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Olovsjö et al. [6] have studied the effects of grain size and hardness of Waspaloy on the wear of cemented carbide tools while Aruna et al. [7] have analyzed the wear of ceramic cutting tools in finish turning of Inconel 718.
Figure 6: Acquisition and flank wear measurement lay – out The experiments designed plan is shown in Fig. 7, the numbers in the brackets indicate the sequence of the tests.
The optimization procedure analyzes the part – program, each insert is identified and characterized (ID number, geometry, corresponding part – program section), the initial cutting parameters (FINI, SINI) are detected and, through the XZ coordinate of the corresponding tool – path section, calculates the cutting time TINI (due to the actual value of FINI, SINI) required to machine the assigned feature.
In the chosen PP0 part – program, two VBMT 160412 – MF S05F are considered, so the optimization phase (Block 3 in Fig. 2) replaces, for each of them and in the corresponding NC code section, the (FOPT_i, SOPT_i) couple of the available VBMT life curves database, where i = 1, ….., n (I is the ID number of each tool life curve).
Sjöberg, The effect of grain size and hardness of Waspaloy on the wear of cemented carbide tools, Int J Adv Manuf Technol 50, pp. 907–915, 2010; [7] M.

A large number of these studies have examined the ablation of PI for it will easily ablate using low fluence pulses.
The average grain size of AZO film was estimated from the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the (002) diffraction peak using the Scherrer formula: (1) where λ is the X-ray wavelength, is the Bragg diffraction angle, and is the FWHM of .
The rough surface appearance of this film is not created by craters, but by the convex shape of grains remaining on the surface after the etching step [Fig. 3a], while the film deposited at 200 ℃ and 400 ℃ arises crater-like structure of irregular lateral size and depth upon etching in hydrochloride acid [Fig. 3b and Fig. 3c].
The average ablation rate per pulse was determined by measuring the ablation depth and then divided it by the number of ablation pulses.
This result suggests that, to obtain deep submicron intact free-standing PI films, the combination of low laser flux and large number of pulses is the preferred choice.

There is a number of publications on the possibilities of use of wastes use according to the results of researches which were made by the Russian Federation abroad [1 − 11] and which indicate their application in the construction industry.
According to the number of plasticity clay (15.8 %) is considered to be quite plastic.
In the microphotos of the slag (Fig. 2a) polydisperse grains (under 0.5 mm) are microaggregates from the polymineral clastic phases, which according to the authors are bound together due to the electrostatic forces and coagulation bonds [13].
Influence of the amount of the electric steel melting slag from JSC «OESW» in the raw mixture on the rate of swelling (а) and bulk density (в) of grains of the expanded clay gravel.
A number of scientific papers suggest that mullite gives the basic physical and mechanical properties to the ceramic materials [16 − 20].

David 1,i 1Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA 2Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA 3 Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA 4Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM, USA awoowc@ornl.gov, bfengz@ornl.gov, c wangxl@ornl.gov, d dbrown@lanl.gov, eclausen@lanl.gov, f hubbardcr@ornl.gov, g hchoo@utk.edu, h liaw@utkux.utcc.utk.edu, idavidsa1@ornl.gov Keywords: Quasi-steady state, In-situ, Neutron diffraction, Transient strain, Aluminum alloys Abstract Neutron diffraction research has been limited to the "static" behavior of materials since the number of collected neutrons is insufficient to reach the adequate neutron fluxes in rapid changes of material state.
Introduction A number of thermo-mechanical processes have emerged recently and often results in superior mechanical properties of advanced materials [1].
In this paper, we present: (i) the principle of the QSS and (ii) the transient behavior of strains in (hkl) grains of a polycrystalline Al 6061-T6 alloy using QSS-basis in-situ time-resolved neutron diffraction methodology during thermo-mechanical processing. 2.
Spatially-resolved time-of-flight neutron diffraction can provide d-spacing changes, which diffracted from the grain sets with their reflecting hkl lattice plane normal oriented parallel to longitudinal direction (LD) of the plate [3].
DOE under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725.

In order to improve the low gasification rate of common hybrid motors and their low combustion efficiency addition of oxidizing powders to the fuel grain was imagined.
where the products of combustion involved are: Depending, gaseous O2, AlO Independent, gaseous O Independent, condensible Al/Al* Dependent, mono-liquid Al2O3* The next iteration is started by applying the corrections , . (22) for partial pressures and the number of moles of condensed species, whatever those are.
When the correction for the total number of moles xn becomes smaller enough the computation is stopped and the result provides the chemical equilibrium composition of the gas at a given temperature T.
The entire procedure was developed in a number of problem oriented computer codes, with TERMADDA as the most recently issued by ADDA Ltd.
By the equivalent SRM we should understand that motor which is built with the identical solid propellant grain as the one used in the CRE and working at the identical combustion pressure pc, still without any additional oxidizer On the same time the addition of extra oxidizer in the required 50:50 amount to the solid propellant involves the necessity for a double-fold larger initial port area (IPA) Ati than for the equivalent SRM alone.

