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Online since: November 2010
Authors: Pietro G. Bocca, Davide Masera, Paola Antonaci
In the present research, the effect of cyclic compressive loads of different
amplitudes on clay bricks was studied, with two main objective of acquiring specific data on the
fatigue behaviour in relation to the static behaviour and studying the fatigue effect on the possible
change of the elastic properties of the bricks.
With increasing number of cycles the load versus displacement curve shows a deterioration consisting of a reduction in its inclination relative to the displacement axis; this process comes to a limit, i.e., failure occurs, when this curve intersects the descending branch of the static test (Fig. 1b).
For a higher intensity compressive cycles, brick fatigue life can be evaluated by means of a failure criterion based on the observation of the static and cyclic curves, as already ascertained by several authors for concrete: a very good applicability was found for bricks, despite it was observed a medium variability of the data.
With increasing number of cycles the load versus displacement curve shows a deterioration consisting of a reduction in its inclination relative to the displacement axis; this process comes to a limit, i.e., failure occurs, when this curve intersects the descending branch of the static test (Fig. 1b).
For a higher intensity compressive cycles, brick fatigue life can be evaluated by means of a failure criterion based on the observation of the static and cyclic curves, as already ascertained by several authors for concrete: a very good applicability was found for bricks, despite it was observed a medium variability of the data.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Ai Qiang Pan, Xiang Qi Kong, You Hua Jiang
Based on this, the two sets of data will be establishedinto the model.
Table 1,Electric parametersof different time B2 B4 B6 B8 B10 B12 B14 B18 Capacitor 1 U 401.9 401.9 401.9 405.9 405.9 405.9 402.3 402.3 402.3 I 3.251 9.948 6.608 0.687 8.196 8.862 1.412 2.737 0 P 322.1 1083.8 896.4 19.2 707.7 2035.0 308.7 326.7 0 Q -1266 -3841 -2520 -277 -3250 -2956 -476 -1052 0 2 U 141.3 141.3 141.3 142.6 142.6 142.6 141.6 141.6 141.6 I 1.107 4.083 2.354 0.234 3.721 2.708 0.517 0.526 38.302 P 37.4 175.5 150.6 -0.5 180.3 128.3 44.3 21.7 -0.5 Q -151.3 -547.4 -298.6 -32.9 -500.4 -364.2 -58.1 -70.9 -5426 Through the above-mentioned data, table 2 shows the results in the testing time for different situations of the system harmonic impedance: Table 2, Under the different running system impedance 11 times System impedance Z Capacitor to exit 1.89-5.19i Capacitor input 0.15-1.53i The capacityof # 2 main transformeris 20 MVA, impedance is 10.02%.
Calculate the reduction to 10 kV side bases of wave impedance is 0.501i, according to the harmonic impedance of ideally calculation method, the harmonic impedance of 11 times is about5.5i.
Table 1,Electric parametersof different time B2 B4 B6 B8 B10 B12 B14 B18 Capacitor 1 U 401.9 401.9 401.9 405.9 405.9 405.9 402.3 402.3 402.3 I 3.251 9.948 6.608 0.687 8.196 8.862 1.412 2.737 0 P 322.1 1083.8 896.4 19.2 707.7 2035.0 308.7 326.7 0 Q -1266 -3841 -2520 -277 -3250 -2956 -476 -1052 0 2 U 141.3 141.3 141.3 142.6 142.6 142.6 141.6 141.6 141.6 I 1.107 4.083 2.354 0.234 3.721 2.708 0.517 0.526 38.302 P 37.4 175.5 150.6 -0.5 180.3 128.3 44.3 21.7 -0.5 Q -151.3 -547.4 -298.6 -32.9 -500.4 -364.2 -58.1 -70.9 -5426 Through the above-mentioned data, table 2 shows the results in the testing time for different situations of the system harmonic impedance: Table 2, Under the different running system impedance 11 times System impedance Z Capacitor to exit 1.89-5.19i Capacitor input 0.15-1.53i The capacityof # 2 main transformeris 20 MVA, impedance is 10.02%.
Calculate the reduction to 10 kV side bases of wave impedance is 0.501i, according to the harmonic impedance of ideally calculation method, the harmonic impedance of 11 times is about5.5i.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Yu Zhao, Feng Du, Zhi Wei Guan
The device receives the data of vehicle early warning sensors and driver control status of the sensor, and predict the possibility of collision accidents.
