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For variable cross-section beams, designers can reasonably design section, save materials and reduce self-weight according to the specific stress situation.
L is the length of beam element , ρ is the density of materials and all of them are known quantities.
According to the material mechanics theory, substituting equations (1-5) into equation (6), one finally reaches the result such as equation (7)
Formulation submitted to Journal of EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics( 1996) [5] LI Shuang, Xie Li li, Bao Yue quan.
Structure Analysis on Gantry Machining Center and characteristic submitted to Advanced Materials Research(2010)

In the present calculation, same material models and parameters as in [6] are used.
The balloon is modeled by a hyperelastic rubber type material presented by the Mooney-Rivlin model.
Cochelin, Mechanical behavior modelling of balloon-expandable stents, Journal of Biomechanics, 33 (2000) 1461-1470 [3] W.
Wang, An FEA method to study flexibility of expanded coronary stents, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 184 (2007) 447–450, [4] Min Qi , Dongke Liang , Dazhi Yang, Qingbao Zhang, Weiqiang Wang, Finite element analysis on the crimped mechanical behavior of coronary stents, , , Beijing Biomedical Engineering, 25(4) ( 2006) 366-370 [5] Xiang Shen, Zhonghua Ni, Expansion behavior of biodegradable magnesium-alloy stent, JOURNAL O F SOU THEAST UN IV ERS ITY (Natural Science Edition),38(1),49-53,2008 [6] S.N.
Hashmi, Finite element simulation of slotted tube (stent) with the presence of plaque and artery by balloon expansion, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 155–156 (2004) 1772–1779 [7] Stent modeling using immersed finite element method, Michael Gay, Lucy Zhang, Wing Kam Liu, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,195 (2006) 4358-4370 [8] Zihui Xia, Yunfa Zhang, Fernand Ellyin, A unified periodical boundary conditions for representative volume elements of composites and applications, International Journal of Solids and Structures 40 (2003) 1907–1921 [9] Zihui Xia, Feng Ju, Katsuhiko Sasaki, A general finite element analysis method for balloon expandable stents based on repeated unit cell (RUC) model, Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 43 (2007) 649 – 658 [10] Feng Jua, Zihui Xia and Chuwei Zhoub, Repeated unit cell (RUC) approach for pure bending analysis of coronary stents,Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 00( 0) (2008) 1–13 [11]

Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 2001, 10(1):33-40
Nature Materials, 2005, 4:629-634
Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, 2003, 21(6):2262-2296
Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2007, 29(6):923-926
Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 2007, 16(5):1276-1285.

Usually there is a sliding between the contact surfaces of the connector, while the changes in temperature and humidity environment would affect the resistance of the connector contact materials.
This paper studies the complicated effects of environment and sliding on the dynamic resistance of the contacts materials of Pd-Ni plated.
Experimental Materials and Methods There are two kinds of contact pair in this paper: one is Au probe(the thickness of gold coating is 0.5μm ) - PdNi sample, the other is Ni probe(the base metal is Cu) –PdNi sample.
[8] Wang, Dong, Xu, Liangjun, Modeling of contact surface morphology and dust particles by using finite element method, Journal of Zhejiang University: Science A, 8(3), 2007, pp.403-407
[11] X.Y.Lin and J.G.Zhang “Natural corrosion and electrical contact property of gold plating on contacts,” Electronic Components and Materials, vol.20, No.4, pp.11-13, 2001.

Thermal Expansion of Advanced Materials for High Temperature Fusion Application Tomáš Dvorák a, Štefan Kavecký b, Pavol Štefánik c Institute of materials and machine mechanics, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovak Academy of Sciences a tomas.dvorak@savba.sk, b stefan.kavecky@savba.sk, c pavol.stefanik@savba.sk Keywords: metal matrix composite, gas pressure infiltration, diffusion bonding, coefficient of thermal expansion Abstract.
Heat sink materials, which are planned to be used for production of fusion reactors, are expected to withstand high temperature changes as well as high heat fluxes at elevated temperatures.
From a structural point of view, the crucial properties of these materials are high structural stability at elevated temperatures and thermo-cycling resistance [2].
Tungsten (W) and copper (Cu) are materials suitable for production of metal matrix composites (MMC) that can be used in specific high temperature applications [3].
Nemoto. et al.: Journal Nucl.

