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Online since: June 2011
Authors: Zhong Ping Luo, Jun De Yang, Yuan Wang, Fan Lu
It is recommended to count the number of diamond particles on the matrix surface and get the embedding strength of diamond by calculation.
The author suggested calculating the embedding strength of the diamond via counting the number of diamond on the surface of the matrix.
The principle is shown as below: The number of diamond per centimeter square on the matrix surface is calculated using the following equation: (1) Where N——the number of diamond particle per centimeter square, particle/cm2 c——concentration of the diamond Β——Coefficient of diamond exposed, d/p is the exposing height of the diamond.
D——the diameter of the diamond G——Calculation of the coefficient of diamond grain size.For the 50/60,60/70 SMD diamond,g=0.76; for the 70/80,80/100SMD diamond, g=0.59.
Online since: June 2008
Authors: Hau Chung Man, C.T. Kwok, F.T. Cheng, K.I. Leong
Unfortunately, the high carbon and alloy contents in the tool steels inherently give rise to carbide segregation at grain boundaries and a coarse-grained microstructure by conventional processing, such as casting, hot working, and cooling [1].
While there have been a number of studies on LSM in modifying the microstructure of tool steels [20-27,30,32,33], there have been very few studies on improvement of both hardness and corrosion resistance.
Hardness was high because austenite was strengthened by solid solution, dislocation and smaller grain size
But the hardness of LM-440C is still high because austenite is strengthened by solid solution, dislocations and small grain size [25].
The importance of Mo is similar to that in the pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) of the stainless steels: PREN = [Cr] + 3.3[Mo] + 16[N] This is a reasonable relationship reported by many researchers [52,53].
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Le Jiang Guo, Han Rong Lu, Feng Zheng
The system uses a cycle access way for data inquiry and the polling cycle is closely related to the radio number.
Based on the number of residential users (density), GSM can achieve frequency reuse in different residence communities.
GPRS data transmission network composition Since GPRS has a wide available band, it is easy to meet the number of channels required by setting up public networks.
In Fig.2, here are a large number of existing data radio networks which need to be transformed into the GPRS data transmission network.
A part of the projects that have a large number of terminals, high security and reliability requirements could use GPRS network access.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Wei Su, Gang Chen, Bo Li, Hong Liang Zhang
,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510080,China) (2Southeast University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210096 China) 1,a13926035246@126.com 2,bsixuefy@163.com 1,cJxhwsu@163.com 1,dgzmeihualu@163,com Key words: coal; mineral; amount of ash; ashing Law Abstract: This article makes analysis of the composition of the coaly mineral, makes the research on the evolution characteristics of the coaly mineral in the course of combustion, the ashing behavior of the mineral and the generation mechanism of the particle, points out the relationship between the grain size of the particle in the coal and the amount of ash, and finally indicates that the actual amount of ash from the boiler is less than the theoretical amount of ash by test.
Size of typical particle External minerals crushing Gasifying, nucleating Condensing, agglomerating External minerals Inherent minerals Coke crushing Coke expanding Coke crushing Inherent minerals agglomerating Coal particles Figure 1 Diagram of Generation Mechanism of Flying Ash during Combustion Process of Pulverized Coal As can be seen from the diagram, as the volatile parts overflow and the coke particles combust during combustion of pulverized coal, the flying ash is generated mainly by the following three ways: 3.1 The minerals and inorganic elements in coal gasify during combustion process and form many fine ash particles out of condensation; 3.2 The inherent minerals in coal forms larger ash particles by aggregating, also a part of the inherent mineral is crushed into smaller ash particles; 3.3 When external minerals suffer from rapid heating, the stress of gas precipitated out of heat shock and decomposition crush some external minerals, thereby generating a number
Submicron particles are mainly composed of regular spherical particles, and there are also a small number of irregular carbonaceous particles gathering together to form chain-like particles, while most of the super-micron particles are spherical with relatively smooth surface.
Relationship between Theoretical Ash Amount and Actual Ash Amount As large number of ultra-supercritical units is put into operation, people have paid attention to the actual ash amount and found there often are some differences between the actual ash amount and the theoretical ash amount.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Mohd Halim Irwan Ibrahim, Mohd Hilmi Othman, S.R. Masrol, N.M. Main, Sharmiza Adnan, Esa Faizal, Muhammad Safiuddin Syah Amir Shah
OPMFS pulp recorded value of 6.42 s, 353 ml, 76.5 %, 36.7 % and 9.35 for drainage time, freeness, moisture content, screened yield percentage and Kappa number respectively.
Then, the fibres were sieved by using chip classifier machine to remove the smallest pollen grain of the spikes.
KAPPA number of the pulp was determined according to TAPPI T236 “Kappa Number of Pulp.
Characteristics of OPMFS fibre pulp Characteristics OPMFS Soda-AQ pulp Drainage time(s) 6.42 Freeness(ml) 353.00 Moisture content (%) 76.5 Screen yield (%) 36.7 Kappa number 9.35 Physical characteristics.
