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DSC - curves of the Ti50Ni25Cu25 alloy: а) initial RQ b) after HPT However, after this crystallization the structure is rather heterogeneous and it contains very coarse grains of the austenite phase [8].
TEM investigations revealed also that the annealing of the SPD processed amorphous Ti50Ni25Cu25 alloy at 450 °C leads to a formation of a rather homogeneous nanocrystalline structure [9] in contrast to the annealing of the non-deformed amorphous alloy, where a formation of micrometer-sized grains has been observed [8].
The increase in the number of nucleuses of crystallization, their uniform distribution leads to a formation of a more homogeneous nanocrystalline structure.

The precipitates were located along the grain boundary in the diffusion zone.
It is expected that the grain boundary is the major diffusion path for nitrogen diffusion.
But, the experimental results carried out at 550°C for 5 hours, shows decrease of the number of precipitates compared with the treatment of 500°C.

Compared with a number of ceramic reinforcements, TiB has advantages on thermochemical stability, mechanical properties and thermal expansion.
So, fine-grained matrix microstructure formed in the composite coatings.
The cooling rate of coatings increases with the increasing of scanning speed and the uniformly distributed TiB formed firstly accelerate nucleation, which beneficial to form equiaxed grains.

The solubility of gypsum is conversely proportional to the particle size, its solubility increases linearly with increasing mesh number [7].
The grain size distribution curves of gypseous soil is shown in Fig. 1.
The grain size distribution of the soil.

(0002) a no RUB (0002) b single surface RUB (0002) c reverse surface RUB Fig. 4 X-ray analysis of the two RUB routes (1010) (1011) (1011) (1011) (1010) (1010) Table 4 Result of 4 3 16(4 2 )L × orthogonal experiment Serial number Levels E（mm） A B C D E F G 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2.98 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 5.80 3 1 3 3 3 2 1 2 5.00 4 1 4 4 4 2 2 1 5.17 5 2 1 2 3 2 2 1 3.40 6 2 2 1 4 2 1 2 4.80 7 2 3 4 1 1 2 2 5.83 8 2 4 3 2 1 1 1 5.46 9 3 1 3 4 1 2 2 3.80 10 3 2 4 3 1 1 1 5.90 11 3 3 1 2 2 2 1 5.70 12 3 4 2 1 2 1 2 5.47 13 4 1 4 2 2 1 2 3.43 14 4 2 3 1 2 2 1 5.03 15 4 3 2 3 1 1 1 6.20 16 4 4 1 4 1 2 2 5.40 Ⅰ 18.95 13.61 18.88 19.31 41.37 39.24 39.84 Ⅱ 19.49 21.53 21.1 20.39 38.00 40.13 39.53 Ⅲ 20.87 22.73 19.29 20.50 Ⅳ 20.06 21.50 20.33 19.17 R 1.11 9.12 2.22 1.33 3.37 0.89 0.31 Mechanical Property.
Before RUB, most grains were not activated because the basal planes were parallel to the axial direction of tensile stress and their Schmid factors were approximately zero due to the very strong basal texture, so the strength is high while formability is poor.
After RUB, grains rotated and (0002) basal texture component was weakened (Fig.3) which led to increase of the Schmid factor of basal-plane slip system which then was easy to start up[9].

Until now, the investigated alloys are ongoing research to resolve, the investigation was carried out to employ rapid quenching by melt spinning to produce Mn–Ni–In Heusler alloys by JLSánchez Llamazares et al [9], and the ribbons of Ni-Mn-In Heusler alloys grain preferential texture.
According to the Hume-Rothery theory [10], electron concentration is from 7.88 to 8.04 because of the valence electron number of Gd , and the crystal structure stability is decreased so that the martensite transformation temperature rised.
Being the new small peaks, the grain boundary second phase increased significantly that can be known the increase of Gd content.It is shown that the martensite is Monoclinic structure with the 10M and the austenite is face-centered cubic structure.The enhance of the magnetic properties is obviously shown because of the addition of Gd , however, the increase in coercivity is not proportional with the Gd content.

Therefore, deformation compatibility between grains is improved.
Meanwhile, the diffusion creep and variation of grain orientations have also an impact on the decrease of flow stress.
The contour numbers indicate the efficiency of power dissipation in percent and the shaded areas represent unstable regions.

Additionally a total of 143 small specimens, exhibiting different orientations, α, relatively to the timber grain (i.e.
Subsequently, each tested sample leads to a set of (σ1,i, σ2,i, σ6,i), with i equal the total number, n, of individual specimen tested.
The two other strengths, X, and Y, are the resulting mean values parallel and perpendicular to the grain, respectively.

Actually, the reduction of fatigue resistance for this used Inconel 600 alloy is closely related to the existence of a large amount of strip-shaped inclusions and poorer cleanliness in grains.
From the microstructures in Fig.5, it can be seen that a large number of strip-shaped inclusions are found.
Under larger magnification in Fig.5b, a great quantity of granular inclusions in the grains is easily observed.

This type of grain was produced for the first time by the firm 3M.
Table 1 Specification of wheels Number 1# 2# 3# Size(mm) Ø400×20×Ø127 Abrasive type SG SG PA Specific pore volume 13.5% 14.4% 13.4% Grit Size #80/100 Table 2 Conditions for grinding tests Machine PROFIMAT MT408 Workpiece speed 30~120mm/min Wheel velocity 30m/s Cooling Mode Emulsified liquid; 5%dilution; 180L/min； Pressure at 1.8MPa Grinding width 10mm Table 3 Parameters of dressing Dresser Wheel velocity (m/s) Workpiece speed（mm/min） Depth（mm） Passes of dressing Single point diamond 30 400 0.05 8 The resistance dynamometer of KISTLER9272 and charge-amplifier of was used to measure grinding forces, while a single-pole thermocouple was utilized to measure grinding temperature in the test.
Grains of SG abrasive characterize perfect abrasiveness owing to the micro-crystalline structure and isotropy of physic-mechanical properties and also the ability of self-ageing proceeding on a micro scale.