(6)calculate rotational speed of motor output == (2-6) Calculated from the design parameters and data, we choose to use a DC permanent magnet motor with gear.
Table 2 Parameters of motor model 45ZY24-25-D/60JB7.5 specified voltage specified current zero load rotational speed specified torque specified rotational speed specified capacity reduction-gear ratio Design and development of intelligent preloaded safety belt controller The hardware is mainly divided into power circuit, minimum system circuit, BDM program download circuit, motor-drive circuit, clutch drive circuit, and each sensor interface circuits.The following describes the controller individual circuit.
(6)calculate rotational speed of motor output == (2-6) Calculated from the design parameters and data, we choose to use a DC permanent magnet motor with gear.
Table 2 Parameters of motor model 45ZY24-25-D/60JB7.5 specified voltage specified current zero load rotational speed specified torque specified rotational speed specified capacity reduction-gear ratio Design and development of intelligent preloaded safety belt controller The hardware is mainly divided into power circuit, minimum system circuit, BDM program download circuit, motor-drive circuit, clutch drive circuit, and each sensor interface circuits.The following describes the controller individual circuit.
Online since: April 2015
Authors: Nikolay Lazarovski, Paskal Novakov, Anastas Yangyozov
The distribution of velocities and pressures at each consecutive solution acts for input data and boundary condition for the next higher calculus stages.
Comparison of numerical results with experimental data The graphically presented results on Fig. 6 allow to get an idea for the P12-90/18 turbine condition before and after reconstruction.
Changes in the mass flow, caused by the opening of the nozzle valves and increasing the rate of partial affects reflect on velocity reduction and heat drops in the Fig. 4.
Worn-out seals lead to reduction of the efficiency of the turbine that at the cost of a higher inlet mass flow achieves corresponding output power at the required steam consumption for consumers.
This reduction of useful flow is accompanied by low velocities in the blade apparatus of the nozzle and rotating blades.
Comparison of numerical results with experimental data The graphically presented results on Fig. 6 allow to get an idea for the P12-90/18 turbine condition before and after reconstruction.
Changes in the mass flow, caused by the opening of the nozzle valves and increasing the rate of partial affects reflect on velocity reduction and heat drops in the Fig. 4.
Worn-out seals lead to reduction of the efficiency of the turbine that at the cost of a higher inlet mass flow achieves corresponding output power at the required steam consumption for consumers.
This reduction of useful flow is accompanied by low velocities in the blade apparatus of the nozzle and rotating blades.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Michael Grigoriev, Ludmila Babich
The objectives of this work are to assess the state of the use of silver nanoparticles in medicine and update the need of scientific research in this area based on the current data of domestic and foreign literature.
In recent years, among the variety of methods for production of nanoparticles the chemical synthesis methods based on the reduction of metal ions to atoms form a large group.
It results from the photochemical reduction of silver ions in the skin thickness.
Thus, literature data indisputably demonstrate that the use of silver in the form of nanoparticles allows for manifold lowering of silver concentration, while retaining all of its bactericidal properties.
The transition from the ionic form of silver to its metallic nanoclusters allows for reduction of the toxic effects on cellular structures of the body, while maintaining a sufficiently high antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microflora.
In recent years, among the variety of methods for production of nanoparticles the chemical synthesis methods based on the reduction of metal ions to atoms form a large group.
It results from the photochemical reduction of silver ions in the skin thickness.
Thus, literature data indisputably demonstrate that the use of silver in the form of nanoparticles allows for manifold lowering of silver concentration, while retaining all of its bactericidal properties.
The transition from the ionic form of silver to its metallic nanoclusters allows for reduction of the toxic effects on cellular structures of the body, while maintaining a sufficiently high antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microflora.
Online since: July 2016
Authors: Katya Brunelli, Mariano Angelo Zanini, Carlo Pellegrino, Flora Faleschini
Inventory data are taken from [11], and then emissions related to each industrial process accounting in the system are calculated according to [12-14].
In addition, Table 6 shows the emissions reduction related to the production of 1ton of EAF slag with respect to the production of 1ton of NA.
Emissions reduction for the production of 1ton of EAF slag with respect to 1ton of NA.
Cement emissions data are taken from [16], and they are then multiplied by the quantity of cement inside each mixes, and summed to the emissions due to respective quantities of NA and EAF slag in each concrete.
Hence, a difference of 50 kg/m3 of cement in the mix determines a reduction of about 14% of CO2 emissions.
