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Online since: May 2012
Authors: Yi Wang, Jian Jun Hu, Quan Guo Zhang, Xue Hua Zhou
In this paper, poly β-hydroxy butyrate (PHB) was extracted from H2 production fermentation residue of photosynthetic bacteria, the best separation and extracted conditions was optimized, the interaction of different factors affecting the extraction rate of the PHB was analyzed, the molecular weight and the purity of extracted PHB were also studied.
PHB had general chemical synthesis plastic properties, also had some particular properties such as biodegradation and biocompatibility which was considered as a new alternative polymer plastic products to eliminate "white pollution" and obtained widespread attention[3]. besides, PHB also had piezoelectric, optical activity and utilization of renewable materials during the process of biosynthesis can be used in many fields such as medicine, pharmacy, agriculture, electronics, and have broad application prospects [4-6].
In this paper, the separation and extraction conditions of PHB from H2 production fermentation residue by photosynthetic bacteria were studied, the correlation of different factors affecting PHB extraction rate was analyzed, and the extracted PHB were also identified with GC analysis.
PHB extraction also affected by cell concentration, Extracted pH, extraction temperature and other factors, based on the single-factor test result take cell concentration, Extracted pH and extraction temperature as independent variables, take PHB extraction rate as response value, using response surface analysis to research different factors on the impact of PHB extraction rate, study the relationship between the different factors, and optimize the best extraction conditions, the results shows in Figure 4 - Figure 6[15,16].
In summary, among the three factors of extracted pH value, cell concentration and extracted temperature affecting the extraction rate of PHB extracted pH value was the most significant factors influence the PHB extraction rate, cell concentration followed ,and extracted temperature was the weakest factors, which has the same conclusion with the three factors p-valu.
PHB had general chemical synthesis plastic properties, also had some particular properties such as biodegradation and biocompatibility which was considered as a new alternative polymer plastic products to eliminate "white pollution" and obtained widespread attention[3]. besides, PHB also had piezoelectric, optical activity and utilization of renewable materials during the process of biosynthesis can be used in many fields such as medicine, pharmacy, agriculture, electronics, and have broad application prospects [4-6].
In this paper, the separation and extraction conditions of PHB from H2 production fermentation residue by photosynthetic bacteria were studied, the correlation of different factors affecting PHB extraction rate was analyzed, and the extracted PHB were also identified with GC analysis.
PHB extraction also affected by cell concentration, Extracted pH, extraction temperature and other factors, based on the single-factor test result take cell concentration, Extracted pH and extraction temperature as independent variables, take PHB extraction rate as response value, using response surface analysis to research different factors on the impact of PHB extraction rate, study the relationship between the different factors, and optimize the best extraction conditions, the results shows in Figure 4 - Figure 6[15,16].
In summary, among the three factors of extracted pH value, cell concentration and extracted temperature affecting the extraction rate of PHB extracted pH value was the most significant factors influence the PHB extraction rate, cell concentration followed ,and extracted temperature was the weakest factors, which has the same conclusion with the three factors p-valu.
Online since: February 2022
Authors: Ksenia N. Gavarieva, Renat V. Gavariev
The main factors affecting the quality of the castings obtained are indicated.
In the case of an increase in the solidification rate, the mechanical properties of the castings are improved due to a finer structure and higher density.
Casting magnesium alloys in chill mold in comparison with casting in single sand molds provides castings with better mechanical properties, as well as with a cleaner outer surface [5].
Heat treatment provides an increase in mechanical properties and a reduction in the level of internal stresses.
Hamid, Mechanical properties and machinability of magnesium alloy AZ31 and AZ91 – A comparative review, IOP Conf.
In the case of an increase in the solidification rate, the mechanical properties of the castings are improved due to a finer structure and higher density.
Casting magnesium alloys in chill mold in comparison with casting in single sand molds provides castings with better mechanical properties, as well as with a cleaner outer surface [5].
Heat treatment provides an increase in mechanical properties and a reduction in the level of internal stresses.
