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The average number of laser shots was set to 37 500 that gave about 1 [h] deposition time.
Fine-grained structure can be observed but column growth is no longer in evidence.
Diffraction rings distinctly indicate presence of fine-grained crystalline structure of both LaCoO3 and (Co,Ca)O oxides (respectively Figs. 4 d and 5 d) and TEM-EDX analysis once again confirm the chemical composition and stoichiometry “transferred” directly from targets (Figs. 4 e, 5 e).

It appeared that fine-grained films had generally lower friction coefficients, closer to those of natural diamond, than coarse-grained films.
The lateral forces are calculated for a number of loads in the range 50-250nN, and the gradient of the lateral force plotted against the normal load gives the coefficient friction.

Fly ash precursors are spherical particles in the range of 3-50mm in Fig.1a and grain boundaries can be clearly distinguished after curing age of 28d without a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Fig.1 SEM and FESEM images of samples.
A thick layer of gel-like hydration products curve on the surface of fly ash grains at the final setting time of 1.5 h as shown in Fig.1e and Fig.1f.
After the curing age of 1 day, it can be found that a large number of cementitious materials generate on the surface and interface in Fig.1g and Fig.1h.

Increasing the number of vacancies and resolution of the strengthening phases as completely as possible benefits for getting both the supersaturated concentrations of vacancies and alloying elements in matrix, resulting in a fasten aging treatment and enhanced strengthening subsequently.
The ideal solid solution is that the compositions of solid solution are more uniform, the grains are made greater properly, and the total area at grain boundaries is lessened.

The recording medium adopted in HAMR technique must possess properties such as (1) high perpendicular coercivity (Hc) to protect magnetic domain from thermal agitation, (2) enough magnetic flux for magnetic head to detect, (3) amorphous structure to prevent the noise generated from grain boundary, and (4) adequate Curie temperature (Tc 200~250°C).
In order to enhance the Ms value without lowering too much S⊥ value, we fix the Co thickness as 12 nm and varies the number n.
There are several mutual phenomena existing in both images such as (i) vague lattice or grain appears in every Co layer, (ii) the interface becomes roughest before depositing TbCo layer, and (iii) the TbCo layer is amorphous.

The nanoscale surface chemical properties (e.g. surface functional groups, charge distribution), and morphological structure (e.g. grain size, shape, distribution, roughness) will critically influence the implant's interaction with the biological environment, and how well the implant subsequently performs in vivo [8].
After stirring strongly at the temperature of 70℃ for 2h, the sol HA is obtained by centrifuge dehydration, which is needle-like grain with ф5-20nm×60nm.
This process is heavily influenced by the solubility properties of the mineral, which is a form of HA containing a number of ions calcium, phosphate and hydroxyl.

The grain size was about 1.5~2µm, and the sintering neck clearly observed among the grains indicated that HA particles had become ceramic well.
After implantation, a biomaterial firstly contacts with the body fluids in which a large number of proteins and inorganic ions exists.

Experimental details Fatigue samples were prepared from single phase β-type Ti-45Nb (wt %) material with a bcc structure and an average grain size of about 15 µm.
Mechanical properties of Ti45Wt% Nb alloy Yield stress [MPa] UTS [MPa] Elongation [%] Hardness [GPa] E (GPa) Density [g/cm3] Grain size [µm] 410 - 443 450 - 490 10 - 32 1.86 65.4±2.1 5.7 14±2 Fatigue tests were performed using an ultrasonic resonance fatigue testing system by which the sample is excited to symmetrical longitudinal push-pull vibrations at a resonance frequency of about 20 kHz.
In our study, the type of failure was rather independent from the stress level, but mainly dependent on the number of loading cycles.

Dimitrie Mangeron Street, number 67, Iaşi, 700050, Romania aradulsv2014@gmail.com , bsergiustanciu2003@yahoo.com, cnicanornick@yahoo.com*, dramonahanu@yahoo.com, evmanole2005@yahoo.com Keywords: damping capacity, shape memory alloy, DMA Abstract.
a) b) Figure 1 SEM microscopy for a) CuMnAl and b) CuZnAl at 1000x Both materials present a martensitic microstructure with big grains, larger than 100 µm, that are typically for melted state Cu-base alloys.
Kainuma, Effects of grain size and texture on damping properties of Cu-Al-Mn-based shape memory alloys, Materials Science and Engineering A. 438-440 (2006)743-746

Given the importance and widespread usage of 230 alloy, a number of studies on its thermal stability have been conducted.
In this condition, the material had an ASTM grain size of 4½.
Large, primary carbides are scattered throughout the structure, while secondary precipitates are seen intragranularly and along grain boundaries.