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Data structure and variable structure.
Data are designed and grouped into data structures.
The first type is a global state that transmits data from individual decentralized machines.
The second type of data structures is the data of each device.
Each device has assigned its own data structure.

The host computer would record real-time data of test bus running in second.
Total of 3856 group valid data was collected with the comparing bus.
Those data will be called control group while the data of the first test bus called comprehensive group.
It was analyzed the data with statistic method and construct bus running cycle.
All the data above is suitable for the bus running rule. 3.

The advantages of the proposed inverter upon standard topologies are significant reduction of electrical components and as a result, smaller size and weight.
The closed loop control is performed by acquiring position/velocity data from position/velocity encoder that is mounted on motor's shaft (see Fig. 1a).
The reduction of the inverter's size will reduce the VFD size and consequently, lower its price.

In order to explain this phenomenon, through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) scanning and energy spectroscopy (EDS) elemental analysis, the wear reduction mechanism of solid lubricants was analyzed, that is, during the cutting process, nano solid lubricants precipitated and formed lubricating film on the rake surface of the tool to reduce the friction coefficient.
The self-lubricating tool means that the tool material itself has the function of friction reduction and anti-wear.
The experimental data are substituted into the formula to obtain the friction coefficient in the cutting of two ceramic tools, as shown in the following figure: Figure 4 Friction coefficient comparison between AT and ATC ceramic tools As shown in Figure 4, the friction coefficient of ATC ceramic tool with nano solid lubricants during cutting is smaller than that of AT ceramic tool without solid lubricants.
In summary, the addition of solid lubricant CaF2 effectively reduces the friction coefficient of the tool, thereby reducing the heat generated by friction, which is also the main reason for the reduction in cutting temperature.
During the cutting process, the reduction of cutting temperature is helpful to reduce the thermal deformation of the workpiece, and at the same time reduce the thermal wear of the tool and increase the tool life.

Solar trackers currently in use can be divided into two types: data/time based type and photoelectric tracking type [2].
A Data/time based solar tracker calculates the position of the sun by solving a set of complex equations according to geography.
Data is transmitted to the CPU via I2C bus.
The precision feedback system reads data out of the light intensity sensor, the actuator rotates then.
The tracker reads data again to check whether the sun is well tracked.

Data Pre-processing.
However, the raw data sequence may every so often differ from the others in terms of the range and unit, as a result, it brings about the incomparable condition during grey relational analysis.
Based on the above reason, ahead of implementing the present analysis, data pre-processing of transferring the original sequence to a comparable one is required [6].
In this study, the raw data were transformed into dimensionless forms by initial-value pre-processing.
As there are too many relational coefficients to be compared directly, further data reduction makes use of average-value processing to convert each sequence into its mean.

PCA is based on an orthogonal decomposition of the covariance matrix of the variables along directions that explain the maximum variation of the data.
The main purpose of using PCA is to find factors that have a much lower dimension than the original data set, which can properly describe the major features in the original data set.
Principal Component Analysis PCA is a linear dimensionality reduction technique, optimal in terms of capturing the major information of the data [3].
Then, construct the OAOSVMs using fault features data set.
The sampled data are preprocessed by PCA for feature extraction.

As a result, the path optimization of laser group holes is a key problem, and the path optimization of the CNC drilling process can lead to reduction in machining time, which greatly enhances productivity of machining system for the modern manufacturing technology [5].
Assuming that the number of all holes is n for the same diameter, the number of sub regions is k, and U is the total data set, implementation processing of the presented path optimization based on clustering ant colony algorithm is as follows: (1) Divide sub regions by the improved k-means clustering method.
Therefore, sub regions are divided by using the improved k-means clustering algorithm, and the general steps of the improved k-means clustering algorithm are as follows: 1) Calculate the distance d (x,y) between the arbitrary two data objects, which can be written as follows: (3) where the data object ,and . 2) Determine the data object of the shortest distance in the total data set U, which constructs the set Im and removes the two objects from the total data set U, where . 3) Repeat step 2).
When the number of Im is greater than or equal to n/k, the cycle is ended. 4) K data objects of the set Im are respectively calculated by arithmetic average, thereby k initial clustering centers are constructed. 5) According to the nearest neighboring principle, the remaining other data objects are assigned to k clustering. 6) Each new clustering data object is calculated by arithmetic average, and k new clustering centers are obtained. 7) According to the nearest neighboring principle, objects are assigned to its nearest clustering. 8) Repeat step 6) and 7), according to Eq. (4), the cycle is ended

CNC machining based on application integration and cloud service platform NC machining based on application integration and cloud service platform is through the cloud computing technology to realize the software, computing, knowledge organization, management and sharing of resources, through the Internet of things and embedded technology realize a physical device such as automatic access, management, monitoring and sharing, and through the virtualization and service-oriented technology standard, for all kinds of CNC manufacture resource, manufacturing capabilities, manufacturing knowledge for automatic configuration and deployment of cloud, construct an autonomous, self-maintenance, dynamic extension system of NC manufacturing service cloud, and with the support of high performance computing technology, to realize automatic NC manufacture of cloud services rent-seeking, intelligent matching, cost optimization, intelligent settlement and payment, data security management, through the task
The purpose of NC machining based on application integration and cloud service platform is the implementation based on knowledge of CNC manufacturing resources and manufacturing capabilities, manufacturing knowledge sharing and according to the need to use, so as to improve the utilization of NC manufacturing resources, implement modern enterprise listed with the fastest speed, best quality, lowest cost, best service, the most clean environment, better flexibility and high knowledge content to meet different customer demand for products and social requirement) goal of sustainable development, promote energy conservation and emissions reduction, realize green and low carbon manufacturing.
With all sorts of NC machine application, if there is no uniform data model or specification, it is difficult to integrate them in a big flat.
The platform is divided into management, application integration layer and base data layer three parts.
Among them, the application of the management is responsible for user management, system management, management of cloud services, data management and cloud service release management, etc., it can be integrated into a larger cloud manufacturing platform, can also operate independently; Basic data layer including CNC machining equipment, cutting tools, software, fundamental data such as manufacturing capability and technology, and knowledge, is provided by the resource provider, application tools developer; Application integration layer is composed of data interface platform and service integration application tool, is responsible for distribution in different locations of the manufacturing resources and integrate the application tools provided by different organizations to provide process design, CNC programming and integration of various kinds of NC machining process related services.

The results showed that the alkaline oxidation-reduction potential of water each age concrete carbonation resistance are greatly improved, 28d carbonation depth is reduced by approximately 21%.
Fig.2 APW concrete carbonation interface Fig.1 Regular concrete section carbonation interface Non-destructive testing of concrete carbonation depth GBJ 82-85 specification elongated prism specimens (small cubic specimens or more), the following disadvantages in the test procedure: 1) Nearby concrete structure (pore diameter, porosity, etc.) is different at different splitting, the lack of homogeneity and therefore the test data, test data at different times lack of continuity. 2) Rough split surface, resulting in uneven color reagent is difficult to determine the boundaries 3) Limited number of samples, is not conducive to the establishment and testing carbonation model.
Carbonation test data in Table 4.
Tab.4 Nondestructive way of test data Carbonation time /d 20 30 40 50 Carbonation depth /mm 12.3 14.2 15.5 16.9 Carbonation time /d 60 70 80 90 Carbonation depth /mm 18.2 19.3 21.8 22.6 According to experimental data in Table 4 can be obtained by regression carbonation equation: Xt = 3.53t0.407
Nondestructive carbide carbide specimens may continue to the next instar (or more) to obtain new data, re-carbonation correction equation that prediction accuracy achieved.