Hamid, Mechanical properties and machinability of magnesium alloy AZ31 and AZ91 – A comparative review, IOP Conf.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Gong Ting Zhang, Shu Hui Deng, Zhi Wang Zheng, Qin Chun Liu
Characterization of microstructure, texture and properties of a continuously-annealed cold-rolled high strength structural steel
Zhang Gongting1,a, Deng Shuhui1,b, Zheng Zhiwang1,c, Liu Qingchun1,d
1Pangang Group Research Institute Co., Ltd., State Key Laboratory of Vanadium and Titanium Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Panzhihua, Sichuan Province, China
agongtingzhang@163.com, bshuhuideng@126.com, czhiwangzheng@126.com, dqingchunliu@163.com
Key words: cold-rolled, high strength, structural steel, texture, application
Abstracts: The mechanical properties, optical microstructure and textures of a continuously-annealed cold-rolled high strength structural steel were evaluated.
The annealing temperature was one of the most important factors to achieve the high strength and good formability.
Table 2 Mechanical property Direction Rp0.2[MPa] Rm[MPa] A50[%] n r △r 90° 322.6 470.8 36 0.17 1.4 0.175 1.3 -0.3 45° 327.2 468.5 36.5 0.18 1.4 0° 344 489.8 34 0.17 0.8 The typical optical microstructure of the experimental steel is shown in Fig.1.
In this experimental steel, there is no Titanium or Niobium added, and the Phosphorus is very low, which is greatly affecting the texture evolution by forming carbonitrides and the Phosphorus segregation [3].
Therefore, the mainly affected factors of the recrystallization textures are the initial cold rolled textures and the AlN particles in the annealing process.
The annealing temperature was one of the most important factors to achieve the high strength and good formability.
Table 2 Mechanical property Direction Rp0.2[MPa] Rm[MPa] A50[%] n r △r 90° 322.6 470.8 36 0.17 1.4 0.175 1.3 -0.3 45° 327.2 468.5 36.5 0.18 1.4 0° 344 489.8 34 0.17 0.8 The typical optical microstructure of the experimental steel is shown in Fig.1.
In this experimental steel, there is no Titanium or Niobium added, and the Phosphorus is very low, which is greatly affecting the texture evolution by forming carbonitrides and the Phosphorus segregation [3].
Therefore, the mainly affected factors of the recrystallization textures are the initial cold rolled textures and the AlN particles in the annealing process.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Bei Qing Huang, Xian Fu Wei, Dan Dan Wang, Shuang Liu, Jiang Hao Liu
Dispersity is one of the most important factors that affect the covering property of ink.
In order to obtain the black water-based ink with high covering property, study the dispersity of ink, by changing the variety of both pigments and resins, the ratio of pigment to resin, the variety and the content of dispersants to prepare based ink, by testing the diameter size to explore the factors that affect the dispersion of black water-based covering ink.
It has been proved that the interaction between different pigments and resins is the key factor that influences the dispersion property of the black water-based covering ink.
The result also proved that different kind of dispersants and content are also important factors that influence the dispersion property.
Dispersity is one of the most important factors that affect the covering quality of water-based covering ink, the better dispersity, the better covering quality.
In order to obtain the black water-based ink with high covering property, study the dispersity of ink, by changing the variety of both pigments and resins, the ratio of pigment to resin, the variety and the content of dispersants to prepare based ink, by testing the diameter size to explore the factors that affect the dispersion of black water-based covering ink.
It has been proved that the interaction between different pigments and resins is the key factor that influences the dispersion property of the black water-based covering ink.
The result also proved that different kind of dispersants and content are also important factors that influence the dispersion property.
Dispersity is one of the most important factors that affect the covering quality of water-based covering ink, the better dispersity, the better covering quality.
Online since: July 2024
Authors: Mohammed Ali Nasser, Haidar Akram Hussein, Wisam Imad Imad Adnan
The mechanical properties of the selected wire drawing product with different speeds.
Results and Discussions The experimental work classified the results into two branches; the first is concentrated on the main practical factors affecting on the die strength, which consist of wire drawing load, temperature, and die wear rate.
The second branch concentrated on the factors affecting the product's (wire) surface hardness and mechanical strength.
