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Early studies on the mechanics of gel swelling by Tanaka et al [1] consists of decomposing the material into the two individual phases for separate analysis, which limits the analysis of such materials to simple geometries[1], [2].
The swelling kinetics of a polymeric gel is due to the migration of solvent molecules within and across the material boundary.
Tanaka, “Kinetics of swelling and shrinking of gels,” The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 92, no. 2, p. 1365, 1990
Fillmore, “Kinetics of swelling of gels,” The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 70, no. 3, p. 1214, 1979
Zhang, “Modeling and simulation of buckling of polymeric membrane thin film gel,” Computational Materials Science, vol. 49, no. 1, pp.

Ni, Mo, Cu and other alloy elements were added to Cr steel to form super martensite materials and improved the comprehensive properties of the materials [17].
Research progress in corrosion resistant tubing and casing materials, Journal of Materials Science & Engineering. 29 (3) (2011) 471-477.
Materials Science, 46 (2) (2010) 190-200
Materials protection, 36 (4) (2003) 32-34.
Materials Science. 37 (2) (2001) 319-332

Finnie: Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 15(10) (1980), p. 2508-2514 [4] F.
Liu: Journal of Manufacturing Processes, Vol. 7(2) (2005), p. 95-101 [6] K.O.
Bergman: Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 404(1-2) (2005), p. 1-8 [7] M.
Li: Materials Science Forum, Vol. 626-627 (2009), p. 47-52 [8] W.J.
Liang: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, Vol. 48(15) (2008), p. 1678-1687

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) are used as structural materials in automotive and aerospace industries because of its superior properties like high strength to weight ratio and high stiffness to weight ratio.
R.Teti [1] presented his work on conventional machining of different composite materials with various issues on tool wear.
In this paper cutting temperature and tool wear were taken as the important factors influencing the surface quality of the edge trimmed CFRP materials.
Teti: Machining of composite materials
Miranda, Machining optimisation in carbon fiber reinforced composite materials, Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol.92 – 93 (1999) pp. 135 – 140

From Poisson's ratio of materials we know that when material’s longitudinal stress has a strain ﻉy, there will be a corresponding ﻉx.
References [1] Lu Ke, Liu Xuedong, Hu Zhuangqi, The Hall-Petch relation in nanocrystalline materials, Chinese Journal of Materials Research.05(1994)385-391 [2] Lu Ke, Lu Lei, Progress in mechanical proterties of nanocrystalline materials, ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA.08(2000)785-789
[3] Lu K, Lu L, Suresh S, Strengthening materials by engineering coherent internal boundaries at the nanoscale, Science.324(2009)349-352
[15] Wang Jihui，Zheng Junping，Liu Jiachen，Huang Dinghai, Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Tian Jing：Tian Jing University Press. 83(2006)
[16] Ye Duyi,Wang Dejun,Ping An, Microscopic plastic deformation and cycling performance of structural steel surface during high-cycle fatigue, JOURNAL OF NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE). 04(1995) 420-423.

The synthetic group of adhesives materials have been more allocated into two key groups: industrial adhesives material and special compound adhesive materials.
Industrial compounds materials include epoxies, acrylics, silicones etc.
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials 2004:413–22
Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 2000:1265–96
Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 2006:1547–60

Therefore the performance of emulsified asphalt cement concrete is affected heavily by the content of two materials, and content ratio has a decisive influence to the performance of mixture.
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2007, 16(5): 578-583
Construction and Building Materials, 2009, 23: 2580-2585
Construction and Building Materials, 2009, 23: 1338-1343
Journal of building materials, 2009, 12(1): 71-75(In Chinese)

Patel: Materials Science and Engineering Vol.
Rossi: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 179 (2006), p. 190 [6] M.
Ravindran: Materials Science and Engineering Vol.
Xia: Journal of materials processing technology Vol. 209 (2009), p. 4538 [10] Q.G.
Wang and C.H.Caceres: Materials Science and Engineering Vol.

Altun, et al: Materials and Structures, Vol. 39 (2006), pp. 491–499
[2] D, Suiji, et al: Journal of Zhejiang University Science A, Vol. 8 (2007), pp. 1101-1109
Chen: Journal of Shenzhen University (Science), Vol. 27 (2010), pp.103-108
Shi: Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 23 (2009), pp.3468-3474
Gupta: Materials and Structures, Vol. 37 (2004), pp.707-716

Materials Review, 2003, 17(5):39-41.
Progress in Materials Science, 2005, 50(3):293-310
Materials Letters, 2009, 63(27), 2321-2323
Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 2010,26(7): 601-604
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2007,313(2) Pages 705-710