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Alloying Elements such as Mn, Ni, Cr and so on, which can affect the characteristics of phase transformation of steel, are added into steel in order to obtain optimum microstructure and mechanical properties.
As the kind of common micro alloy element, vanadium is used to improve the properties of steel, such as strength, wear resistance and so on [1-3].
Numerous researches reveal that [4-9], vanadium exists in the steel as the form of solid solution and carbonitride; In addition to the solution and precipitation strengthening, vanadium can notably affect the characteristics of phase transformation for steels.
But the diffusion coefficient of vanadium atoms is about 5 orders of magnitude lower than carbon atoms, therefore the diffusion and distribution of vanadium is one of controlling factors of pearlite transformation for heavy rail steel.
Materials for Mechanical Engineering.

Whilst the strongest tendon on the body, the Achilles tendon (AT) is also one of the tendons that are most commonly affected by spontaneous complete rupture [1, 2].
The model comprised of 13 segments, 12 joints and 23 degree-of-freedom (DOF) mechanical linkages, which enables enabled movements in the sagittal, frontal and coronal planes, and was actuated by 54 muscle-tendon units.
Biomechanical properties, such as viscoelasticity and tensile strength, are integral to tendon function and attributable to elastin and collagen fibres and their metabolism.
Due to the viscoelastic properties of the tendon, this high strain rate may result in large amount of stress, which is one of the major injury factors for acute Achilles tendon rupture.
Munro: Dorsiflexion Capacity Affects achilles tendon loading during Drop Landings.

The fundamental properties of snow and ice, the main winter objects’ attribute, are studied by engineering glaciology, therefore, already developed knowledge in this area is used in the design of complexes for winter sports.
The physical and mechanical snow properties (as a material) are determined by objective indicators: density, hardness, connectivity, frictional properties, adhesion and freezing, moisture, snow structure and texture.
Information on https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orthtr.2013.09.003 [3] Chen C, Tsai L-T, Lin C-F, Huang C-C, Chang Y-T, Chen R-Y, et al. (2017) Factors influencing interest in recreational sports participation and its rural-urban disparity, PLoS ONE 12(5): e0178052.
[6] Ruedl, G., Kopp, M., Sommersacher, R., Woldrich, T., Burtscher, M., Factors associated with injuries occurred on slope intersections and in snow parks compared to on-slope injuries, Accid.
[7] Gerhard Ruedl, Martin Kopp, Renate Sommersacher, Martin Burtscher, Factors associated with injuries occurred on slope intersections and in snow parks compared to on-slope injuries, 1221-1225 (2013) [8] Afonina M.

A transient three-dimensional mathematical model based on the Fick´s and Fourier´s Laws was developed to predict heat and mass transport in solids considering constant physical properties and convective boundary conditions at the surface of the solid.
Therefore, the attempt to control the properties of the product must pass through the understanding and controlling of the basic properties of the materials which are directly related to the manufacturing process.
During the drying process of a ceramic part, due to various operational factors such as temperature, relative humidity and of the velocity drying air velocity, shape and thickness of the piece, several failures in the product can occur, such as cracks, warping, florescence and black heart leading to its loss and causing economic and environmental damage to the ceramic industries.
[°C] 2R1 [mm] 2R2 [mm] 2R3 [mm] t [min] 80 5.0 0.1 2.71 9.02 27.94 60.26 6.55 20.56 270 Table 2 - Transport properties used in the simulations.
Beasley, Theory and design for mechanical measurement, second ed., John Wiley and Son, New York, 1995

Use elastic theory method[6] to analyze the factors affecting pile settlement, we can obtain the following conclusions: not only do the lower pile modulus mixing pile exhibit the characteristics of flexible piles, but also the higher pile modulus ordinary pile will show the characteristics of flexible piles with the increasing pile length; the division of flexible and rigid piles depends on the aspect ratio of the pile and pile stiffness(the ratio about elastic modulus of pile and elastic modulus of the soil ).
When the loads on the piles reach their ultimate bearing capacity and the settlement of pile top reaches its allowed top settlement amount, the soil layers around piles are always in the elastic-plastic phase, therefore, we must establish the calculation models which can reasonably describe the load transfer characteristics of the super-long pile, and can also consider the pile top load, pile top settlement, mechanical properties of soil, the material of pile, the geometrical dimension of pile, and pile formation technology etc, in order to reasonably determine the effective length of single pile through the control method of the ultimate bearing capacity and the control method of settlement of pile top.
Relationship curve of effective pile length and the control factors Calculation method of the load-settlement curve.
(3)Determining effective pile length is a very complex problem, it is related to many factors.
(4)Due to the influence factors of effective pile length is very complex, there are still big differences in determining the effective pile length between the static load test, model test, field monitoring and numerical analysis method at present.