Tensile index, tearing index, bursting index and folding number shows value of 39.10 N.m/g, 8.32 mN.m2/g, 3.15 kPa.m2/g and 38.50 respectively.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Yi Pan, Liang Jun Liu
Especially when large numbers of samples are in the observation, manual interpretation method is often difficult to achieve the desired objectives.
This part of work is also done by DSP; Finally, the captured target image displays on the LCD screen together with its number and size.
The erosion process may separate different target stuck together and remove small grain noise.
After the completion of the expansion and erosion, we seek centroid with the obtained results and the number of nuclear tracks in the image is determined according to the number of centroid.
Size of track points marked with number 5 and 7 is significant different with one of the original image.
Online since: June 2017
Authors: A.V. Kirichek, V.V. Ivanov, N.S. Dontsov
The conclusion is confirmed by the results of the experiment on coating precipitation in the course of time period (Fig.1), and also by Nernst equation: (1) where – equilibrium electrode potential; – standard electrode potential; R – universal gas constant; – absolute temperature; – number of electrodes participating in the reaction; – Faraday number (96493 C/mol electrons); – activity of metal ions in solution).
Under the germ of zinc coating should be considered a small crystal which consists of the minimum number of atoms essential for the formation of one elementary crystal cell [4, 5].
In such a way, for the rate of three-dimensional germ formation we obtain an equation: (6) Through this equation there is established a tie between the number germs formed and overstrain.
As a result metal is coated uniformly, crystals are closed forming a continuous fine-grained coating.
By experimental investigations it is shown that the formation of great number of micro/nano-crystals ensures a more complete overlapping of basic metal.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Bang Biao Huang, Ji Zhen Zhu, Hai Long Wu, Bing Zhang Huang, Xi Qiang Li, Qiong Qiong Guan
According to the proportion of different divided into group ABCD4 ( n = 5 ), number and proportion as shown in table 4.
Tab.4 The number of brick with different ratio Ratio number A(sludge 10%) B(sludge 20%) C(sludge 30%) D(sludge 40%) Specimen number A1 B1 C1 D1 A2 B2 C2 D2 A3 B3 C3 D3 A4 B4 C4 D4 A5 B5 C5 D5 Measure upper and lower surface area of every specimen at first,flat the test piece slowly in the test machine central platen.
Tab.5 Compressive strength of brick with different ratio Group Number Weight /Kg Length and Width /mm×mm Pressure Value /KN Compressive Strength.
Organic matter full combustion make brick surface and internal formed a large number of micro hole, resulting in grain skeleton structure compressive performance degradation.
Online since: January 2005
Authors: Aleksandra A. Bozhko, T. Sato, Toshiyuki Takagi, M. Shupegin, T. Takeno
The model allows to calculate the average number of localized states in the intercluster potential barriers from the value of the power exponent p from (1) [4]: ( )       +++−= 2 1 2 921 2 1 pppn (2) The dependences of in all metal-containing films studied are shown in Fig.2.
In the diamond-like nanocomposite films containing W and Nb, the average number of the localized states decreases from 2.6 and 1.8 to 1.4 and 1.2 in W- and Nb-containing films respectively as metal concentration increases from 12 up to around 20-25 at.%.
The Cr-containing diamond-like nanocomposite films are characterized by the weak increase of the average number of the localized states around 1.2 over the entire Cr concentration range studied.
For W- and Nb-containing films the I(D)/I(G) peaks intensity ratio increases sharply from 0.8 to 1.5 as metal concentration exceeds 20-25 at.%, where the minimum of the average number of the localized states takes place in these films (Fig.2).
The W- and Nb- containing films are characterized by a similar metal concentration behavior of the average number of the localized states described by the well expressed minimum at 23-25 at. % of metal.
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Yan Rong Wang, Liang Shi, Da Sheng Wei
Furthermore, Finite Element (FE) analysis based on the experimental configuration was carried out to obtain the stress distribution on the contact surface, crack initiation location and number of cycles to the fretting fatigue failure were predicted based on the FE results.
In this paper, a circular arc dovetail attachment was designed and the tension fatigue experiment was also performed, the experiment results show a great fatigue performance and can satisfy the operating requirement for turbofan engine, furthermore, FE analysis of the experiment specimen was carried out, and the number of cycles to fretting fatigue was predicted based on the FE results as well.
TC4 alloy is a medium strength alloy which consists of α- and β-phase with a mean grain size of 10μm, the mechanical properties of this alloy are given in Table1.
For the convenience of analysing the variation of contact state at the edge of contact region under cyclic loads, the number of nodes is ordered regularly as shown in Fig. 2 (b).
The initial contact point on the tenon contact surface is node 8716, the node number increases from external to internal side of the contact region, a contact length of 128μm is concerned in this study based on the results of sliding distance from FE analysis.
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