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Influence of Gel Aging Time on the Properties of Various Silica Aerogels Synthesized From Water Glass Sevil Yücel1, a *, Burcu Karakuzu1,b, Pınar Terzioğlu2,c and Tülay Merve Temel1,d 1 Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Davutpasa Campus, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Muğla, Turkey ayuce.sevil@gmail.com, bburcukarakuzu@hotmail.com, cpinarterzioglu86@gmail.com, dtlymrvtml@gmail.com Keywords: aerogels, aging process, ambient drying, water glass.
The aerogels contained porous network structure with different surface areas (388.9-729.9 m2 g-1).
The samples were aged for 1 hour and 24 hours at 50°C in order to strengthen the gel structure.
Anbarasan, Synthesis of hierarchical structured MgO by sol-gel method, Nano Bulletin, 2(1) (2013) 130106/1-130106/5

The effects of Eosin-Y solution concentration on the performance of inverted bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on a blend of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEHPPV) as donor and (6,6)-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as acceptor with a structure of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/Eosin-Y coated ZnO nanorod arrays/MEHPPV:PCBM/Ag were investigated.
One approach to solve this problem is to fabricate an inverted structure solar cell whereby electrode Al is replaced by less air sensitive high work function metals such as Au and Ag [4].
ZnO nano-ridge structure and its aapplication in inverted polymer solar cell.
Materials Chemistry and Physics 114 (2009) 920-925

Synthesis and Properties of Thermotropic Main-Chain Type Liquid Crystalline Polyurethanes Containing Biphenyl Mesogen Jong-Baek Lee1, a and Byung-Won Kang 2,b 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-714, Korea 2 Department of Chemistry, Dong-Eui University, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-714, Korea a email; jblee@deu.ac.kr, bemail; bwkang@deu.ac.kr Keywords: Liquid crystalline polyurethane, Biphenyl unit, Polyaddition reaction, diisocyanate, 4,4'-Bis(8-hydroxyoctoxy)biphenyl.
The structure of the monomer and the corresponding polymers were confirmed using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopic methods.
Introduction Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers containing well-defined aromatic structures represent high performance characteristics with regard to mechanical and thermal properties [1,2], which not only encourage us to study aromatic moieties incorporated thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers but also allow these kinds of polymers to be introduced into the commercial markets.
In contrast, for 1,4-PDI/BP8, a singlet NH proton peak was observed at 8.90 ppm because of a symmetric molecular structure.

The electrochemical behavior and microstructure of chromium-free passivation film on Galvanized steel Yupeng Li1,a, Lin Wu1,b and Min Liu1,c 1Applied Chemistry Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan China 430081 aliyupeng2722752@163.com, bwulin65@163.com, cmaryliu-1110@163.com Keywords: Corrosion resistance; Galvanized steel; Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Abstract.
The framework structure of the film was cross-linked by resin emulsion and organic silane.
The result showed the main frame structure was composed of acrylic resin emulsion and LJ organic silane, and the film has been closely integrated with the matrix galvanized steel.
It was shown that the chromium-free passivation film can improve the corrosion resistance of matrix zinc plate, which was quite chromate sample. 2) Microcosmic feature of chromium-free passivation film was also observed by AFM and SEM.The results demonstrated that the diameter of solid granule with molybdate was uniformly suspended in the structure of chromium-free passivation film,and the film was formed by the resin emulsion and LJ organic silane, which was also a uniform leveling organic film.

The results demonstrate that the catalytic structure, activity, and methanol selectivity was strongly affected by the synthesis parameters.
The higher surface area 510 m2/g and pore volume 0.87 cm3/g of the SBA-15 contributed by the formation of highly ordered pores with hexagonal structure (Fig. 6A).
The induced changes via adjusting the impregnation medium to different level of acidity and basicity influenced the structure and properties of the active sites resulted in significant difference in the methanol selectivity as well as catalytic activity above a pH of 7.
Wang, "Mesoporous carbon-supported Cu/ZnO for methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide," Australian Journal of Chemistry, 67 (2014) 907-914
Cao, "Structural evolution and catalytic properties of nanostructured Cu/ZrO2 catalysts prepared by oxalate gel-coprecipitation technique," The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 111 (2007)16549-16557

The chemical structures of six biflavones were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data as amentoflavone (1), robustaflavone 7,4',7''-o-trimethyl ether (2), heveaflavone (3), podocarpusflavone A (4), robustaflavone 4',4'''-o-dimethyl ether (5) and robustaflavone 4'-o-methyl ether (6).
Column chromatography was carried out on silica gel (100 to 200 mesh and 200 to 300 mesh) and GF254 Silica gel that were products of Qingdao Marine Chemistry Co.
The chemical structures of the flavonoids found in the ethyl acetate extract of Selaginella doederleinii Hieron Acknowledgements The financial support provided by a Tianjin University of Science & Technology grant (No.0001001) was greatly appreciated.

Preparation and Characterization of Electroless Silver Plating on PAN fiber with chelating agent of APTES/MPTES Peng-peng Xu1,2,a, Dan Yu1,2*,b, Chao Wang1,2,c, Ting-ting Wang1,2,d, Wei Wang1,2,e (1.College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, ShangHai 201620;2.Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile,Ministry of Education,ShangHai 201620, China) axjp0602@163.com,byudan@dhu.edu.cn,cchwang9828@yahoo.cn,dwangtingting2011@163.com, ewangv@dhu.edu.cn Key words: PAN; APTES;MPTES;chelating; eletroless silver plating Abstract: Modified by silane coupling agents APTES and MPTES, PAN fiber was provided with multi-chelating-group on it.
The molecule structure, morphology and thermal stability were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and therm-gravimetric (TG) analysis.
Crystal structure of PET fabric modified with 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane and silver plating PET fabric was characterized by Rigaku D/MAX-2550 PC X-ray diffraction.

Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and 29Si cross-polarization (CP) magic-angle spinning (MAS)-NMR spectroscopy were used to assess the structure of the hybrid membranes.
We examined the structure of the hybrid membranes using by FT-IR spectroscopy and CP MAS-NMR.Materials and Methods Materials preparation Chitosan (Aldrich®, high molecular weight) was dissolved in 0.25 M acetic acid aqueous solution to attain a concentration of 2 (w/v) %.
Scherer, Sol-Gel Science, The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing (Academic Press, San Diego, 1989).

Hemicellulose-based porous hydrogel for methylene blue adsorption Zhanxin Jing, Xiao-Feng Sun*, Qing Ye, Yajing Li Department of Chemistry, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’ an, China, E-mail address: jingzhan_xin@126.com, xf001sn@nwpu.edu.cn Keywords:porous hydrogels, adsorption, cationic dye, mechanism Abstract.
The surface morphology of sample was analyzed by SEM, finding that it had the porous structure.
Absorbent used in this experiment owned a porous structure, which provides the path for dye diffusion into absorbent.

There are different approaches known to synthesize undoped LiNbO3 nanocrystals, including sol–gel [9, 10], soft- chemistry [11], pulsed laser deposition [2], RF Sputtering [12] and hydrothermal methods [13, 14].
The crystalline structure of LiNbO3 nanostructures is found to have hexagonal structure.
d = h λ / 2 sin θ (4) where h is a Miller index for hexagonal structure as given in Table 1.
As expected, the structure is more crystalline as the molarity concentration increases.
Varela, Effect of magnesium on structure and properties of LiNbO3 prepared from polymeric precursors, Ceramics International. 28 (2002) 265 - 270