In addition, Table 6 shows the emissions reduction related to the production of 1ton of EAF slag with respect to the production of 1ton of NA.
Emissions reduction for the production of 1ton of EAF slag with respect to 1ton of NA.
Cement emissions data are taken from [16], and they are then multiplied by the quantity of cement inside each mixes, and summed to the emissions due to respective quantities of NA and EAF slag in each concrete.
Hence, a difference of 50 kg/m3 of cement in the mix determines a reduction of about 14% of CO2 emissions.
Online since: March 2025
Authors: Peter Groche, Viktor Arne, Philipp Schumann
The evaluation of the resulting process performance and wear behavior is based on optical microscopy and process data.
Fig. 5 shows the experimental data of the blanking tests performed.
The running-in phase is due to a thermal expansion of the cutting punch and the associated reduction of the clearance.
These initially develop insidiously during the process, but gradually lead to a reduction in the effective clearance.
· The texturing of the lateral surface with a surface coverage of 18 % contributed to a reduction in the required withdraw force of 38 %
Fig. 5 shows the experimental data of the blanking tests performed.
The running-in phase is due to a thermal expansion of the cutting punch and the associated reduction of the clearance.
These initially develop insidiously during the process, but gradually lead to a reduction in the effective clearance.
· The texturing of the lateral surface with a surface coverage of 18 % contributed to a reduction in the required withdraw force of 38 %
Online since: October 2006
Authors: J. Stelling, Joachim Deubener, Stefan Mangold, Joerg Goettlicher, Harald Behrens
The results indicate that sulphur diffusivity in high temperature
melts is close to the Eyring diffusivity calculated from viscosity data.
Other reasons for adding sulphate to glass melts are (i) oxidation of heterovalent cations (e. g. 2 Fe2+ + ½ O2 → 2 Fe3+ + O 2- ), (ii) reduction of surface tension of primary silicate melts and therefore improvement of the initial melting process, and (iii) production of stained glasses.
A lot of previous studies provided data about solubility of sulphur in silicate melts of technical interest [e. g. 4,5,6].
The position of the S-Kα peak was similar for the sulphite and the sulphate, but at significant lower energy for the sulphide, consistent with data from literature [12].
Other reasons for adding sulphate to glass melts are (i) oxidation of heterovalent cations (e. g. 2 Fe2+ + ½ O2 → 2 Fe3+ + O 2- ), (ii) reduction of surface tension of primary silicate melts and therefore improvement of the initial melting process, and (iii) production of stained glasses.
A lot of previous studies provided data about solubility of sulphur in silicate melts of technical interest [e. g. 4,5,6].
The position of the S-Kα peak was similar for the sulphite and the sulphate, but at significant lower energy for the sulphide, consistent with data from literature [12].
Online since: July 2012
Authors: L. Yan, J.S. Zhao
The data at different cyanide concentrations, different temperature and different oxygen pressure are obtained.
However, platinum and palladium can not be dissolved in the cyanide solutions at room temperature and atomspheric press, although it is possible from their thermodynamic data[2,3], To elevte reaction temperature and/or under oxygen pressure, the dissolution reaction kinetics of cyanides with platinum and palladium can be improved.
The activation energy data shows the dissolution of platinum involves electrochemical process.
The dissolution mechanism involves an electrochemical process in which the anodic reaction is platinum oxidation while the cathodic reaction is oxygen reduction
However, platinum and palladium can not be dissolved in the cyanide solutions at room temperature and atomspheric press, although it is possible from their thermodynamic data[2,3], To elevte reaction temperature and/or under oxygen pressure, the dissolution reaction kinetics of cyanides with platinum and palladium can be improved.
The activation energy data shows the dissolution of platinum involves electrochemical process.
The dissolution mechanism involves an electrochemical process in which the anodic reaction is platinum oxidation while the cathodic reaction is oxygen reduction
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Amin Eisazadeh, Khairul Anuar Kassim, Hadi Nur
Based on the collected data, it was found that the pH of stabilized soils showed a tendency for reaching soil’s natural pH with increasing curing time.
The data were obtained in triplicate, and the average pH was reported.
At 4 months time interval, a reduction in the CECp values of both mix designs was observed.
Also it was found that the CEC results were consistent with the compressive strength data obtained for lime mix designs.
The data were obtained in triplicate, and the average pH was reported.
At 4 months time interval, a reduction in the CECp values of both mix designs was observed.
Also it was found that the CEC results were consistent with the compressive strength data obtained for lime mix designs.