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Online since: June 2014
Authors: Maria do Carmo de Andrade Nono, Rodrigo de Matos Oliveira, Fernanda Cristina Reis
Introduction
The monitoring of environmental parameters is a process of data collection and studies and monitors systematically and continuously the variables concerned, in order to identify and to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the conditions of natural resources at a certain moment, as well as their trend along the time [1,2].
It is worthy to point out that in the decreasing of relative humidity down to 50 %, the removal of water molecules resulting from physical adsorption promotes a reduction in the values of capacitance.
Comparison of the Reduction of Metal Oxide Surfaces: TiO2-anatase, TiO2-rutile and SnO2 rutile.
It is worthy to point out that in the decreasing of relative humidity down to 50 %, the removal of water molecules resulting from physical adsorption promotes a reduction in the values of capacitance.
Comparison of the Reduction of Metal Oxide Surfaces: TiO2-anatase, TiO2-rutile and SnO2 rutile.
Online since: April 2015
Authors: Valeriy N. Borikov, Edvard I. Tsimbalist, Pavel F. Baranov
Dependences of shunts voltage of the calibrator current
It is follows from data in Table 2 that measurement results are independent of calibrator current (shunt has linear transfer ratio), and the relative error of measurement of the real component of the shunt resistance at 1 kHz for different values of the current does not exceed 2 %.
Muravyov, “Multiplicative method for reduction of bias in indirect digital measurement result,” Metrology and Measurement Systems, vol. 18, no. 3, 2011, pp. 481–490
Yamada, “Uncertainty Evaluations of an AC Shunt Calibration System With a Load Effect Reduction Circuit,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 60, Issue 7, 2011, pp. 2286–2291.
Muravyov, “Multiplicative method for reduction of bias in indirect digital measurement result,” Metrology and Measurement Systems, vol. 18, no. 3, 2011, pp. 481–490
Yamada, “Uncertainty Evaluations of an AC Shunt Calibration System With a Load Effect Reduction Circuit,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 60, Issue 7, 2011, pp. 2286–2291.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Lorella Ceschini, A. Jarfors, A. Morri, A. Morri, F. Rotundo, S. Seifeddine, S. Toschi
A significant reduction of hardness and tensile strength already occurs in this heat treated alloys at temperature equal to or higher than 200 °C, therefore limiting their application fields, mainly in the case of automotive and motorbike engine components.
However, a complete set of data on the C355 high temperature tensile behaviour and on the influence of SDAS on its mechanical properties is lacking.
Among the testing conditions, room temperature is the most sensitive to SDAS reduction, with a UTS increase of 10% from 327 MPa (C-class) to 361 (F-class).
However, a complete set of data on the C355 high temperature tensile behaviour and on the influence of SDAS on its mechanical properties is lacking.
Among the testing conditions, room temperature is the most sensitive to SDAS reduction, with a UTS increase of 10% from 327 MPa (C-class) to 361 (F-class).
Online since: July 2014
Authors: M. Edwin, S. Joseph Sekhar
Modelling & Simulation of a proposed system
Fig. 1 Available and required quantities of energy sources for cooling in seashore regions
To utilize the successful diffusion of the available energy sources in remote areas, data pertaining to the available energy sources, livestock population and cooling requirement are collected from the local Govt. and non-Govt. agencies, etc., the average values are plotted in Fig.1, which shows that the available quantity of energy from each resource is less than the energy required.
All the observations show that the maximum usage of biomass energy source significantly influences the overall COP, whereas gobar gas plays the major role in the reduction of capital cost, running cost and payback period.
M’Sirdi, Optimization of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) Using PSO for cost reduction, Energy Procedia. 42 (2013) 318–327
All the observations show that the maximum usage of biomass energy source significantly influences the overall COP, whereas gobar gas plays the major role in the reduction of capital cost, running cost and payback period.
M’Sirdi, Optimization of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) Using PSO for cost reduction, Energy Procedia. 42 (2013) 318–327
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Vlad Andrei Ciubotariu, Aurelian Albut
The financial global situation and rigorous environmental regulations are forcing the automotive industries to have as major objective vehicle weight reduction simultaneously with production cost reduction in order to be able to stay on a very competitive market [1].
The data obtained during simulations was loaded in postprocessor software for measurements.
The data obtained during simulations was loaded in postprocessor software for measurements.
