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Online since: February 2011
Authors: Chao Zheng, Yong Tian Wang, Zong De Liu, Li Ping Zhao
EDS results of the area scanning to (a) the bright area and (b) the dark area in the same vision of the SEM micrograph
It is obvious in the Fig. 2 that bright herringbone grains, which might be the eutectic formed by a variety of substances, distribute in the dark matrix.
So we infer that the bright area is composed of a large number of Mo5Si3 phase and a small amount of Mo(Si,Al)2 phase, scarcely any NiAl phase.
Wedge-shaped pits, shaped by the erosion particles embedding into the surface, can be observed in the Fig. 6(b) and Fig. 6(c), and a large number of lip-shaped flanges are uniformly distributed on the eroded surface, accompanied by scratches left by the cutting wear, but without large size fracture.
It has been observed in the microstructure of the cladding layer that bright grains contain a lot of Mo5Si3 phase and a small amount of Mo(Si,Al)2 phase distribute on the dark matrix whose main component is the NiAl phase.
So we infer that the bright area is composed of a large number of Mo5Si3 phase and a small amount of Mo(Si,Al)2 phase, scarcely any NiAl phase.
Wedge-shaped pits, shaped by the erosion particles embedding into the surface, can be observed in the Fig. 6(b) and Fig. 6(c), and a large number of lip-shaped flanges are uniformly distributed on the eroded surface, accompanied by scratches left by the cutting wear, but without large size fracture.
It has been observed in the microstructure of the cladding layer that bright grains contain a lot of Mo5Si3 phase and a small amount of Mo(Si,Al)2 phase distribute on the dark matrix whose main component is the NiAl phase.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Wen Wang, Wei Li, Fan Bin Li
Compared to diesel oil, its cetane number is higher and the ignition delay is shorter. when a diesel engine fueled with DME, it needs no combustion-supporting measures.
In order to improve the durability of pure DME, a number of domestic and foreign oil companies and research institutions have started to pay attention to DME lubrication additives.
These scratches may be resulted from the abrasive grains formed by cavitations exist in the sliding surfaces and causing the three-body abrasive wear.
The detached metal particles are abrasive grains which will cause abrasive wear on plunger surface.
In order to improve the durability of pure DME, a number of domestic and foreign oil companies and research institutions have started to pay attention to DME lubrication additives.
These scratches may be resulted from the abrasive grains formed by cavitations exist in the sliding surfaces and causing the three-body abrasive wear.
The detached metal particles are abrasive grains which will cause abrasive wear on plunger surface.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Jing Li, Feng Du, Qiang Li, Jin Kai Xu, Hua Dong Yu
The “chain of mountains” is composed of many “hill and canyon”, and the “hill” and the “canyon” are made up of tiny grains, forming the micro-sized tiny grains and micro-sized “hill or canyon” hierarchical structure.
With the anodizing time increasing, the number of “hill” increases and number of the “canyon” decreases.
With the anodizing time increasing, the number of “hill” increases and number of the “canyon” decreases.
Online since: September 2018
Authors: Ryben R. Kazaryan, Vitaly A. Khvan
The recommended size limit for grains of sand is not more than 3 mm from the content of grains of 0-1 mm within 60-80%;
- Acidic ash from the burning of brown coal, and collected in electrostatic precipitators (OST 21-60; CH 277-80).
The output of the entire range of reinforced products at CIS plants, as a rule, is provided through the use of a significant number of individual forms of different sizes.
The number of types and sizes of panels for the construction of a series of residential houses or public buildings is up to 100 pieces and the weight of the harness is 750-800 tons of metal.
In Minsk, Moscow, in other regions of Russia, as well as in the Baltic States, a number of high-rise buildings were built, including a complex of apartment houses in Moscow along the street Mosfilmovskaya and the building of the British Embassy.
The number of silos is chosen depending on the distance from the power plant, suppliers of materials and modes.
The output of the entire range of reinforced products at CIS plants, as a rule, is provided through the use of a significant number of individual forms of different sizes.
The number of types and sizes of panels for the construction of a series of residential houses or public buildings is up to 100 pieces and the weight of the harness is 750-800 tons of metal.
In Minsk, Moscow, in other regions of Russia, as well as in the Baltic States, a number of high-rise buildings were built, including a complex of apartment houses in Moscow along the street Mosfilmovskaya and the building of the British Embassy.
The number of silos is chosen depending on the distance from the power plant, suppliers of materials and modes.
