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It was found that successful rolling passes in the first hot rolling process did not depend on the number of rolling passes in the first hot rolling process in Fig.2.
We could not recognize clear differences between the Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, however the mean grain size of crystal in Fig. 8 was slightly smaller than that in Fig. 9.
We can also see that the grain sizes of the crystal in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are less than 10 micrometers.
Although the experimental results obtained suggest a key to the relation between the crystal grain size of alloy sheets and plastic formability in elevated temperature, more detailed experimental research will be required.
A n n e a lin g te m p e r a tu re T a (ºC ) Limiting drawing ratio 1) It was found that appropriate roll speeds are from 5 to 25 meters per minutes at 625 ° C, and from 5 to 10 meters per minutes at 630° C in the present experiment equipment. 2) In the hot rolling process, a temperature of 400 ° C was necessary to avoid cracks occurring in cast magnesium alloys. 3) It was found that appropriate annealing condition was 350 ° C for two hours in the hot rolling process. 4) The grain size of the manufactured wrought magnesium alloys sheets was less than 10 micrometers.

Figure 4 shows the flowerlike and nanosheet structure and shows the pattern of spherical clustered grains.
From equation (1) above is known that greater number of effective density of conduction band energy level will cause the increase of charge carrier so that the conductivity will increase.
Sensing mechanism of ZnO and Al-dopes ZnO influenced by the adsorption of oxygen on the area between the crystal grain boundaries.
(3) This process in Eq. 3 resulted in the formation of a potential energy barrier, between the grain boundaries, which led to increasing resistance value as shown in Figure 8.
SEM results showed flowerlike and nanosheet structure and shows the pattern of spherical clustered grains.

When the stir speed is too slow, the particles cannot be easily scooped, and the amount of particles sent to the surface of the substrate is small; When the stir speed is too fast, particle motion is too fast, so that the number of collisions of the mutual movement of the dispersed particles increased, bur the chance of trapping particles of the surface decreased.
It was found that composite coating grains can be refined, when mechanical stirring speed up to 1000 r / min.
Then, to continue to improve the mechanical agitation speed, grain size increased, but deposition rate and microhardness decreased.
This improvement was attributed to the existence of WC nano-phase grains and the crystallization of a hard Ni3P phase.
This phenomenon resulting from the coarsening of grain size was also reported for the Ni–P composite coatings.

Material 7000C for 3 min 7200C for 3 min 7400C for 3 min 7600C for 3 min Contact Angle (θ) Micro hardness (VHN) Tensile strength (MPa) Contact Angle (θ) Micro hardness (VHN) Tensile strength (MPa) Contact Angle (θ) Micro hardness (VHN) Tensile strength (MPa) Contact Angle (θ) Micro hardness (VHN) Tensile strength (MPa) Copper 41.20 55.7 195.2 60.51 68.7 184.5 42.0 70.95 160.7 48.45 79.85 140.3 CuO8,Cu2+2O(SO4) (Base Centered Cubic(BCC)) CuO8,Cu2+2O(SO4) (Base Centered Cubic(BCC)) CuO8,Cu2+2O(SO4) (Base Centered Cubic(BCC)) CuO8,Cu2+2O(SO4) (Base Centered Cubic(BCC)) Austenitic Stainless Steel(SS304) 33.59 247.1 438.5 50.76 233.74 413.9 55.1 218.19 403.1 43.60 202.5 390.4 FeO(Face Centered Cubic (FCC) Cr2Fe14C(Face Centered Cubic (FCC) Cr2Fe14C(Face Centered Cubic (FCC) Cr2Fe14C(Face Centered Cubic (FCC) As the pre-oxidation temperature of metal specimen increases above 7000C to 7200C, 7400C and 7600C precipitation of carbon in form of carbide from the grain
As pre-oxidation temperature of copper increases, larger grain size is observed at increased temperatures , also increasingly oxide and sulfur containing phases are visible in the matrix which may possibly be also the reason for the observed increase in the micro-hardness of copper.
As pre-oxidation temperature increases above 7000C the carbide precipitation from the grain boundary of metal specimen starts taking place.
The carbide precipitation from the grain boundary decreases the wettability and spreading behavior of borosilicate glass over austenitic stainless steel SS304 metal specimen. 4.
Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) New Delhi, India for the funding recieved for the project “Establishment of centre of excellence in solar thermal research and education at Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur“ (Project number: S/MNRE/LC/ 20110007).