Journal of Materials Processing TechnologyVolume 210, Issue 2, 19 January 2010, Pages 363-369 [3] S.
Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 26: 1404–1414, 2011 [4] W.C.
Sebastiani, A.H. van den Boogaard.The technology of Incremental Sheet Forming – A brief review of the history.The technology of Incremental Sheet Forming - a brief review of the history.Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 210 (8). pp. 981-997 [5]W.
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 24 (8) (2010) 1617~1621
Observations on the Influence of Tool-Sheet ContactConditions on an Incremental Forming Process.JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE, Volume 20, Number 6, 941-946 [9]M.

Yamauch, Novel Abrasive-Free Planarization of 4H-SiC (0001) Using Catalyst, Journal of electronic materials. 35 (2006) 11
Seiler, Electro-Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Silicon Carbide, Journal of electronic materials. 33 (2004) 481
Hengehold, Effects of Process Parameter Variations on the Removal Rate in Chemical Mechanical Polishing of 4H-SiC, Journal of Electronic Materials. 30 (2001) 1271
Huang, Brittle materials in nano-abrasive fabrication of optical mirror-surfaces, Precision Engineering. 32 (2008) 336
Lin, Investigation on mirror surface grinding characteristics of SiC materials, Journal of Ceramic Processing Research. 10 (2009) 351

Zhang: Science of Advanced Materials Vol. 1 (2009), p. 205
Kato and T.Yashiro: Materials Science and Engineering A Vol.243 (1998), p. 244
Ding: Materials Science and Engineering R Vol. 47 (2004), p. 49
Mabuchi; Journal of Material Science: Materials in Medicine Vol 13 (2002), p 397
Yongqiang: Materials Science Forum Vols. 618-619 (2009), p. 169.

Experimental procedure Experiment used TiFe (w(Ti)=30%), FeNCr(w(N)=5%, w(Cr)=60%) and toner as raw materials, and mixed the raw materials within the ratio of 190.5:100:10, the mixed powders were prepared with the processing of 6 to 1 ball to powder weight ratio and wet mixing 4h with absolute alcohol as medium in YXQM-1L planetary ball mill.
Analysis and discussion Essentially the sintering process of composite materials is an energy and material transfer process, composite materials system will get to a steady equilibrium state as the sintering process go on,on the premise of the same dwelling time, sintering temperature decide whether the sintering is fully.
(2) The composite materials have low shrinkage rate, hardness, bending strength,and fracture toughness when the temperature is less than 1150℃, and when temperature is greater than 1150℃, materials have obvious shrinks, the fracture toughness and bending strength rise according to the trend of fast followed by slow with 1200℃ for turning point
[5] Hu Haiyong: China Nuclear Science and Technology Report Vol.S2(1995), p. 01-12, in Chinese
[6] Wu Jinming, Zheng Shilie, Li Zhizhang: Materials Review Vol.5(1999), p. 52-54, in Chinese

Most researches that have been done are related to temperature-induced stresses in pavements and load-induced stresses in BDP.Rasmus [2] calculated the shear stress among layers of BDP and obtained a relationship between the load level and the cracking behavior of the materials.
Analysis of an orthotropic deck stiffened with a cement-based overlay.Journal of Bridge Engineering, 12(3), 2007pp.350-363
Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition), 27(4), 2007pp.28-32
China Journal of Highway and Transport, 18(2) , 2005pp.56-60
Journal of South China University of Technology,35(2), 2007pp.59-63