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Online since: May 2011
Authors: Yun Guo Yang, Yu Yun Li, Hai Cheng Li, Kai Guo, Ran Du
The cold and heat sources of central air conditioning are mainly air-cooled heat pump, water chiller unit + boiler (oil, gas), water chiller unit + central heating, lithium bromide unit and so on.
The characteristics of the method are:① The data of building energy consumption or major energy systems is from the measurement and field test;② The testers have strong professional knowledge and can correctly describe the using energy system and can correctly judge corresponding relationship between the building area and building energy consumption;③ It can identify or preliminarily determine the investment analysis of the using energy system and efficient system;④ It can only get the approximation of subsystem energy consumption;⑤ the small sample size, the long time, the high cost.
The characteristics of the method are:① Low cost;② The annual dynamic hourly load and the consumption of the air conditioning heating can be given;③ System energy efficiency and investment analysis can be judged;④ Accuracy of the method depends on the performance of the energy consumption simulation software, the input parameters setting, the field surveying, testing , simulation technology and professional knowledge.
The characteristics of the method are:① The data of building energy consumption or major energy systems is from the measurement and field test;② The testers have strong professional knowledge and can correctly describe the using energy system and can correctly judge corresponding relationship between the building area and building energy consumption;③ It can identify or preliminarily determine the investment analysis of the using energy system and efficient system;④ It can only get the approximation of subsystem energy consumption;⑤ the small sample size, the long time, the high cost.
The characteristics of the method are:① Low cost;② The annual dynamic hourly load and the consumption of the air conditioning heating can be given;③ System energy efficiency and investment analysis can be judged;④ Accuracy of the method depends on the performance of the energy consumption simulation software, the input parameters setting, the field surveying, testing , simulation technology and professional knowledge.
Online since: November 2025
Authors: Dmytro Tregubov, Yuliana Hapon, Artem Maiboroda, Vitalii Nuianzin
Tap water was used for cooling, as it could be in practice.
The hydrogen release is due to bubbles on the surface of the water.
It is also necessary to provide for late monitoring for the third-fourth stage at the fire initial stage [22, 23], when combustion products enter the airspace, for the earliest possible involvement of professional firefighting measures.
Taking them into account, standard water-based fire extinguishing agents are not fully suitable for directly stopping the such batteries burning: water jets [24], foams [25, 26], water-based gels [12, 27].
Flaming can be stopped by spraying water, a inhibitor cloud, or non-flammable gas while simultaneously dousing the battery with water taken in excess.
The hydrogen release is due to bubbles on the surface of the water.
It is also necessary to provide for late monitoring for the third-fourth stage at the fire initial stage [22, 23], when combustion products enter the airspace, for the earliest possible involvement of professional firefighting measures.
Taking them into account, standard water-based fire extinguishing agents are not fully suitable for directly stopping the such batteries burning: water jets [24], foams [25, 26], water-based gels [12, 27].
Flaming can be stopped by spraying water, a inhibitor cloud, or non-flammable gas while simultaneously dousing the battery with water taken in excess.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Shang Chao Liu, Gai Feng Xue, Jin Xuan Zhou
This paper studies the competitive adsorption behavior of phenol and Cr6+ on bentonite, solves the non-linear model fitting problem by using the curve fitting software MATLAB professional data, conclude that the competition of surface adsorption model of phenol and six chromium in organicbentonite.
Materials and methods 2.1Materials Experimental water: adding phenol and Cr6+ amount to in ultra pure water preparation, phenol and Cr6+ were analytically pure.
Fig1:Phenol standard curve 2.4 Determination of concentration of Cr6+ Take the 9 50mL colorimetric tube, followed by adding 0, 0.20, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10.00mL chromium standard solution, diluted with water to the mark, adding(1+1) 0.5mL sulfuric acid and 0.5mL 1+1 phosphate, shake.
The 5-10min, in the 540nm wavelength, color plate with 1cm or 3cm ratio, with water as the reference, measure absorbance andblank correction.