Factors Influencing the Die Strength 7.1 Wire Drawing Load Drawing load is an important factor which is a mechanical load applied on the die during the wire drawing process.
The wire drawing temperature relation with the combination of with and without lubrication for different wire alignment angles and speeds. 7.3 Wire Drawing Wear Rate The wear rate action on the die is an important factor can be affecting the die properties and the product dimensions.
Results and Discussions The experimental work classified the results into two branches; the first is concentrated on the main practical factors affecting on the die strength, which consist of wire drawing load, temperature, and die wear rate.
The second branch concentrated on the factors affecting the product's (wire) surface hardness and mechanical strength.
Factors Influencing the Die Strength 7.1 Wire Drawing Load Drawing load is an important factor which is a mechanical load applied on the die during the wire drawing process.
The wire drawing temperature relation with the combination of with and without lubrication for different wire alignment angles and speeds. 7.3 Wire Drawing Wear Rate The wear rate action on the die is an important factor can be affecting the die properties and the product dimensions.
Online since: April 2010
Authors: Bin Deng, Ning Wen, Long Quan Shao, Qi Liu
Surface Microhardness and Flexural Strength of Colored Zirconia
Liu Qi1,a, Shao Longquan1,b,Wen Ning2 and Deng Bin2
1
Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515,
China
2
Stomatology Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
a
170453760@qq.com, bshaolongquan@yaoo.com.cn
Keywords: Dental ceramics, Zirconia, Mechanical properties.
The mechanical properties were tested after sintering at 1500°C.
Prolonged the shading time lowered the biaxial flexural strength of zirconia ceramic, but shading time did no effect on surface microhardness. The most important optical properties of zirconia ceramics are opaque, translucent and the color matching with veneering porcelain.
Table 1 were the mechanical properties of zirconia under different shading conditions and the results of the analysis of variance showed that the difference between the means of the surface microhardness after coloring was not statistically significant (P> 0.05).
The characteristic of phase transformation toughening made the materials to have good mechanical properties [4,5], in which some important indicators included flexural strength and microhardness.
The mechanical properties were tested after sintering at 1500°C.
Prolonged the shading time lowered the biaxial flexural strength of zirconia ceramic, but shading time did no effect on surface microhardness. The most important optical properties of zirconia ceramics are opaque, translucent and the color matching with veneering porcelain.
Table 1 were the mechanical properties of zirconia under different shading conditions and the results of the analysis of variance showed that the difference between the means of the surface microhardness after coloring was not statistically significant (P> 0.05).
The characteristic of phase transformation toughening made the materials to have good mechanical properties [4,5], in which some important indicators included flexural strength and microhardness.
Online since: April 2012
Authors: Bin Jiang, Zhe Li, Hong Xu Xu, Ming Jia Zhou
The 1Cr18Ni9Ti Materials Performance
Mechanical properties.
Mechanical properties is known as the performance of materials under the action of force.
Mechanical properties are some important indicators of the actual design, processing, and also the impact of the finite element simulation accuracy of the key factors.
These factors accelerated the spread of the tool wear.
On the basis of physical properties and mechanical property of 1Cr18Ni9Ti, we took into the relationship of the coefficient of linear expansion and the coefficient of heat conductivity with temperature changes, and simulated the cutting process.
Mechanical properties is known as the performance of materials under the action of force.
Mechanical properties are some important indicators of the actual design, processing, and also the impact of the finite element simulation accuracy of the key factors.
These factors accelerated the spread of the tool wear.
On the basis of physical properties and mechanical property of 1Cr18Ni9Ti, we took into the relationship of the coefficient of linear expansion and the coefficient of heat conductivity with temperature changes, and simulated the cutting process.
Online since: June 2017
Authors: M. Ramadan, Khalid M. Hafez, N. Fathy, Mona Ismail
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Welded Dual Phase and Mild Steel Joints for Automotive Applications
K.M.
The microstructure gives these steels unique mechanical properties, such as high work hardening when compared to those of conventional steels [4, 5].
These thermal cycles produce a microstructure in the weld zone with constituents which affect the mechanical properties of the high-strength steels [8].