Introduction In spite of a number of studies concerning the evaluation of operational durability of power engineering installations, no explicit methodology has been developed so far to evaluate the technical condition of devices or procedures to forecast their further safe operation.
Geometric parameters of the tubes subject to bending, obtained in FEM simulation (temperature 890°C) Tube diameter D [mm] Material grade Wall thickness g [mm] Bending radius R [mm] Shift of neutral axis e [mm] Increase in thickness gw [mm] Wall thinning gz [mm] Da [mm] Db [mm] Section ovalization e [%] 323.9 14MoV6-3 40 485 15.7 Wall thinning % 12.65 Section number 1 56.9 34.9 327.9 323.3 1.4 2 56.5 34.3 323.4 325.9 0.8 3 56.9 34.2 323.1 328.8 1.7 Wall thickening % 38.75 4 56.0 33.9 318.9 329.6 3.3 5 51.2 37.4 319.7 326.4 2.06 Mean value 55.5 34.94 322.6 326.8 1.85 a) b) Fig. 3.
Based on the results, the number of cycles until specimen’s fracture (Nf.) was determined.
The as-delivered material showed advanced precipitation processes at grain boundaries and in ferrite which affected the dislocation structure.
Inhomogeneous ferritic-bainitic/pearlitic microstructure with a varied grain size (a,b), details of ferritic substructure (c), ferritic substructure with a cellular structure characteristic of hardening processes (d), pearlite/bainite regions with dispersion precipitates of carbide phases (e), dispersion precipitates in pearlite/bainite regions(f).

Because water has low boiling point and evaporates faster than diesel, second atomization[7] makes grain finer, contact area of fuel droplets and air expand and fuel droplets distribute evener in air.
Secondary atomization function makes fuel grain and air mix evener, and reduces local oxygen deficit and rich oxygen in cylinder, so as to lessen soot formation [5]
The number of N generated from (1) determines reaction degree of (2)~(3), so equation (1) is the control link of NO formation.
A large number of H2O vaporizes and evaporates at high temperature, which has a certain dilute effect to O, further weakening equation (1).
The main chemical equations [9] are as follows (15) (16) (17) The second stage is that the HCN, CN, N generated in the first state and a large number of OH, H existed in flame react to form NO.

The grain size of lime rock varies from 10mm to 30mm, and the properties of crushed stone are shown in Table 2.
Table 1 Properties of cement Physical properties Values of national standard reference Values of test Degree of fineness: sieve residue after0.08 square hole[%] <10 3.7 Specific density - 3.2 Time of setting Standard consistency [%] - 27.1 Initial setting time [h:m] ≥45 minutes 2:50 Final setting time [h:m] ≤10 hours 4:35 Soundness (method of steam digestion) - Qualified Flexure strength [MPa] 28d - 7.9 Compression strength [MPa] - 57.2 Table 2 Properties of crushed stone Crushing value Abrasion value Sediment percentage Percentage of elongated and flaky grain 3.83% 3.43% 0.565% 8.14% Flyash.
Therefore, with the accumulation of numbers of freezing and thawing cycles, the mass loss rate of flyash concrete increases so much so that it exceeds the mass loss rate of reference concrete blended with the admixtures.

., grain size and porosity.
(MPa) KIc (MPa.m 1/2 ) (FM) KIc (MPa.m 1/2 ) (indentation) Vickers Hardness A 0.18 0.15 0.46 0.38 2.58 0.06 68 5.40 1.80 0.17 1.96 0.23 719 29 B 0.48 0.17 1.15 0.42 2.44 0.05 66 7.90 2.17 0.33 2.22 0.41 688 44 C 0.61 0.19 1.49 0.45 2.45 0.08 71 6.60 1.98 0.20 1.80 0.24 685 37 D 0.95 0.35 2.30 0.85 2.43 0.07 52 5.10 1.60 0.29 1.93 0.43 696 23 Superscript numbers: Standard deviations.
In literature, it can be found for alumina that changing grain size from 1-2 µm to 10-12 µm caused a change in fracture toughness from 2.5-3.0 MPa.m1/2 to 4.5 MPa.m1/2 [8].

In order to analyze the effectiveness that the electric field conditions affect the biochemical index of wheat, we select the Yongliang number 4 wheat seed (Triticum aestivum L.) provided by Inner Mongolia MengFeng Seed Company and the device in paper [1] to do the experiment.
We selected the seeds with uniform size and full grain, and divided them into 13 groups, of which first group was selected as the standard group, and the other 12 groups were processed separately with different electric field intensity.
Each group has three repeat, and each repeat is 3*100 grain.