Special emphasis is on: 1) deriving a ordinary differential equation about the failure surface function; 2) obtaining a new analytical solution of the failure surface by Legendre transform; 3) discussing the effect of the filler's properties on the failure surface.
The mechanical parameters of the backfilled clay are: 20c kPa= , 16ϕ= o , 3 18 /kN m γ= , respectively.
Discussion: the effects of the soil properties on the acrθ In the design of a retaining wall, the filler's properties, including , , ,wc ϕδ γ, can significantly influence the value of acrθ , as demonstrated in Fig.2 (b).
In this paper, based on vertical differential element method and the variational principle, a new analytic solution to determine the actual failure surface in the backfilled clay is derived, and the effects of the filler's properties and the smoothness of the retaining wall are discussed.
Further analytical investigation is needed to clarify the effect of the variation of the backfilled clay's properties and smoothness of the retaining wall's back.

Temperature variation history prediction of fully-closed adhesive joint in curing process Chu Chena, Zhiguo Lub and Jianping Linc College of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China achenchu0801@163.com, blulong83820@163.com, cJplin58@tongji.edu.cn Keywords: adhesive joint; closed condition; multi-capacity system; combined heat transfer coefficients.
The temperature of joint is the one of the most important factors affect the performance of joint.
As the heat transfer property of metal is excellent, when the thickness of coupon δ≤3mm (indicates Bi<<0.1), joints could be deemed as lumped heat body.
And the convective coefficients or radiation are affected by diverse factors [7].
(10) From Eq. (9) and Eq. (10), for given geometric parameters and thermal properties of enclosure and joint, fixing a proper time step, combined the temperature variation history recorded by curing experiments, the h1 and h3 can be obtained by taking the mean of substep values.

Electrical and mechanical technology research of fully Mechanized coal caving under aquifer Guiling Bu 1 Li Wang2 and Baichao Song 3 1.2．3 Engineering school of Hulunbeier college，Inner Mongolia,China Key word: aquifer; coal mechanized caving; Solution.
Abstract: In this paper, We studied the technical issues of fully mechanized caving under aquifer in Tiebei mine of Zhalainuoer mining company，carry on analysis and studies from the electrical and mechanical equipment to the technical management and gave the solution, with some reference value.
After this the roof is broken，have bad integrity and often fall off，which make the two assistant brackets and the main frame don't get the top，Cannot guarantee a normal advance and affect the safety in production.
Comparative analysis reach a conclusion that shifting power of hydraulic chocks was the main factor of conveyor downslide, took up the lane markings degrees, adjust hydraulic chock direction manual, all of which controlled conveyor downslide effectively.
In front of rational utilization and scientific management, information feedback from user is precondition , reasonable , advance or forseeable and complellent perform maintenance is foundation of equipment management, the reinforcing properties of utility management as guarantee, material reserve in time as safeguardiing , above four respects of scientific device management is dependent and indispensable

The wide use of titanium in many areas of industry is explained by high set of its physical and mechanical properties, particularly by high specific strength and phenomenal corrosion resistance.
Nevertheless, even more stringent requirements to materials properties are required in some fields of industry.
However the widespread use of tantalum is limited by several factors, mainly its high cost and low production volumes.
Authors of [3] note that alloys of titanium and tantalum are the most promising for nuclear waste processing plants, when it is important to take into account corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, availability and cost of material.
At least three clearly separated zones can be marked out in the cladding structure: a zone of a melted metal (1), a heat affected zone (2) and an unaffected zone (3).

Calculating Rheological Properties of Fresh Mortar for Additive Manufacturing Based on Experimental, Multi-Sensor Data E.
Although mortar properties vary only locally, a defect in one layer during printing could affect the entire integrity of the whole structure .
To achieve variations in rheological properties, water content was changed for each mixture.
To characterise material properties, additional experiments has been performed.
It can be expected, that the rheological properties of a fluid are varying with temperature [14].