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In addition, many plain reservoirs are of shallow water storage, water pollution, which not only lead the poor economic performance, the serious problem of salinization, but also adverse impact to the environment and affect the efficiency of the use of plain reservoirs seriously.
The physical and mechanical properties of field test area’s foundation soil is illustrated in Tab.1[5-6].
Tab.1 Values of mechanical parameters Soil class Thickness（m） ρ（kg/m3） Es（MPa） c（kPa） φ（°） Old dam sandy loam 2 / 4 2130 6.696 20.8 10 New dam sandy loam 5 1700 3.912 21.0 12 Foundation sandy loam 3 1960 4.93 21.0 11 silt 7 1970 10.65 25.0 10 clay 3 1880 3.92 18.2 19 sandy loam 2 1990 4.83 19.4 18 clay 3 2040 4.62 18.1 16.6 2 Vertical expansion modes In the view of the project present state (2 meters height, 3.5 meters water storage depth, 1:3 slope gradient) and geological information, two vertical expansion modes had been put forward.
Tab.2 Vertical expansion modes Vertical expanding modes Height(m) Water storage depth(m) Expanding capacity Present 5 3.5 Δh(m) Expanding percent(%) ①：+2m 7 4.5 1 28.6% ②：+4m 9 6 2.5 71.2% 3 Mechanical effects analysis of different treatments 3.1 Numerical computational model At present, the dam impounds 3.5 meters depth water and the dam foundation do not take any anti-seepage control measures.
But the bottom of new dam requires special treatment to prevent the dam from subsidence crack. 4 Dam slope stability analysis Tab.3 Minimum safety factors under different methods Mode I II Minimum safety factors Bishop method Swedish circle method Bishop method Swedish circle method Project (I) Upstream 3.967 3.777 3.314 3.140 Downstream 2.026 1.822 1.816 1.662 Project (II) Upstream 3.404 3.157 3.278 3.070 Downstream 2.025 1.821 1.818 1.652 By analyzing the results in Tab.3, the dam slope stability in two ways of heightening dam is of litter difference and can both satisfy the stability requirement.

However, in selecting a suitable wear testing machine, the following criteria should be considered; the properties of material of the component being tested, contact between the components, and whether the test machine’s environment is similar to the actual working environment [7].
The reason that the weight loss had no significant difference was because the wear mechanisms of wear that occur with hooks from both the testing machine and the weaving machine with the same mechanism (Fig. 4) and level of factors that affect wear rate were similar [10].
When it came in contact with yarn, small scraps of coating would wear off of its surface but this did not significantly affect the hook’s weight loss.
Menard, Connection between dynamic mechanical properties and sliding wear resistance of polymers, Mater.
Sun, Dry abrasion property of TiN-matrix coating deposited by reactive high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying, J.

The method allows elements to span the entire distance between discontinuities (a change in geometry or material properties) and thus only a few elements are needed to model an entire structure.
This whole process can be easily accomplished by measuring the electrical impedance of the PZT, which enables monitoring the mechanical properties of the structure by measuring the electrical properties.
In the static type, such as the model developed by Crawley and deLuis [6], the actuator force is independent of the actuation frequency, where as in the impedance approach, the dynamic piezoelectric properties are included in the dynamic equilibrium.
Table 1 lists the geometric and material properties used in the model of the beam.
Beam Properties.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, KSA.
Considering the Jacobian matrix of a robot manipulator, the condition number is an error amplifying factor of actuators, so affecting the accuracy of the Cartesian velocity of the gripper.
In order to achieve a global property of the manipulator, the global conditioning index (CGI) is used.
In order to achieve a global property of the manipulator, the following adaptation is used.
Dou, Optimum design of a 3-RRR planar parallel manipulators, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 224 (2010) 411-418

Parallel to this, a first suitable FE-modelling of the analysed coatings is presented, with the aim of studying frictional properties and mechanical load of hard thin films.
The material properties for ABS, PA6 GF 30, high-speed steel and the implemented thin coatings are shown in Table 2.
Since the mechanical properties of titanium nitride are comparable to the ones of the investigated hard thin layers, this ratio is considered as valid for them too with a certain approximation.
In order to calculate the µplastic-PVD values for the investigated coatings, it is possible to focus on the frictional properties of high-speed steel.
Wenke, Determination of the fatigue properties of multilayer PVD coatings on various substrates based on the impact test and its FEM simulation, Thin solid films, 308/309 (1997) 315-322

Therefore, pretreatments are favorable to improve physical properties, chemical compositions and heating value.
Torrefaction has been used to improve biomass properties with expectation of better conversion processes.
The combined pretreatments could improve the properties of pretreated corn stalks and quality of the pyrolysis products.
Proximate and ultimate analysis of untreated bagasse [16] Proximate analysis %weight Ultimate analysis %weight Moisture Content 50.73 C 21.33 Volatile Matters 41.98 H 3.06 Fixed Carbon 16.90 O 23.29 Ash 1.43 N 0.12 S 0.03 In torrefaction, there are many factors affecting the final product quality such as reactor, heating supply, process conditions.
However, at 250˚C, the light volatile matters were not completely released to achieve better properties.

But the values of normal equilibrium reaction condition and the real interface reaction brazing system were different; and the main influential factor was the brazing temperature, and the system vacuum of brazing condition can lead the change of equilibrium constant (Kα).
Introduction It was well-known that alumina ceramic played an important role in electronic industry because of its superior physical, chemical, mechanical and optical properties.
Feng, Interlayer design to control interfacial microstructure and improve mechanical properties of active brazed Invar/SiO2–BN joint, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 575 (2013) 199-205
Tsao, Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of microplasma oxidized TiO2/Ti joints soldered using Sn3.5Ag4Ti(Ce) active filler; Journal of Materials Science, Materials in Electronics. 25 (2014) 233-243
Lin, Effect of Brazing Conditions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al2O3/Ti–6Al–4V Alloy Joints Reinforced by TiB Whiskers, Journal of Materials Science & Technology. 29 (2013) 961-970

Considering synthesis of different vibration factors, the signal obtained must be unstable and nonlinear muti-component signal.
And different non-stationary features indicate different forms of mechanical fault.
Unique periodic stability of itself make record collected each time has a property of document traversal, which is good for analysis and processing combined with local situation.
Mechanical Science and Technology, 23(2) (2004) 221-223
Mechanical systems and signal processing, 14(3) (2000)371-385

However, these techniques are difficult to apply to dissimilar materials such as metal to polymer due to unlike material properties.
Copper (Cu) has excellent physical properties such as high melting temperature and high electrical conductivity which are much differ from the polymer's properties.
The physical properties of PET, Cu and CuO are shown in Table 1.
The welded area might be one of the factors which affect the joining strength.
However in case of PET/PO Cu joint, significant presence of Cu particles in PET can be seen and were believed could affect the tensile shear strength

The variability of powders arises from the many ways in which their flow properties may be changed, such as: physical properties of the powder particles such as their size, size range, shape, hardness, elasticity, porosity, mass, interactions between particles, texture, angularity and so on.
Environmental factors that affect the powder bulk properties, such as the air or moisture content, external pressure, vibration, etc. [13].
More mixers types, equipment with a description and general properties can be found in [9].
They differ in properties, such as shape, average dimension, bulk density, cohesion.
Yan, Food Powders Physical Properties, Processing and Functionality, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2005