] M.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 791, (2019) 1046–1062
Chemical Engineering Journal, 184, (2012) 248–255
Journal of Polymer Research, 23(9), (2016) 172 [19] M.I.