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Introduction Copper in the simple and alloying cast iron improves the antifriction properties [1-6].
It was also assumed that one of the main factors that would significantly affect the distribution of copper formations in cast iron was the carbon equivalent, which governed the carbon or silicon ratio.
Crystallization kinetic factors play an important role that impacts on the possible sizes of the droplets as well as the final results of the system differentiation.
[4] Agunsoye, J.O., Bello, S.A., Hassan, S.B., Adeyemo, R.G. and Odii, J.M. (2014) The Effect of Copper Addition on the Mechanical and Wear Properties of Grey Cast Iron.
Graphitization and properties of cast iron.

The effect of rare earth and tantalum contents on the properties of GLC coating can be studied by adjusting the insert material and number.
Tab. 2 Factors and levels of test Levels Factors (number of insert) Yttrium Cerium Tantalum 1 2 2 1 2 4 4 2 3 6 6 3 In order to increase the reliability of statistics, a NULL column with three levels was designed to evaluate factor error and F value of variance analysis.
The tested factors were corrosion current density in sea water with 3.5wt% sodium chloride.
Effects of factors are show in Fig.2.
The tribological properties are essential to GLC coating, and some performances are showed as Fig.3.

Al-Tabey* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria (21544), Egypt Keywords: Neural network predication, Fatigue of composites, Expert systems, Neural network modeling Abstract.
A wide literature review showed that the fatigue behavior of composite materials is dependent on many factors.
Modeling of these factors effects involves the development of a mathematical tool derived from experimental data.
Three fatigue parameters (peak stress, minimum stress and probability of failure) as well as four mono- tonic mechanical properties (tensile strength, compression strength, tensile failure strain and tensile modulus) were selected as the ANN inputs, which were applied to predict the fatigue life of the composite as the output.
Serra [4] confirmed that the properties of the basic element (lamina) and their orientation within the laminate strongly affect the fatigue performance of composite laminates.

There are four primary constituents in a thermal protection system, each of which has specific properties and functions (Fig.2).
Two factors affect the rumpling of the TGO: (a) local volume shrinkage induced by transformation of β-(Ni,Pt)Al to γ'-Ni3Al or γ-Ni; (b) the visco-plastic deformation of the bond coat in order to release the growth stress or thermal misfit stress during thermal cycling.
However, subsequent studies indicated that the oxide thickness (volume) is only one of the many factors (eg.
Cr 3+ concentration, stress state) affecting luminescence intensity.
Finally, there will be remain a strong need for characterisation of the mechanical properties such as interfacial toughness, stresses, and elastic modulus of TBC systems.

Additionally, to enhance the reliability of the mechanism; safety factors were also consider in critical components dimensioning.
Hence, the tradeoff between the degree of irreversibility and the actuator efficiency must consider factors that can vanish or derate its initially established value, such as, vibration, and changes of the tribological characteristics of the actuator components due to aging or temperature variation.
· Building materials or devices shall be chosen accordingly to the most commercial or standard type and best price-quality ratio, which naturally must comply with the required properties or performance
The efficiency of the screw mainly depends on its type and its tribological condition, and besides affecting the overall performance; considerably influences the reversibility grade of the actuator.
The parts properties were also included in their virtual model in order to have a more realistic design.

Thus FSP is believed to be one of the most useful methods for improving mechanical properties, particularly fatigue properties.
Experimental results A356-T6 Microstructure and mechanical properties.
The mechanical properties of the as-cast FSPed specimens are listed in Table 1.
AZ91-T5 Microstructure and mechanical properties.
The mechanical properties of the as-cast and FSPed specimens are listed in Table 1.

Fig.4 Finished new layers of MKPC powder Traditional method for making MKPC involves local vibration compaction during the period of filling the mould, the procedure of vibration will eliminate the air from the MKPC paste thereby reduce the porosity of MKPC specimen and finally the mechanical properties will also be improved such as compressive strength and flexure strength.
Therefore, the printing speed and penetration property of MKPC system are the key factors influences the w/c ratio.
These parameters are vital influences in producing MKPC through binder jetting system as well as mechanism properties of printed MKPC specimens.
Except for the difference of compaction method in binder jetting system and Casting method which discussed before, the mixing method is also the key difference in making MKPC. binder jetting system only utilize dry mixing due to the deposition requirement of fabrication while the casting method apply dry powder mixing and wet mixing together to get final product and the mixing difference is also the key factors in affecting the mechanism properties of MKPC.
Panyathanmaporn, Influence of raw powder preparation routes on properties of hydroxyapatite fabricated by 3D printing technique.

The results showed that soil structural properties in tea and eucalyptus plantations were similar.
It has been a unique soil ecosystem as root absorption properties and fertilization management of tea plantations.
There are closely relationship between the stability of soil aggregates and the processes of ecosystems, and the stability of soil aggregates is also one of important factors for restricting soil erosion [4-5].
The results showed the human farming activities had important effect on soil properties at the soil depths of 0-20 cm in tea plantation.
Wang, “Fractal dimension of red soil particle and relationship with environmental factors in Xingguo County, China,” Transactions of the CSAE, vol .23, no. 12, pp.76-79, 2007

Forging processes are widely used for producing parts of excellent mechanical properties with minimum waste of material.
Using FEM it is possible to study at the same time the influence of several technological factors [5], especially those ones like strain hardening that usually cannot be easily introduced in analytical conventional methods.
Methodology Many factors can affect the required energy in this process.
In order to evaluate the effect of strain hardening, the material of the workpiece has been modeled considering two material behaviors in the plastic region: a Rigid Perfectly Plastic-RPP material and a Strain Hardened-SH one, whose main properties are gathered in Table 1.
Material properties for two types of material Rigid Perfectly Plastic (RPP) Strain Hardened (SH) Flow Stress (GPa) 0.7 0.7 3.7 Plastic Strain 0.0 0.0 10.0 Both forging load and contact pressure distributions are calculated assuming a rigid perfectly plastic material and additionally, a strain hardened one.

High level of the vibration and voice would influence the safety, reliability, flying qualities and any other factors which are related the performance of the helicopter.
System Man Machine Environment Fig.1 The structure diagram of MMES Man Factor, which is the main in the production activities, is also the best one.
In addition to some psychological factors and physiological factors, man is also affected by basic quality and cultural back ground himself, just like gender, age, length of service, educational background, etc.
During the running of the machinery and equipment, the component could operate in different mechanical movement.
This would combine the investors' judgments about location, price and timing for properties a, b, c, and d into overall priorities for each property. 4.