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The resin adheres with metal by both mechanical and chemical connection.
The bond of the aromatic series is very strong and thus it is scarcely affected by high temperature and high humidity.
The oxide formed on the surface of Cu as shown in Fig. 3 has weak mechanical properties and low adhesion properties to the organic material [9].
Using degree of water absorption as a degradation factor, prediction expression for degradation life was evaluated.
(4) When the oxide with weak mechanical properties forms on the surface of Cu by progress of the oxidation of Cu with aging in high temperature and high humidity conditions, further decrease in adhesive strength is caused

This method relates to non-destructive testing methods and is based on the property of double refraction (optical anisotropy), which is observed in some isotropic transparent materials in the stress state.
However, the study obliged to be carried out not on the real, but on the model material, which reflects the actual properties of the materials only in the elasticity [9].
Based on the study, it can be concluded that the stress state of the element is affected by the location of the cut, the angle of its inclination and the distance from the other cracks-cuts.
[6] Handa D, Dondapati R S, Usurumarti P R 2017 Investigation on the stress concentration in metallic flat plates due to holes with different configurations International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 8, Issue 7 P. 1718–1725
[10] Albaut G N, Pangaev V V, Tabanyukhova M V and Kharinova N V 2005 To the problem of the stress intensity factors determination in the elements of building structures Izvestiya Vuzov.

The bubbles often lead to the emergence of internal cavities, loose structure, mechanical properties decline and bad surface roughness, all of which significantly affect the quality of the product.
Interferences from the surrounding and intrinsic differences of material characteristic are the factors leading to differences of bubble image.
At the same time, this detection of edge has a multilevel nature which will affect the statistical analysis later.
The bubble problem has become an important factor of vacuum casting product quality.
Fig.4 Region section Fig.5 Effect of smoothing Fig.6 Effect of multiply sharpening operation Fig.7 Image Binarization Acknowledgements This work is supported by Innovation Foundation of SHU (A.10-0109-08-010), Shanghai Science Foundation for the Excellent Youth Scholars (B.37-0109-08-004), and the fund of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanical Automation and Robotics (D.10-0109-09-006).

Chouw, “Mechanical and dynamic properties of coconut fibre reinforced concrete,” Constr.
Czigány, “Chemical Composition and Mechanical Properties of Basalt and Glass Fibers: A Comparison,” Text.
Srivastava, “Effect of Fibre Length on Mechanical Properties of Randomly Oriented Short Jute Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composite,” Mater.
Bledzki, “The influence of fiber-surface treatment on the mechanical properties of jute-polypropylene composites,” Compos.
Magalhaes, “Analysis of the mechanical and thermal properties of jute and glass fiber as reinforcement epoxy hybrid composites,” Mater.

More in detail, although both material properties and process conditions strongly influence the process results, they were not taken into account during the experimental investigation in order to simplify the analysis.
For this purpose, at the beginning is properly required to fix the factors to vary during the investigation.
Furthermore, it does not allow to analyse the correlations between factors.
In other words, starting by the monitoring of the percentage error, it was possible to identify which factors strongly influence the output and, as consequence, which factors maximize the S/N ratio minimizing the prediction error network.
A partial significance was measured for the number hidden neurons (NHN) and the learning rate (Lr) factors.

Tailoring of Optical and Physical Properties of ZnO Films by Co-Doping Concentration A.R.
The morphology and structure properties were characterised, and the effects of Co doping and post-annealing were investigated.
UV-Visible spectroscopy is an efficient technique to monitor the optical properties ZnO and Co-doped ZnO thin films.
Although the corresponding results were explained in terms of a variation of the lattice parameters, a few researchers [17] reported that some other factors might also play an essential role in the determination of the bandgap energy.
The structural, morphological and optical properties of these films were investigated.

There are four primary constituents in a thermal protection system, each of which has specific properties and functions (Fig.2).
Two factors affect the rumpling of the TGO: (a) local volume shrinkage induced by transformation of β-(Ni,Pt)Al to γ'-Ni3Al or γ-Ni; (b) the visco-plastic deformation of the bond coat in order to release the growth stress or thermal misfit stress during thermal cycling.
However, subsequent studies indicated that the oxide thickness (volume) is only one of the many factors (eg.
Cr 3+ concentration, stress state) affecting luminescence intensity.
Finally, there will be remain a strong need for characterisation of the mechanical properties such as interfacial toughness, stresses, and elastic modulus of TBC systems.

Professor, 2Final year student, 3Professor Mechanical Engg.
Kovacevic et al [3] carried out thermal and thermo-mechanical analyses using finite elements.
These analyses are based on a heat source model, not considering the thermo-mechanical coupling generated by plastic flow.
The tool is comprised of a shoulder 32 mm in diameter with a pin of diameter 10 mm at the top and 9.5 mm height extending down from the shoulder center as shown in figure 1.The tool material is a proprietary M2 tool steel alloy exhibiting good hardness and heat transfer properties.
The plastic flow significantly affects heat transport within the workpiece, even for 6061 aluminum alloy that has a high thermal conductivity.

Crocombe 1,d 1 Faculty of Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 5XH, 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU a i.hilmy@surrey.ac.uk, bM.Wahab@surrey.ac.uk, cI.A.Ashcroft@lboro.ac.ukd , A.Crocombe@surrey.ac.uk Keywords: Triaxiality Function, Scarf Joint, Low Cycle fatigue Damage, Finite Element Analysis Abstract: Triaxiality function (Rv) has been known as one of the important factors that responsible for damage initiation in adhesive bonding.
Dutta [4] found that the stress state is an important factor in crack initiation and strain failure.
Material properties of FM73 are as follow: Young Modulus = 1211 N/mm2, Poisson's Ratio = 0.38.
Changing in the magnitude of loading does not affect triaxiality.

More detailed way to classify the double skin facades according to the (Figure 1, 2) [5, 6]: - type of ventilation: natural; enhanced by ventilator; mechanical
- airflow direction: to the top or to the bottom (only in case of mechanical ventilation)
In the cold season exterior vents are closed to allow heat to build up in the cavity spaces, which protects against cold winds while improving the thermal insulating properties of the windows by as 20%.
Together, all those physical factors condition the design of a double skin façade, and must be respected and followed in order to achieve improved comfort of the internal environment and reduce energy consumption.
Vatin: Properties of the wall structures made of autoclaved cellular concrete products on the polyurethane foam adhesive.