In this context, the Centre for Mineral Technology, specifically the Regional Nucleus of Espírito Santo located in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim (Espírito Santo State), has been carrying a number of studies aimed at the stone industry innovation.
The evolution of the epoxy resin-based parts with the diamond as cutting elements was also experimented, allowing the processing of a huge range of materials with coarse-grained minerals, which previously could not be processed, collaborating for the diversification of the products [5].
In this way, the abrasive grain wears completely in conjunction with the binder matrix, allowing the emergence of a new grain and maintaining the abrasion power of the fickert.
Rice hull ash is obtained from the combustion of the rice hull in the process of drying the grain during its industrialization.

When the doping content is so high (x ≥ 0.15), the Cu(2) in CuO2 plane will be substituted by Fe ion. on one hand, the number of clusters in Cu-O chain region increases[12], because oxygen cannot meet the coordination requirements, oxygen vacancies are increasing; on the other hand, some Fe3 + ions doped to the Cu (2) position, will increase oxygen vacancies in the CuO2 plane as well, can also cause reduction of valence electron density of the CuO2 plane.
The grain shape of the samples is abnormity, the distribution of grain is randomly oriented, and some pores exist in the samples.
The samples prepared at Fe doping content of x = 0.1 and 0.2 with bigger grain size crystallized well and had superconducting.
The crystallization and grain size of the samples prepared at Fe doping content of x = 0.3 are bad, and the zero-resistance critical temperature Tc has not been detected.

The end result is that soil particles spacing narrowed, produce flocculation effect, make coarse grain components in soils (compared with clay particles) increase
Lime and a large number of silicon, aluminum existed in soil or they both react, forming a new strong bonding of the cementing material.
Ion exchanges can effectively reduce the expansive soil plasticity index, activity index and swell-shrinking characteristics, etc. and lead to fine-grained composition in soil reunite and form a relatively coarse grained composition.
Weathered sands are derived from somewhere nearby Yi Chang Small Crow first class road which have fine grained particles and different scales of the particles is relatively uniform.

Yang et al. [9] applied a CNC laser machine to fabricate grinding wheels with a regular grain distribution.
The arrangement of diamond grains could be controlled by a feeding device.
In HAZ, quenching and tempering processes occurred because the temperature was insufficient for dissolution of the material grains.
Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission for the projects numbered as: Y01336107, GJHZ20180411143506667, and JCYJ20170817111811303.
A study on diamond grinding wheels with regular grain distribution using additive manufacturing (AM) technology.

Introduction Currently, the number of materials science researches in the field of development of the new functional materials and technologies for producing finished products by powder metallurgy methods is rapidly rising [1].
Sometimes this allows to prevent a significant grains growth and preserve or obtain a nanostructure in the samples [9].
A large grain size was observed in Fig. 1a for Co samples produced without addition Co NP.
The addition of 0.5 wt. % Co NP causes to some reduction in grain size Fig. 1b.
In addition, NPs increased the contact area between micron grains based on cobalt and iron due to their large surface area, which facilitated the upward sliding of micron particles due to the capillary forces acting on them.

Clay data for test Specific gravity ds Liquid limit ωI Plastic limit ωP 2.693 38 13 Fig. 1 Grain size distribution curves of the samples The samples’dry density was controlled to 1.54 g/cm3.
In the test, the sample was considered to be failed and the test ended when the ratio of pore pressure ud/σ3’ reached to 1 or the dynamic deformation εd was equal to 5% （This rule comply with the Chinese code [7], and it is limited by the program of the DSZ-1dynamic triaxial apparatus of IEM. ） Test Results The relationship between the cycle number (Nf) and the ratio of liquefaction shear stress (σd’/2σ3’) obtained from the experiment was shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 3 illustrates the effects of how the ratio of liquefaction shear stress varies with different values for clay content when the cycle numbers are 12, 20, and 30, respectively.
Fig. 2 The relationship between cycle number and ratio of liquefaction shear stress Fig. 3 The relationship between clay content and ratio of liquefaction shear stress when Nf=12, 20, 30 The sand skeleton data are presented in the Table 3, where es means void ratio and Drs depicts the relative density of the sands.
The samples were named with the following rules: CC means clay content and the number means the percentage value.