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The high-density ammonium polyvanadate was prepared by means of fine-grained ammonium polyvanadate (APV) produced in vanadium plant.
So far, APV is mostly used to smelting ferrovanadium alloys, which requires the density of APV above 0.6g/cm3 and the denser the better [3], but a number of low-density APV is unfavorable to smelt V-Fe alloys.
[3] Yi Peng, Qianwen Li, Qingrong Xia, Xiaojiang Wang, Mingfu Peng, Shengyou Zhu, Ronghua Liao, Publication Number CN1594106A, in Chinese

This means that the small number of large cracks were initiated and propagated selectively in the TNHT specimen.
The thermal fatigue test variables such as heating rate, cooling time, maximum and minimum temperature, and number of cycles were fully computer controlled.
The austenitizing treatment gave a nominal austenite grain size of about ASTM 10.
This means that the small numbers of large cracks were initiated and propagated selectively.
In the view point of the total crack number, the crack initiation was reduced to the extent of half after SN and TNHT treated specimen.

Some raw materials spheres were formulated, assigned numbers form 1-1 to 1-11(shown in Fig.1), for examining the effect of electroplating sludge content on the appearance quality of burnt ceramsite at high temperature.
The content of electroplating sludge was raised from 0% to 100% in the raw spheres with a serial numbers from 1-1 to 1-11.
It was displayed that ceramsite size was decreased with the increase of the content of the electroplating sludge in raw spheres, especially beginning from a serial number of 1-6 raw sphere.
A grain size and grade of the ceramsite production were unfavourable to control.
Summary The influence of the incorporation of the electroplating sludge on the looking quality and mouldability of making grain of the ceramsite calcined by the composite materials of electroplating sludge and seabeach sludge were investigated in the paper.

There are papers indicating that due to twins’ intersection process, associated with the Mode 2 of crystal deformation, many regions of high-angle boundaries may emerge leading to significant changes inside the grains of the polycrystalline materials [1-5].
The density of twin clusters was calculated by measuring the number of twin clusters of one family perpendicularly to their habitus plane on a distance of 100 μm.
Considering that at the distance of 100 μm a certain number of twin clusters exists in a material, and correspondingly the same number of separating matrix bands, so the average thickness of a twin cluster is 100 μm divided by twice the number of measured twin clusters.
Only then, the appearing structures lead to refinement of the original crystal, which may be understood in terms of a single grain decomposition, into smaller portions of separate orientations.

The structure, ionic composition and the number of active sites were key factors determining the properties of electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors [1, 3].
SEM images of C-Ni, Fe2O3-Ni, and Fe2O3-C-Ni reveal the morphology evolution of nanospheres and nanowires into composite surface layer with numerous small grain protrusion (Fig. 1).
It can be seen that a large number of carbon particles grow on nickel foam in C-Ni (Fig. 1a).
Figure 1 SEM images of (a) C-Ni, (b) Fe2O3-Ni, (C) Fe2O3-C-Ni, and (d) foam Ni a d c b Compared with Fe2O3-Ni and C-Ni, surface layer of Fe2O3-C-Ni product by two precursor mainly present a dense film with numerous edge serrated steps and small grain protrusion (Fig. 1c).
In EDS mapping result (Fig. 3c), in addition to a large number of highly dispersed amorphous particles, a small number of near-spherical granular particles with diameters of 80-100 nm can be obviously observed.

As showed in Fig. 1, the number and size of droplets on coating surface decreased when N2 partial pressure increased from 0 Pa to 0.6 Pa.
It has been shown that melting point of target materials affects the number and size of Fig. 1.
But when N2 partial pressure got to 1.2Pa, there were an increase in number and size of droplets and some part of the coating peeled off (Fig. 2).
It can be observed that the number and size of the droplets on the coating surface decreased with increasing pulse bias voltage.
The crystalline grain of oxide was fine and oxide scales were thin for both (Ti,Al)N and (Ti,Al,Y)N in less than 10 hours at this temperature.

This function is generally determined by measuring a powder sample of a crystal grain (diameter ~10–20 µm).
The X-ray entering the SSD generate an electron and a positive-hole pair proportional to the incoming energy, and is changed into an electronic pulse with amplitude proportional to the number of electron/hole pairs.
This number statistically fluctuates as a characteristic of the SSD.
And this study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 21560074 and 24560083.
Weertman, Dislocations, grain size and planar faults in nanostructured copper determined by high resolution X-ray diffraction and a new procedure of peak profile analysis, Acta.

Introduction The great interest to nanotechnologies is explained by the possibility of changing significantly and sometimes imparting new in principle properties to known materials at their transition into the nanocrystalline state (about 100 nm); such effects are more distinctly expressed when the grain size is smaller than 10 nm [1].
When the grain size is changed by four orders of magnitude by cold rolling, the hardness of nanostructured maraging steel is 5 GPa (510 kg/mm2), which is 12 times as that of high-strength carbon steel [5].
It is also known that nitriding in a confined space has a number of advantages over other advanced methods for saturation with nitrogen [6, 9].
At the treatment in the confined space under the air low pressure (about 0.1 MPa), it is possible to significantly change the surface properties of a number of nanostructured stainless maraging steels and ferrite iron-chromium alloys [13 – 15]; the interaction of the atmospheric nitrogen with the surface results in the formation of nitrogen austenite (gN).
It has become the basis for the method for high-temperature nitriding with the air nitrogen which can be considered as nanotechnology due to a number of its characteristics (the use of ultralow pressure of atmospheric air with narrow ranges of the appearance of the effect of higher nitrogen solubility in the high-temperature g-phase) [12].

The separation zone in a multilayer coating also influences the size of the grain, limiting it to the thickness of a single layer [5].
The introduction of the separation zone to a multilayer coating and the reduction of the grain size are the factors that cause disintegration of the structure and have a significant influence on the increase in the dispersion of propagations of microcracks.
This stems from the possibility to control the properties of the entire multilayer coating (through the number, thickness, and the order in which the layers are deposited).
The adhesion test confirmed that, together with the increasing number of layers in the PVD coating, the fracture toughness resistance significantly improves.
At the case of the AlCrTiNmultinano5 coating, characterized by the largest number of layers, the parameter determining the resistance to fracture toughness of the coating was the highest.

Environmental geological conditions Zhengzhou one section(stake number SH201+000 ~SH210+773), which is located in the transition zone that is between down lands and hills.
The distribution of skate number is from SH210+100 to SH210+773.
Fig.1 The silicate rock of the cementation Fig.2 The glutenite of the calcium cementation, calcium-mud cementation Calcium-mud sand stone, mud-calcium sand stone, which is made from calcium and mud cementation, it is light brown-orange with fine grained texture.
Calcium, calcium-silicate sand stone，which is steel-gray grayish with the middle fine-grained texture.
The distribution of stake number is from SH210+630 to SH210+730.