Adsorption of acid dye from water onto pristineand acid-activated clays in fixed beds.
Materials and methods 2.1Materials Experimental water: adding phenol and Cr6+ amount to in ultra pure water preparation, phenol and Cr6+ were analytically pure.
Fig1:Phenol standard curve 2.4 Determination of concentration of Cr6+ Take the 9 50mL colorimetric tube, followed by adding 0, 0.20, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10.00mL chromium standard solution, diluted with water to the mark, adding(1+1) 0.5mL sulfuric acid and 0.5mL 1+1 phosphate, shake.
The 5-10min, in the 540nm wavelength, color plate with 1cm or 3cm ratio, with water as the reference, measure absorbance andblank correction.
Adsorption of acid dye from water onto pristineand acid-activated clays in fixed beds.
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Wei Lin Shi, Song Xue, Ru Wang, Jian Rong Zhang
The shallow ground water in the field is divided into pore diving and pore micro-pressure water in terms of bury condition and hydraulic characteristics of ground water.
The sampling spots were arranged in a joint mode by grid distribution and professional examiners.
Estimate for Cr polluted water.
Cr polluted water is mainly concentrated two waste water catchments that contain Cr element.
So far, the two pools filled waster water, and water volume is about 3100m3.
The sampling spots were arranged in a joint mode by grid distribution and professional examiners.
Estimate for Cr polluted water.
Cr polluted water is mainly concentrated two waste water catchments that contain Cr element.
So far, the two pools filled waster water, and water volume is about 3100m3.
Online since: June 2010
Authors: Xiao Bin Zhou, Jian Zhang, Ji Hong Zhou, Bin Wang
Extinguishing
method: Use water spray to cool , made the containers transfer to open area if possible .
Contact with the eye : wash the eye with water flowing or normal saline, then seek medical attention.
Spray cooling water or foam and dilution steam, to protect the site personnel.
Because carbon disulfide is easy to volatilize under room temperature, the container can be sealed surface water.
To Strengthen Chemical Industry Technical Management of Environmental Risk To make technical specification of environmental risk management firstly, clear understanding of various carbon disulfide emergency treatment techniques and to strengthen the training of professional personnel, the Propaganda of society in general levels.
Contact with the eye : wash the eye with water flowing or normal saline, then seek medical attention.
Spray cooling water or foam and dilution steam, to protect the site personnel.
Because carbon disulfide is easy to volatilize under room temperature, the container can be sealed surface water.
To Strengthen Chemical Industry Technical Management of Environmental Risk To make technical specification of environmental risk management firstly, clear understanding of various carbon disulfide emergency treatment techniques and to strengthen the training of professional personnel, the Propaganda of society in general levels.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Yin Xian Zhang, Han Ding Guo, Xing Wei, Hang Yu Zeng, Xiu Feng Men
The professionals pre-job training for constructors of building energy efficiency project, confirmation about demonstration models of building energy efficiency project by responsibility main subjects, such as construction unit, design unit, supervision unit and so on, all above also belong to the supervision and random checking on construction preparation stage.
The installation of air supply system, exhaust system, air conditioning ventilation system and air-conditioning water system in ventilation and air conditioning energy efficiency project should check all equipments, automatic control valves and instruments; installation and debugging situation about hydraulic balance devices of branch lines in water system; installation of cold and heat metering equipments in every building, household and room.
The model choice, installation and debugging of fan-coil units, fans in air-conditioning and ventilation systems, bidirectional ventilation devices which have heat recovery function, exhaust heat recovery units in central exhaust systems, electric two-way regulating valves in return pipes of air conditioning units, electric two-way regulating valves in fan coil units’ return pipes, hydraulic balance devices in air conditioning cold hot water systems, automatic control valves and instruments in cold (hot) quantity measurement devices should be carefully checked.
