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Results and Discussion Obtained data permits to conclude, that ion exchange from concentrated solutions of Cu(NO3)2 and CuCl2 leads to the loss of crystalline structure of NaX.
According to XRD data, applying of solutions with a concentration higher than 0.4 M led to the almost complete destruction of the crystalline structure.
In the structure of the partially dehydrated Cu-mordenite the coordination of Cu(1) is exactly the same as that in the hydrated structure (in the center of the elliptical 8-ring); The second Cu2+ cation, Cu(2), is situated above a 6-ring in the main 12-ring channel.
Structures, classification, properties, synthesis, industrial and environmental applications.
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 8, Iss. 13, pp. 1407-1417, 2008

Morphology-controlled fabrication of CuO architectures Li-Xia Yanga, Bing Liub and Gui-Hua Lic School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China ayanglx2003@163.com, bchemlb99@126.com, clgh2985@126.com(corresponding author) Keywords: crystal growth; morphology; microstructure; CuO Abstract.
Intorduction CuO, as a p-type semiconductor with a narrow band gap, has been extensively studied because of their novel properties and various applications caused by their unique micro and nanostructures with well-defined shape and inner structure.
SEM image(Fig.4d-f) reveals the overall morphology of CuO sample prepared at 80°C for 20min, indicating that as-prepared CuO consists of uniform pistachio nuts-like structures with sized up to 5μm.
The whole structure can be seen as two bowls covered together with an open mouth.
We consider this as a result of three-dimensional nanorod bundle structure of Cu(OH)2 precursor, which leads to a different dissolution and recrystallization pathway.

The development model of a complex system through a sequence of bifurcations and chaos idea of how an extremely complex and developed structure is applicable to the phenomena of very different nature: the physical, biological, social, economic, i.e. to any system where there is a sequence of period doubling bifurcations.
In the evolution of continuously cropped various forms of human society, the organizational structure of the activity, especially the spiritual world of people.
It is an integration of disciplines , consideration of increasingly complex systems in physics, soil and grounds , concrete and building materials chemistry , biology, security solutions and coatings , building management systems, production processes and the formation of building technologies.
"Synergetic" - the science that studies the processes of self-organization and emergence, maintenance, sustainability, and the collapse of the structures of very different nature, is far from complete and unified common terminology (including common name of the whole theory) does not exist yet.
This situation in the construction industry shows that today the fate of all new projects can’t be determined until the actions of participants in the processes of the life cycle of buildings and structures are not consciously supported by broad layers of the population, and until there is a new self-organizing Wednesday on a new partnership integration level.

The Electronic Control System of Automatic Optical Scissors and Optical Tweezers Yizhi Li, Shunquan Shen and Anpei Ye* Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
Fig.2 shows the structure of PZT driver.
Fig.2 Structure block diagram of PZT driver Position detecting and locating.
Fig.3 reflects the structure of QD.
The structure is showed in Fig.6.

Besides, the polyphenylacetylene synthesized with terminal diyne has hyperbranched structure, which solved the entanglement problem due to the linear long-chain structure of PPA obtained with acetenyl arene and improved solubility and modification ability.
In this paper, hyperbranched polyphenylacetylene resins were obtained with tantalum pentachloride catalyst and tetraphenyltin promoter; during the polymerization process, three monomer acetenyl formed an aryl-benzene, generating a polyphenylene structure which is linked by short chains.
Synthetic route 4: take heptadiyne and phenylethynyl as raw materials, tantalum pentachloride and tetraphenyltin as catalysts, with the aim of exploring the influence of monomer structure on product properties.
Results and Discussion To investigate the influence of monomer on product structure and properties, we carried out a series of synthesis experiments with octadiyne and heptadiyne as monomers and phenylethynyl as comonomer, and made structural characterization and thermal property research on the obtained polymer with IR, HNMR and TGA.
Guangzhou Chemistry, 2002,27（4）:1-5