The chemical composition and mechanical properties of these steels are summarized in Table 1.
Dong, Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welded DP600 steel joints, Mater.
The microstructure gives these steels unique mechanical properties, such as high work hardening when compared to those of conventional steels [4, 5].
These thermal cycles produce a microstructure in the weld zone with constituents which affect the mechanical properties of the high-strength steels [8].
The chemical composition and mechanical properties of these steels are summarized in Table 1.
Dong, Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welded DP600 steel joints, Mater.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Rong Chang Li, Ai Xia He
In order to improve the static performance of high speed machining center spindle box, using ANSYS software static performance analysis, static analysis of finite element method to the complex structure of the spindle box, draw a box structure under the force load and temperature load stiffness theoretical values, emphasizing the factors affecting temperature deformation, provides a basis to improve and control the strength and stiffness of the spindle box, as well as box optimization design of the design constraints.
Define the element type and material properties In ANSYS analysis unit for low-level unit, in order to improve the quality of the unit, to improve the calculation accuracy and can control the density of the mesh, thus reducing the size of the calculation to improve the computational speed.
Table 1 Parameters of materials (unit: N/m/Kg/k) Poisson's ratio Modulus of elasticity E Density Specific heat C Coefficient of thermal expansion Thermal conductivity 0.27 1.3×1011 7340 520 10.5 50 Impose constraints on the load and Solving Boundary conditions, constraints and load constraint is to control the degree of freedom of the element nodes, the determination of the constraint boundary is the prerequisite and basis of the finite element analysis, the same constraints as the working conditions in order to accurately reflect the analysis of the mechanical properties of the object.
Mechanical Design Handbook shows that the wall thickness of the box and Ligament thickness and layout is an important factor affecting the cabinet stiffness analysis, using continuous stiffener can significantly increase the tensional stiffness of discontinuous edge stiffener tensional rigidity little effect.
The precise effect of the stiffness factors on spindle box appropriate optimization and improvement, to improve the overall stiffness values to meet the Geometric accuracy of machines, positioning accuracy and precision of displacement, the further improvement of the model provides a reliable data.
Define the element type and material properties In ANSYS analysis unit for low-level unit, in order to improve the quality of the unit, to improve the calculation accuracy and can control the density of the mesh, thus reducing the size of the calculation to improve the computational speed.
Table 1 Parameters of materials (unit: N/m/Kg/k) Poisson's ratio Modulus of elasticity E Density Specific heat C Coefficient of thermal expansion Thermal conductivity 0.27 1.3×1011 7340 520 10.5 50 Impose constraints on the load and Solving Boundary conditions, constraints and load constraint is to control the degree of freedom of the element nodes, the determination of the constraint boundary is the prerequisite and basis of the finite element analysis, the same constraints as the working conditions in order to accurately reflect the analysis of the mechanical properties of the object.
Mechanical Design Handbook shows that the wall thickness of the box and Ligament thickness and layout is an important factor affecting the cabinet stiffness analysis, using continuous stiffener can significantly increase the tensional stiffness of discontinuous edge stiffener tensional rigidity little effect.
The precise effect of the stiffness factors on spindle box appropriate optimization and improvement, to improve the overall stiffness values to meet the Geometric accuracy of machines, positioning accuracy and precision of displacement, the further improvement of the model provides a reliable data.
Online since: April 2012
Authors: Jian Qiao Li, Shi Chao Fan, Xiu Juan Li, Hao Li, San Hu Du
One of the most important factors is shear property, to simulate lunar soil behavior under the rover wheels.
Therefore the shear property is one of the most important factors to evaluate its mechanical behavior.
Ahad investigated coarse-grained soil properties by experimental direct shear tests.
The results indicated that the modification of sample gradation has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of coarse-grained soils [3].
Affecting factors analysis and parameter correction of direct shear test .
Therefore the shear property is one of the most important factors to evaluate its mechanical behavior.
Ahad investigated coarse-grained soil properties by experimental direct shear tests.
The results indicated that the modification of sample gradation has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of coarse-grained soils [3].
Affecting factors analysis and parameter correction of direct shear test .