The supervision and random checking also contains the followings: material’s selection of thermal-protective coatings and vapor barriers in pipes of air conditioning water systems; dispose and cold bridge partition measures about the insulation gaskets between hot water pipes, cold water pipes and scaffolds in air conditioning water system; single machine commissioning and debugging of ventilators and air conditioning units after the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems; combined trial operation and debugger checking of ventilation and air conditioning systems under no production load.
Supervision and random checking on distribution and lighting energy efficiency project .The supervision and random checking on distribution and lighting energy efficiency project has the following contents: electricity metering equipment installation of cooling water pump power, power electricity, cooling tower water pump power in boiler rooms; installation of efficient light sources, efficient lamps and lanterns, energy saving control devices in residential public parts and public buildings; installation of energy-saving equipments, such as water pumps and fans; detection of the low-voltage distribution system and illuminating system.
The installation of air supply system, exhaust system, air conditioning ventilation system and air-conditioning water system in ventilation and air conditioning energy efficiency project should check all equipments, automatic control valves and instruments; installation and debugging situation about hydraulic balance devices of branch lines in water system; installation of cold and heat metering equipments in every building, household and room.
The model choice, installation and debugging of fan-coil units, fans in air-conditioning and ventilation systems, bidirectional ventilation devices which have heat recovery function, exhaust heat recovery units in central exhaust systems, electric two-way regulating valves in return pipes of air conditioning units, electric two-way regulating valves in fan coil units’ return pipes, hydraulic balance devices in air conditioning cold hot water systems, automatic control valves and instruments in cold (hot) quantity measurement devices should be carefully checked.
The supervision and random checking also contains the followings: material’s selection of thermal-protective coatings and vapor barriers in pipes of air conditioning water systems; dispose and cold bridge partition measures about the insulation gaskets between hot water pipes, cold water pipes and scaffolds in air conditioning water system; single machine commissioning and debugging of ventilators and air conditioning units after the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems; combined trial operation and debugger checking of ventilation and air conditioning systems under no production load.
Supervision and random checking on distribution and lighting energy efficiency project .The supervision and random checking on distribution and lighting energy efficiency project has the following contents: electricity metering equipment installation of cooling water pump power, power electricity, cooling tower water pump power in boiler rooms; installation of efficient light sources, efficient lamps and lanterns, energy saving control devices in residential public parts and public buildings; installation of energy-saving equipments, such as water pumps and fans; detection of the low-voltage distribution system and illuminating system.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Li Zhou, Wei Ping Wang
In January 1984, America's united technology company builted the first intelligent building construction, it was locatedin Hartford ciity, Connecticut sate, which was intelligently renovated by an old financial building, and realized the computer control of the building air conditioning, power, water supply, security, fire prevention system and so on, improved the efficiency and the security of the building[3].
Japan began to build the intelligent building in 1985, assigned the development plans, from intelligent equipment, intelligent family to intelligent building and city, etc., and also established the "JIBI" and "Professional Committee of Intelligent Buildings for National Construction"[4].
Japan began to build the intelligent building in 1985, assigned the development plans, from intelligent equipment, intelligent family to intelligent building and city, etc., and also established the "JIBI" and "Professional Committee of Intelligent Buildings for National Construction"[4].
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Viorel Cohal
Experiments were conducted using industrial steel 1mm variables: current, voltage, power, water and coolant pressure.
SORPAS is a simulation software used by professional engineers (specialists in welding) in industry (including automobile manufacturing, welded, welding equipment, electronics and other metalworking industries) to determine and evaluate combinations of materials in regarding the weldability and the design and selection of electrodes and general optimization of welding process parameters [1].
SORPAS is a simulation software used by professional engineers (specialists in welding) in industry (including automobile manufacturing, welded, welding equipment, electronics and other metalworking industries) to determine and evaluate combinations of materials in regarding the weldability and the design and selection of electrodes and general optimization of welding process parameters [1].