Online since: June 2010
Authors: Matteo Leoni, Paolo Scardi, D. Dodoo-Arhin
The increasing
performance of LPA methods must be paralleled by the upmost care in collecting high statistical
quality data, with a sufficiently large number of peak profiles to properly support the reliability of a
detailed LPA.
Results are summarized in Fig. 3a-b, where the Goodness of Fit (GoF), defined as sum of squared weighted difference between data and model intensity, divided by the degrees of freedom (Number of data - Number of model parameters) [14], is shown as a function of the different crystallite shapes used in the modelling, for powder patterns with three different quality levels.
TEM also shows that grains are single nanocrystals, with irregular shapes not too far from an average spherical shape: mean diameters are 20.9 nm by TEM and 20.1 nm by the present analysis (PM2K-WPPM).
As shown in Fig. 4c, the GoF of the modelling with spheres is lower that for the other shapes, the difference being once again larger the lower the number of polyhedral faces.
Using synchrotron radiation is of course beneficial to improve counting statistics, but is also important because data can be collected with higher energy X-rays, leading to a considerable increase in the number of observed reflections.
Results are summarized in Fig. 3a-b, where the Goodness of Fit (GoF), defined as sum of squared weighted difference between data and model intensity, divided by the degrees of freedom (Number of data - Number of model parameters) [14], is shown as a function of the different crystallite shapes used in the modelling, for powder patterns with three different quality levels.
TEM also shows that grains are single nanocrystals, with irregular shapes not too far from an average spherical shape: mean diameters are 20.9 nm by TEM and 20.1 nm by the present analysis (PM2K-WPPM).
As shown in Fig. 4c, the GoF of the modelling with spheres is lower that for the other shapes, the difference being once again larger the lower the number of polyhedral faces.
Using synchrotron radiation is of course beneficial to improve counting statistics, but is also important because data can be collected with higher energy X-rays, leading to a considerable increase in the number of observed reflections.
Online since: August 2022
Authors: Viktoriya Pasternak, Lyudmila Samchuk, Artem Ruban, Oleksandr Chernenko, Nataliia Morkovska
To the study of the physical and mechanical properties of structurally heterogeneous materials is at one time engaged a fairly large number of researchers [15, 16].
Structure of inhomogeneous materials samples An important parameter is the coordination number heterogeneous materials, the number of contacts of particles heterogeneous materials that allows evaluating the quality of materials structure and serves as an anchor point in the construction of approximating dependencies of physical characteristics on porosity.
The outer layer has a normal structure and mainly consists of grains of a larger shape of 15-18 mm.
The proposed packaging process a spherical particles is finished when three conditions a basic are fulfilled: 1) considerable number of spherical particles (packed particles) is reached; 2) container (bunker) is filled completely; 3) at the request by the user.
With the proposed algorithm of work of particles heterogeneous materials a number of back fillings using a described computer model was made.
Structure of inhomogeneous materials samples An important parameter is the coordination number heterogeneous materials, the number of contacts of particles heterogeneous materials that allows evaluating the quality of materials structure and serves as an anchor point in the construction of approximating dependencies of physical characteristics on porosity.
The outer layer has a normal structure and mainly consists of grains of a larger shape of 15-18 mm.
The proposed packaging process a spherical particles is finished when three conditions a basic are fulfilled: 1) considerable number of spherical particles (packed particles) is reached; 2) container (bunker) is filled completely; 3) at the request by the user.
With the proposed algorithm of work of particles heterogeneous materials a number of back fillings using a described computer model was made.
Online since: November 2016
Authors: Faik Nuzhet Oktar, Oguzhan Gunduz, Nazmi Ekren, Burak Ozbek, Hasan Gokce, Osman Kilic
If we take a look to SEM images, it is clearly seen that 1300°C samples (Fig 2a-b) were melted to a glassy matrix and very big grains are formed for 5 wt% CIG addition.
The grain formation for Fig. 4 (a-b) is much more evident.
The major pics for DHA-CIG 5 wt% 1000°C and for DHA-CIG10 wt% 1000°C are tricalciumphosphate (JCPDS card number: 98-008-2984) and hydroxyapatite (JCPDS card number: 98-005-2691).
At DHA-CIG10% 1000°C a minor phase seen, which is named as tobermorite is real interesting (JCPDS card number: 980065039).
The major pics for DHA-CIG 5 wt% 1300°C and for DHA-CIG 10 wt% 1300°C are tricalciumphosphate (JCPDS card number: 98-008-2984) and disosium hexabarium disilicate (bis (orthosilicate) (JCPDS card number: 980020641).