Online since: August 2015
Authors: T.P. Singh, Vaibhav Gaikwad, Vijaykumar S. Jatti
Gil et al. [3] conducted a research on wear reduction of aluminum electrode by cryogenic treatment in electro discharge machine, deep cryogenic treatment is the process of enhancing the material properties in which material is subjected to -1850C.
They used response surface method for the optimization of the data.
Cryo-treatment of workpiece results in reduction of the thermal vibrations, grain boundaries and refines the grain structure.
They used response surface method for the optimization of the data.
Cryo-treatment of workpiece results in reduction of the thermal vibrations, grain boundaries and refines the grain structure.
Online since: March 2012
Authors: Sirirat Wacharawichanant, Paramaporn Sahapaibounkit, Unchana Saeueng
The results found that the Young’s modulus and tensile strength showed improvement but the elongation at break showed a reduction.
Five specimens were prepared for each test and the data reported were the average of five tests.
This behavior can probably be attributed to the filler-filler interaction, which results in agglomerates and induces local stress concentration in the nanocomposites, which leads to a reduction in the clay aspect ratio, thereby reducing the contact surface between the clay and the polymer matrix [9].
Five specimens were prepared for each test and the data reported were the average of five tests.
This behavior can probably be attributed to the filler-filler interaction, which results in agglomerates and induces local stress concentration in the nanocomposites, which leads to a reduction in the clay aspect ratio, thereby reducing the contact surface between the clay and the polymer matrix [9].
Online since: April 2012
Authors: M. Senthil Kumar, Senthil Kumar, P. Senthil Kumar
The additional benefits are green cover to waste land, support to agriculture and rural economy, lower dependence on imported crude oil and reduction in air pollution.[2]
Biodiesel is a long-chain fatty acid made through a chemical process called esterification, vegetable oil or animal fats reacts with methanol in the presence of catalyst KaOH or NaOH and yields mono alkyl esters (biodiesel) and glycerin. [1-4].
The performance data of all blends in terms of thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and emission parameters CO2, CO, NOx, HC and smoke density were then analyzed from the graphs. 1) Engine 6) Air flow direction 2) Dynamometer 7) Exhaust 3) Fuel Tanks 8) Smoke 4) Three way valve 9) Exhaust flow 5) Air filter Fig.1: Experimental Setup Results and Discussions The results obtained in the experimental investigations for different ratio of biodiesel blends are compared to diesel, and are presented.
In general B20 and B40 kapok biodiesel blends improves the overall performance of the engine with a significant reduction in emissions.
The performance data of all blends in terms of thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and emission parameters CO2, CO, NOx, HC and smoke density were then analyzed from the graphs. 1) Engine 6) Air flow direction 2) Dynamometer 7) Exhaust 3) Fuel Tanks 8) Smoke 4) Three way valve 9) Exhaust flow 5) Air filter Fig.1: Experimental Setup Results and Discussions The results obtained in the experimental investigations for different ratio of biodiesel blends are compared to diesel, and are presented.
In general B20 and B40 kapok biodiesel blends improves the overall performance of the engine with a significant reduction in emissions.
Online since: June 2008
Authors: J.P. Tu, C.F. Hong, R.L. Li, X.H. Zheng
The friction coefficient was monitored continuously during the experiments
by a linear variable displacement transducer and recorded on a data acquisition computer attached
to the tribometer.
Gaussian fit of Raman spectra showed gradual reduction of ID/IG ratio from 1.40 for pure a-C film to 0.83 for films with 83.2 at.% of Ti ultimately.
Quite stable friction coefficients of these multilayers were detected during the tests, due to the friction reduction performance of this interlayer.
Gaussian fit of Raman spectra showed gradual reduction of ID/IG ratio from 1.40 for pure a-C film to 0.83 for films with 83.2 at.% of Ti ultimately.
Quite stable friction coefficients of these multilayers were detected during the tests, due to the friction reduction performance of this interlayer.
Online since: November 2007
Authors: Muthu Pannirselvam, R.K. Gupta, S.N. Bhattacharya, Robert A. Shanks
X-ray data on the treated clay sample was collected on a Bruker AXS D8 Advance
Wide Angle X-Ray Diffraction instrument at 45 kV and 30mA.
The reduction in weight % is clearly visible from the figure 5.
TGA results showed that the reduction in weight % of reacted poly(ethylene glycol) (Figure 5).
The reduction in weight % is clearly visible from the figure 5.
TGA results showed that the reduction in weight % of reacted poly(ethylene glycol) (Figure 5).