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Fei Zhang, Ze Bin Wu, Shun Ye
At the same time, atmospheric transmittance of infrared radiation is an important parameter which measures the atmospheric transmission attenuation effect of infrared radiation, and it has important impact on the design, performance and evaluation of infrared system, e.g. tracking system, searching system, warning system and thermography system et al. [1] Now, there are two kinds of commonly used methods for calculating atmospheric transmittance [2]: one is the method of exact calculation using the professional atmospheric analysis and calculation softwares, such as Modtran and Lowtran; the other one is approximate calculation using theoretical approaches and empirical formula (algorithm of empirical formula).
Atmospheric attenuation mainly includes [7]: 1) absorption attenuation caused by molecules in the atmosphere (mainly including water vapor and carbon dioxide); 2) scattering attenuation by aerosol particles in the air; 3) particular weather conditions (such as snow, rain and fog et al.).
Therefor the total atmospheric transmittance can be calculated by the following formula: (1) Wherein tH2O(we) and tCO2(Re) are atmospheric transmittance arising from absorption attenuation respectively caused by water vapor and carbon dioxide respectively, tH2O(we) can be obtained by looking up the table (spectral transmittance of water vapor at horizontal path above sea-level) with we converting from precipitable water w; tCO2(Re) can also be obtained by looking up the table(spectral transmittance of carbon dioxide at horizontal path above sea-level) with Re converting from the R which is horizontal distance; And DV is atmospheric visibility, Jrain is rainfall intensity, Jsnow is snowfall intensity, wl is wavelength.
Steps of calculating atmospheric transmittance arising from absorption due to water vapor (H2O): 1) Firstly, in order to obtain w0 (condensable vapors per kilometer in 100% relative humidity), looking up the corresponding table with atmospheric temperature T. 2) Then calculating the precipitable water w which equals to the product of distance R, relative humidity Hr and w0. 3) Performing the correction of precipitable water, i.e. converting w into the equivalent precipitable water we in the surface layer. 4) Finally, looking up the corresponding table for tH2O with the parameters including wavelength wl and precipitable water we.
System functions shown in the GUI mainly include: calculating atmospheric transmittance with the appointed wavelength, plotting atmospheric transmittance of water vapor and carbon dioxide curves, drawing simulated images in the infrared band and calculating atmospheric transmittance of infrared radiation with rainfall or snowfall intensity in particular weather condition.
Atmospheric attenuation mainly includes [7]: 1) absorption attenuation caused by molecules in the atmosphere (mainly including water vapor and carbon dioxide); 2) scattering attenuation by aerosol particles in the air; 3) particular weather conditions (such as snow, rain and fog et al.).
Therefor the total atmospheric transmittance can be calculated by the following formula: (1) Wherein tH2O(we) and tCO2(Re) are atmospheric transmittance arising from absorption attenuation respectively caused by water vapor and carbon dioxide respectively, tH2O(we) can be obtained by looking up the table (spectral transmittance of water vapor at horizontal path above sea-level) with we converting from precipitable water w; tCO2(Re) can also be obtained by looking up the table(spectral transmittance of carbon dioxide at horizontal path above sea-level) with Re converting from the R which is horizontal distance; And DV is atmospheric visibility, Jrain is rainfall intensity, Jsnow is snowfall intensity, wl is wavelength.
Steps of calculating atmospheric transmittance arising from absorption due to water vapor (H2O): 1) Firstly, in order to obtain w0 (condensable vapors per kilometer in 100% relative humidity), looking up the corresponding table with atmospheric temperature T. 2) Then calculating the precipitable water w which equals to the product of distance R, relative humidity Hr and w0. 3) Performing the correction of precipitable water, i.e. converting w into the equivalent precipitable water we in the surface layer. 4) Finally, looking up the corresponding table for tH2O with the parameters including wavelength wl and precipitable water we.
System functions shown in the GUI mainly include: calculating atmospheric transmittance with the appointed wavelength, plotting atmospheric transmittance of water vapor and carbon dioxide curves, drawing simulated images in the infrared band and calculating atmospheric transmittance of infrared radiation with rainfall or snowfall intensity in particular weather condition.