The grain formation for Fig. 4 (a-b) is much more evident.
The major pics for DHA-CIG 5 wt% 1000°C and for DHA-CIG10 wt% 1000°C are tricalciumphosphate (JCPDS card number: 98-008-2984) and hydroxyapatite (JCPDS card number: 98-005-2691).
At DHA-CIG10% 1000°C a minor phase seen, which is named as tobermorite is real interesting (JCPDS card number: 980065039).
The major pics for DHA-CIG 5 wt% 1300°C and for DHA-CIG 10 wt% 1300°C are tricalciumphosphate (JCPDS card number: 98-008-2984) and disosium hexabarium disilicate (bis (orthosilicate) (JCPDS card number: 980020641).
Online since: April 2012
Authors: E.A. Pastukhov, A.B. Shubin, K. Y. Shunyaev, E. A. Popova
The specimens taken from top and middle parts of the ingot show the grain structure of matrix (grain size 100-300 mm) and also the presence of the intermetallic phase Al3Sc as the precipitates of the size 50-300 nm.
Studying of the metallographic specimens taken from the bottom part of the alloy ingot show a number of peculiarities.
At the same time a significant number of ellipsoidal or round (in the section) shape particles appeared in the specimen surface.
Y coordinate demonstrates the number of elements spectra counts integrated during the scan procedure.
The EDX data shown above correspond to this atomic number contrast (BSE detector).
Studying of the metallographic specimens taken from the bottom part of the alloy ingot show a number of peculiarities.
At the same time a significant number of ellipsoidal or round (in the section) shape particles appeared in the specimen surface.
Y coordinate demonstrates the number of elements spectra counts integrated during the scan procedure.
The EDX data shown above correspond to this atomic number contrast (BSE detector).
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Ning Li, Chu Wang Su, Quan Ping Yuan, Jing Sun, Wen Jing Fang
Table1 The dimension and numbers of samples
Processing project
Planning Sanding Shaping drilling Mortising Crosscutting
Dimension: thick×wide×long(mm)
Numbers of samples [piece]
19×102×910 19×102×305 19×76×305 19×102
30 30 60
Testing and Evaluation Method.
At the same time, weighted-average number was determined by process's impact on product quality, weighted-average number of planning, sanding, cross cutting and shaping was 2 and weighted-average number of mortising and drilling was 1.
The comprehensive marks were the sum of the test marks of per process multiplied by the corresponding weighted-average number, full marks 50 points.
According to the criteria ASTM D1666-87, a hollow chisel was used to process the connected square mortise and it was as far as possible to make two edges of mortise perpendicular to the wood grain and other two edges parallel to the wood grain in processing.
At the same time, weighted-average number was determined by process's impact on product quality, weighted-average number of planning, sanding, cross cutting and shaping was 2 and weighted-average number of mortising and drilling was 1.
The comprehensive marks were the sum of the test marks of per process multiplied by the corresponding weighted-average number, full marks 50 points.
According to the criteria ASTM D1666-87, a hollow chisel was used to process the connected square mortise and it was as far as possible to make two edges of mortise perpendicular to the wood grain and other two edges parallel to the wood grain in processing.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Kenji Nakai, Takashi Yokoyama
The effect of strain rate up to nearly = 102/s on the tensile stress-strain properties of isotropic fine-grained nuclear-grade graphite IG-11 was investigated.
Basic Properties of Graphite and Specimen Geometry Isotropic fine-grained nuclear-grade graphite IG-11 for use in the HTGR provided by Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd. was tested at room temperature.
A number of the tensile SHB tests were carried out on the graphite specimens at room temperature.
In an attempt to further quantify the rate dependence of the tensile properties, we perform a least-squares fit to a number of data points in Figs. 7 to 9 using the following three relations: (6) (7) (8) where each n is a strain-rate sensitivity parameter, and s0, e0 and U0 are material parameters.
Basic Properties of Graphite and Specimen Geometry Isotropic fine-grained nuclear-grade graphite IG-11 for use in the HTGR provided by Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd. was tested at room temperature.
A number of the tensile SHB tests were carried out on the graphite specimens at room temperature.
In an attempt to further quantify the rate dependence of the tensile properties, we perform a least-squares fit to a number of data points in Figs. 7 to 9 using the following three relations: (6) (7) (8) where each n is a strain-rate sensitivity parameter, and s0, e0 and U0 are material parameters.