Pillared-montmorillonite can be used as an adsorption material for better performance, which can provide more larger pore structure characteristics[3] than zeolites (pore size of 8 ~ 9 Å [1]).
With the two-dimensional pore structure, pore size (4 ~ 18 Å [1], has been reported up to 5.2nm [2]) uniform and adjustable，large specific surface area, etc., it is with possibility of adsorption of macromolecules.
Pillaring agent is the most important research content of pillared-montmorillonite, which directly affect the structure and performance of pillared-montmorillonite such as layer thickness, thermal stability etc..
The parameter will has effection on pore structure of pillared-montmorillonite and thus affect its adsorption properties. 3.1 Preparation of polymeric hydroxyl-Ti cations Ti-pillaring agent is produced as shown in Figure 1.1.
Literature： [1] Dai Jincao , Xiao Zijing , Iterlayered Cross-linking and Formation Conditions of Porous Clay , Journal of Inorganic Materials , 1999, 14(1) : 90~94 [2] Rong Tianjun , Xiao Jinkai , New Advances of Reaserch on Pillared interlayered of Porous Clay Mineral , Bulletin of Mineralogy Petrology and Geochemistry , 1998，17（4）：269~274 [3] Yin Lisong , Zhou Qifa , The Mechanism of Nanocrystalline Derived by Sol-Gel Process , Journal of Functional Materials , 1999，30（4）：407～409 [4] Lu Qi , Lei Rongxin , Crystal Structure and Crystal Chemistry of Pillared Clay Mineral Materials , Geological Science and Technology Information , 2001，20（1）：91～99

In turn, the spray-coating method improves the hydrophobic properties (CA = 152°) by formation of the hierarchical structure of the surface [6].
Then, to form a hierarchical surface structure, a polymer layer was applied to the formed composite coating by spraying a 2 wt. % solution of TFE telomers (trademark Cherflon®).
Surface morphology and coating structure were studied using a scanning electron microscope (Merlin-62-15, Carl Zeiss, Germany).
The hierarchical structure can also be observed on the cross-section of the coating (Fig. 1a, inserts), in which it is clearly visible that a nanoscale roughness is formed on the surface.
However, then CA was decreased to 150° and 135° (cycle 4 and 5, respectively, Fig. 3a) as result of partial destruction of hierarchical structure by the cooled liquid phase.

The morphology and structure of the as-prepared products were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, ZEISS SUPRA55).
The structures of the composites were characterized using XRD and the morphology was evaluated using SEM.
As shown in Fig. 2, the XRD patterns of T0, T1, T2, T3 all display a characteristic broad peak around 20-30°, implied an amorphous SiO2 structure.
Fig. 3a revealed the pure silica aerogel had homogeneous nanoparticles about 50-60 nm and uniform open pore structure.
Pajonk, Chemistry of Aerogels and Their Applications, Chem.

The new Synthesis of novel organic light-emitting material spirobifluorene by Ullman coupling LOU Yazhoua, SUN Xiaoxiab* and Li Yingchunc Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People’s Republic of China a louyazhou@163.com; bsunxiaoxia77@126.com; clyc8751902@163.com; Keywords: 2,7-dibromo-9,9′-spirobifluorene, organic light-emmitting, Ullman coupling, Abstract.
Nevertheless, the spiro-annulated structure caused by the 9,9′- disubstituted fluorene skeleton is of significance in polymers for optical use.
We envisioned that polymers with this structural feature can be served as an alternative candidate with not only high refractive index originating from the fluorene skeleton but also low birefringence depending on the perfect C2-symmetry of the molecular structure.
Scheme 1 displays the structures of the materials used in this study.
Scheme 1 The structures of the materials Experimental Section Characterization. 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra were collected on a Bruker AM-500WB spectrometer in chloroform-d as solvent and tetramethylsilane (TMS) as the internal standard.

Birds are the typical examples with bones with minimal weight, and how such bone structure can be created have been a major question in bone biology.
Adachi et al. also proposed a model of bone remodeling using cancellous bone structure obtained by microcomputer tomography [4].
Reaction-diffusion model was firstly proposed by Turing and has been used in various fields, such as chemistry and biology [8-10].
It should be noted that beams without direct connection with the lost beams also contributed to the adaptation of the entire structure to the stress.
One of the greatest features of life is how it can build a structure with self-repair and adaptation capability to the given environment.